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Spain (Minus Sherry) Flashcards

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1
Q

What does DO stand for?

A
  • Denomination de Origen
    • equivalent to AOP, and DOC
    • Each district has it’s own Consejo Regulador to monitor quality.
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2
Q

What are DO Pagos?

A
  • Aka Vino de Pagos
  • VPs are single-estate appellations. If the VP is located within an existing DO, VP appellation requirements must be stricter than those of the larger DO. Estates may apply for a VP after 10 years of production. Wines must be estate-bottled.
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3
Q

What does DOCa stand for?

A
  • Denominacion de Origen Calificada
    • higher that DO, similar to DOCG
    • ONLY 2
      • Rioja
      • Priorat
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4
Q

What was the first vino de Pago?

A
  • Dominio de Valdepusa
    • Located in Castilla-La Mancha
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5
Q

Name the DOCa’s of Spain and when they were established?

A
  • Rioja = 1991
  • Priorat = 2009
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6
Q

What does VC stand for?

A
  • Vino de Calidad Con Indicacion Geografica
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7
Q

What level of quality is “Vino” in Spain?

A
  • The Bottom tier
    • Variety and vintage may appear on the label.
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8
Q

What level of quality is Vino de la Tiera (VdIT), and what is the new EU name for the category?

A
  • “Vino con Indicación Geográfica Protegida”
  • Above Vino, below DO
    • EU reform in 2016
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9
Q

What is the mid level of quality called in Spanish wine law?

A
  • Vino de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica
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10
Q

What is a Vino de Pago Calificado?

A
  • This category exists to cover future VPs that may arise inside DOCa zones.
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11
Q

How long must Joven wine age for?

A
  • R/W
  • “Young wine”
  • Undergone little, if any oak aging
  • IN rioja, Vino Joven = Generico
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12
Q

How long must Crianza wines age for?

A
  • Crianza Red
    • 2 yrs
    • with min. 6 mo. in cask
  • Crianza White
    • 18 mo.
    • 6 mo. in cask
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13
Q

How long must Reserva wines age for?

A
  • Reserva Red
    • 3 yrs
    • min. 1 yr in oak
  • Reserva White
    • 2 yrs
    • min. 6 mo in oak
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14
Q

How long must Gran Reserva wines age for?

A
  • Gran Reserva Red
    • 5 yrs
    • min. 18 mo in oak
  • Gran Reserva White
    • 4 yrs
    • min. 6 mo in oak
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15
Q

How do aging requirements differ in Rioja?

A
  • Regular:
    • Crianza
      • 2 yrs
      • min. 6 mo in oak
    • Reserva
      • 3 yrs
      • Min. 1 yr in oak
    • Gran Reserva
      • 5 yrs
      • min. 18 mo in oak
  • RIOJA DOCA
    • Crianza
      • 2 yrs
      • 1 yr in oak
    • Reserva
      • 3 yrs
      • 1 year in oak
      • 6 mo in bottle
    • Gran Reserva
      • 5 yrs
      • min. 2 yrs in oak
      • min. 1 yr in bottle
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16
Q

When a wine is Noble, how long has it been aged for?

A

Min. 18 months in a cask of less than 600 L or bottle

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17
Q

When a wine is Anjeo, how long has it been aged for?

A

Min. 2 yrs in a cask of less than 600 L or bottle

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18
Q

If a wine is labeled Viejo, how long has it been aged for?

A

Minimum 36 months and demonstrates marked oxidative character

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19
Q

Which wine making regions are located in Galicia?

A
  • Rias Biaxas
  • Valdeorras
  • Ribera Sacra
  • Ribiero
  • Monterrei
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20
Q

What are 5 the subregions of Rias Baixas?

A
  • Val Do Salnes
  • Ribeira do Ulla
  • O Rosal
    • blending grape: Loureira
  • Condado do Tea
    • blending grape: Treixadura (vinho verde grape)
  • Soutomaior
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21
Q

What is the major grape of Rias Baixas?

