Sparta 425-404

Question 1

Titles

Answer 1

Peace offers
Domestic
Sicily
Revolts
Battles
Persia
Internal factions
Brasidas

Question 2

Peace offers

Answer 2

Peace offer after Pylos – 4.19 Th – Spartan envoy to Athens – ‘she offers you peace, alliance, friendly and neighbourly relations. In return she asks for the men on the island’

Truce in 423 – Corinth not consulted – not given back its territories - 4.117

Peace in 421 (Pleistoanax and Nician faction) Spartans call a meeting of their allies, all of whom voted in favour of peace, except for the Boeotians, Corinthians, Eleans and Megarians. 5.13. Corinth ‘trying to upset the agreement’ – 5.25

410 - Spartans sue for peace (Athens would lose all states who had revolted) - assembly - now overconfident under colophon decline

Question 3

Domestic

Answer 3

Get rid of Helots – 4.80 – get rid of helots they fear will revolt. Pretending they will give them their freedom, they select 2000, and put them to death.

Question 4

Sicily

Answer 4

Sending Gylippus to defeat Athenians in Sicily (also Alcibiades interest – 6.90)
Decelea – weakening Athens (grain and silver, slaves) 6.89

Question 5

Revolts

Answer 5

Army to allies – 4.80 ‘they decide to send an army to her allies ‘particularly as they were asking for it in order to be able to revolt.’

411BC Plps send fleet to Euboea Revolt of Euboea (threatens Ath food supply badly) Athenians defeated – Chios revolt 411 (8.6) – asked for help

Question 6

Battles

Answer 6

410 - Alcibiades wins battles against the Spartans and gets control of Hellespont and vital supply route. Mindarus (spartan admiral) killed and spartan-Persian forces wiped out

Question 7

Brasidas

Answer 7

Brasidas – 4.81 ‘on his foreign service had shown himself to be so valuable to his country.’
4.81 ‘upright and moderate conduct towards the cities which caused most of them to revolt’

4.80 ‘after the Sicilian expedition, the chief factor in creating a pro-Spartan feeling among the allies of Athens was the gallantry of Brasidas’

4.108 - asks for another army, Sparta does ‘nothing for him, partly because their leading men were jealous of him, partly because what they really wanted was to recover the prisoners on the island and end the war’

Question 8

Battles

Answer 8

Fighting Athenians – such as at Mantinaea – restoring balance, or after Sicily 8.2 – allies of Sparta ‘eager to be freed’, ‘Sparta determined to throw themselves into the war without any reservations’

Sps shift operations to Hellespont to cut off Athenian supply chains from Spartocid kingdom in Bosporus

Question 9

Persia

Answer 9

Tissaphernes (support for their own war, monetary support) (Treaty shown in 8.37 – reliability)
Pharnabazus (rebuilding fleet) 8.6 then switching to Pharnabazus (410-407), pays for rebuilding of Spartan fleet
Cyrus (own benefit) – Lysander and for Pelop gets ‘all the tribute’ from Cyrus (5000 talents – Andocides – intimacy of Cyrus and Lysander that made them generous - Cawkwell) 2.1

Question 10

Internal factions

Answer 10

• Pleistoanax – allegations of bribery, retreat from attica
  o 5.16 He was exiled because he was supposed to have been bribed to retreat from Attica
• Replacing Lysander with Callicratidas
  o Due to 1 year term limit
   Callecratidas has replaced Lysander as admiral as his term of office has expired. Cyrus is not being prompt in paying him the money for his sailors and is avoiding him. ‘Callecratidas was furious at being put off – X 1.6

Restoring Lysander, aegospotami – X 2.1 – Lysander sent out as vice admiral, – 406BC, 2.1 Aegospotami