A
  • Albarino!
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22
Q

How are the vines trained in Rias Baixas?

A
  • Trained high on pergolas!
  • Historically allowed farmers to plant additional crops under the vines
    • including cabbage
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23
Q

If a wine is labeled “Rias Baixas”, what does this indicate?

A
  • The wine will be 100% varietal Albarino
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24
Q

Tasting notes of Albarino

A
  • Color:
    • Pale to med color, with hints of gold and green
  • Nose
    • Aromatic with notes of lime, apple, white peach, LOTS OF PEACH. almonds, honeysuckle, orange blossom and jasmine. Sour cream. Sometimes leesy.
  • Palate
    • med body
    • High sitrusy acidity
    • Dry/ pithy mineral finish
      • phenolic bitterness
    • Oak absent
  • “Often arived at by exlusion”
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25
What types of still wine are produced in Valdeorras?
* White: 100% Godello * Red: Mencia (min. 85%)
26
What is Galicia's primarily Red wine DO, and what do they produce?
* Ribeira Sacar * Mencia!! * Known for impossibly steep teraces. * Warmer and more continental than Rias Baixas.
27
What grape varietals do you find in Galicia?
* White: * Albarino * Godello (Verdelho) * Loureira * Torrontes * Treixadura * Reds * Mencia * Caino Tinto
28
What is the primary soil type of Galicia?
Granite!
29
What river runs through and influences Galicia?
* The Mino * in portugla = Minho
30
What is the climate of Galicia, and what are the influences?
* Maritime to Continental (Inner) * Off the coast of the Atlantic Ocean * Much greener and cooler than the rest of Spain * Lush vegetation and dense forests. * Mino River
31
Which wine making regions belong to Castilla y Leon?
* **Ribera del Duero\*\*** * **Toro\*\*** * **Rueda\*\*** * **Bierzo\*\*** * Tierra de Leon * Arribes * Tierra del Vino de Zamora * Arlanza * Cigales
32
What is the general climate of Castilla y Leon?
* Continental * located on the Maseta Central
33
What river runs through Castilla y Leon?
* Duero River
34
What is produced in Bierzo?
* Mostly Mencia! * light and refreshing reds * Can be soft and fuity * or more concentrated and powerful * Som grenache blends here too.
35
What is the climate of Bierzo?
* Similar to Galicia * cooler and wetter than the other Castilla y Leon DOs * Generally, Continental
36
Do the ageing requirements differ in Ribera de Duero from the rest of Spain?
* Yes! * They are much like Rioja, without the Mandatory bottle aging (R) * Crianza = 2 yrs, 1 yr in oak * Reserva = 3 yrs, 1 yr in oak * Gran Reserva = 5 yrs, 2 in oak
37
Which producer based in Priorat first brought Bierzo recognition?
* Alvaro Palacios * Descendientes de José Palacios * joint project with Nephew * Biodynamic, old vine, highly extracted mencia wines from schist soils!
38
What is the climate of Ribero del Duero?
* HOT CONTINTENTAL
39
Name three important producers in Ribera del Duero?
* Vega Sicilia * Dominio de Pingus * Tinto Pesquera
40
What grapes are allowed in Ribera del Duero?
* Tempranillo Dominated * aka Tinta del Pais/ Tinto Fino * Garnacha * Malbec * Merlot * Cab Sauv * Albillo Mayor (w)
41
What is the blend of Ribera del Duero?
* Min. 75% Tempranillo * The rest of any other permitted grapes * Max 5 % albillo * added to soften the blend
42
What is the soil in Ribera del Duero?
* Silt and Clay, on alternating layers of limestone, marl and chalk
43
What style of wine reinvigorated Rueda?
* Verdejo based white wines!
44
Which producer invested in Rueda and changed the style of white wine from oxidative to fresh and crisp?
* Marques de Riscal * Rioja Winery * Modern wine making techniques ensure freshness and acidity.
45
What varietals are planted in Rueda?
* White * Verdejo * Sauv. Blanc * Palomino * Viura (Macabeo) * Red * Tempranillo * Cab Sauv. * Merlot * Grenache * Syrah
46
What is the typical blend of the wines made in Rueda?
* White * Verdejo * +SB, Palomino, Viura * Red * Min. 75% Tempranillo
47
When did Ribero del Deuro become a DO?
1982
48
What are the climate moderators of Rioja?
* Mountains * Pyrenees to the NE * Cantabrian Mountains to the NW * Ebro River * Oja Tributaries
49
What wine making regions are located within North Central Spain?
* La Rioja * Rioja DOCa * Narvarro * Aragon
50
What are the 3 subzones of Rioja DOCa?
* Rioja Alta * Rioja Alavesa * Rioja Baja (Historically Oriental)
51
How far is Rioja from Bordeaux?
* About 200 miles * distance from Queens to Syracuse (4 hrs by car)
52
What is the climate of Rioja?
Continental
53
What varietals are produced in Rioja?
* Red * Tempranillo * Grenache * Graciano * Mazuelo (Carinena) * White * Viura (Macabeo) * Malvasia * Garnacha Blanca * Chardonna * SB * Verdejo
54
What is the traditional blend of a red Rioja?
* If not de-stemmed: * 85% * Tempranillo * Mazuelo * Garnacha * Graciano * The rest * "Experimental grapes" * ex. Cab Sauv * If destemmed, the above moves to 95%
55
What is the primary white varietal in Rioja?
Viura
56
What is the capital city of Rioja?
Haro
57
Where in Rioja are the most famous wines found?
* Rioja Alta * Slightly warmer, more continental * rich iron soil
58
Which sub-region of Rioja is actually located in Basque country?
Rioja Alavesa
59
Which or Rioja's subregions is the hottest?
* Rioja baja * farthest inland.
60
In which Rioja subregion is historically regarded as a source for garnacha?
Rioja baja
61
Taste Profile of Rioja Tempranillo
* Color * Pale in color, brick red or garnet with bronzing rim * Nose * dusty, with notes of cooked strawbery, tobacco leaf, game, nuts, leather, soft spice and vanilla and coconut from American Oak * Palate * Med body * Med- Acidity * Med Alcohol * Ripe and silky tannin * Spicy/ savory finish. * Compared to Ribera * lighter in color and body, lower acidity, alochol and tannin * Red, rather than black fruit
62
Where is 95% of cava produced?
Penedes!
63
What are the wine making regions in Catalunya?
* Penedes DO\*\*\* * Montsant DO\*\*\* * Priorat DOQ\*\*\* * Alella DO * Catalunya DO * Cava DO\*\*\* * Conca de Barberà DO * Costers del Segre DO * Empordà DO * Pla de Bages DO * Tarragona DO * Terra Alta DO
64
When was Vino Espumoso de Calidad established in Rioja, and what are the laws?
* 2018 * To be labeled as such, the grapes must be hand-harvested * entire winemaking process must take place at the same facility * Brut Nature, Extra Brut, and Brut styles are allowed. * Aging * Vino Espumoso requires a minimum of 15 months lees aging * Reserve 24 mo * Gran Reserve 36 mo
65
Which region in Spain is a "stone's throw" away from Roussilon in france?
Catalunya!
66
What is the soil in Priorat?
* Llicorella * a mix of black slate and quartzite, characterizes the best vineyards, requiring vines to dig deeply for water
67
What is the climate in Priorat?
* HOT Mediterranean! * if unchecked, alcohol can reach 18%
68
Which region in Spain is the heat so extreme that wine can reach 18% alcohol if unchecked?
Priorat
69
When sparkling wine came to Spain, where did it debut?
Catalunya
70
Who brought stainless steel fermentation to Spain?
Miguel Torres - 1960s Introduced in Catalonia
71
What are the main grapes of Priorat?
* Garnacha * Carinena
72
How did Rene Barbier shape the future of Priorat wines?
* Wine maker for Alvaro Palacios * Planted a mix of local and french grapes in the licorella soils in 1979 * Convinced Palacios & others to join him * in 1989, they cooporitively produced and released the first effort * a single red wine bottled under five different labels * brought attention to Priorat * Created the "Five Clos"
73
What are the "5 Clos" of Priorat?
* Clos Mogoador * Barbier's * Clos Dofi * Palacios' * Clos Erasmus * Clos de l'Obac * Costers del Siurana * Clos Martinet
74
Name to important producers in Priorat?
* Rene Barbier * Alvaro Palacios
75
What is the circular region that surrounds Priorat, and what is it known for?
* Montsant * Known as Value Priorat * garnacha and carinena wines
76
What are the grapes approved for Cava production?
* Recommended * Xarel-lo * Macabeo * Parallada * Authorized White * Chardonnay * Malvasia * Authorized Red * Garnacha * Monastrel * PN * Trepat
77
Does Cava DO cover a region or a style?
* A Region * Cava can be produced all over spain, provided the approved grapes are used and it is traditional method.
78
What is a gyropallet?
* A machine for riddling bottles of wine more efficiently than a human * Takes 1 week * VS min. 6 weeks by hand. * Holds 504 bottles
79
T/F. Rose cava is always blended?
FALSE * NEVER BLENDED * Vinified into rose during fermentation
80
What are the subzones of Penedes, and what is grown there?
* Baix-Penedes * Garnacha (Garnatxa) and Monastrell are planted here, producing high-alcohol red and rosado wines, which have replaced the sweet fortified reds popular in the past * Medio-Penedes * Ull de Llebre (Tempranillo) thrives here. * Alt-Penedes * one of Europe's highest elevation wine regions * Parellada produced here!
81
What is the birthplace of Cava, and which subzone of Penedes is it in?
* San Sadurní d’Anoia * Alt Penedes
82
When was Cava introduced to Spain, and by whom?
Jose Raventós of Codorníu introduced método tradicional sparkling winemaking to Spain, in 1872
83
T/F Lees Aging for Cava is the same as in Champagne?
FALSE * Normale: 9 mo. on lees * Reserva: 15 mo. on lees * Gran Reserva: 30 mo. on lees
84
Who are the 2 largest Cava producers?
* Freixinet = #1 * Cordoniu = #2
85
What production method is Cava produced with?
Method traditional
86
What is Europe's largest demarcated region?
La Mancha DO (Within the Castilla - La Mancha Region)
87
What are the top 2 planted white grapes in the world?
* Chardonnay = #1 * Airen = #2 * only found in spain, gets most of its acreage from La Mancha * destined for distillation for brandy
88
What other names does Tempranillo go by, and where will you find those names?
1. Tinto de Toro = TORO 2. Tinto Fino/ Tinto del Pais = RIBERA DEL DUERO 3. Ull de Llibre = CATALUNYA 4. Cencibel = LA MANCHA
89
When did Phylloxera hit Spain?
Beginning of the 1900s 40-50 yrs after the French came to Spain (avoiding their own phyl crisis)
90
What are the DOs of Basque Country/ Pais Vasco?
* Getariako Txakolina, * Bizkaiko Txakolina * Arabako Txakolina.
91
What is the primary wine produced in Basque Country, and from what grape?
* Wines from all three DOs may be white, red, or rosado, but the white wines, produced from the native **Ondarrabi Zuri** grape, are predominant. * Low alcohol, highly acidic, lightly efforvescent wines
92
How many DOs are located on the Canary Islands?
10!
93
What are the DOs of the Canary Islands?
* Five are located on the island of Tenerife * La Palma * El Hierro * Gran Canaria * La Gomera * Lanzarote.
94
What is the soil type of the Canary Islands, and what is special about their viticulture?
* Volcanic Soil * EXTREMELY OLD VINES * Untouched by Phylloxera * They dug holes and surrounded by walls of rocks to protect the saplings from harsh wind

CMS II (15 decks)

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