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Community Ecology > Spatial Ecology: METAPOPULATIONS > Flashcards

Spatial Ecology: METAPOPULATIONS Flashcards

1
Q

Who are the authors of “The Distribution and Abundance of Animals”

A

Herbert George Andrewartha & Louis Charles Birch

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2
Q

one of the great figures in the
development of modern ecology, known to all
ecologists for his pioneering research in population
biology, in which he sought to understand the
dynamics of populations and what factors controlled
or “regulated” the sizes of populations.

A

Louis Charles Birch

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3
Q

He began to
study how certain species of Dacinae fruit flies were
becoming pests as a result of the expansion of cultivated fruit crops.

A

Louis Charles Birch

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4
Q

ultimately became the most influential
Australian ecologist of the twentieth century.

A

Herbert George Andrewartha

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5
Q

He broke with the mold by providing both
laboratory and field evidence that density
independent factors such as weather were in at least some instances even more
important.

A

Herbert George Andrewartha

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6
Q

metapopulation model that is simple in form and serves as a
foundation for all other metapopulation models.

A

Simon Levin’s metapopulation model

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7
Q
  1. The environment is composed of a large number of discrete patches, all
    identical and all connected to each other via migration (i.e., dispersal is global).
  2. Patches are either occupied or not (actual sizes of populations within patches
    are ignored and it is assumed that each colonized patch quickly reaches its
    carrying capacity).
  3. Populations within patches have a constant (per patch) rate of extinction
A

basic assumptions of the Levins model

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8
Q

Refers to a group of spatially separated populations of the same species that are connected by the
movement of individuals between them.

A

Metapopulation

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9
Q

in a metapopulation, this are connected via dispersal.

A

Patches

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10
Q

Our families and relatives around the world is an example
of ?

A

metapopulation

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11
Q

Closed population

A

Local population

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12
Q

Group of same individuals living in the same place,
at the same time

A

Local population

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13
Q

Individuals are only added through births and loses
through death

A

Local population

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14
Q

Interaction takes place within the population

A

Local population

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15
Q

Open population

A

Metapopulation

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16
Q

• Group of same individuals living in different places
at the same time

A

Metapopulation

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17
Q

• Individuals are only added through immigration and
loses through emigration

A

Metapopulation

18
Q

For Interaction, migration from one local population
to other patch is possible.

A

Metapopulation

19
Q

refers to the process by which
large, continuous habitats are divided into smaller,
isolated fragments, often as a result of human
activities such as urbanization, deforestation, and
agricultural expansion.

A

Habitat Fragmentation

20
Q

Leads to reduction of patch size, resulting in smaller, isolated
habitat that support only a limited population of species.

A

Habitat Fragmentation

21
Q

In habitat Fragmentation,

• As it becomes isolated, movement and dispersal of individuals
between patches are ________.

A

restricted

22
Q

Reduced connectivity between patches hinder gene flow.

A

Habitat Fragmentation

23
Q

Edges of habitat fragments are often subject to different
environmental conditions compared to the interior, leading to what
is known as ___________.

A

edge effects

24
Q

Refers to the study of the dynamic processes that occur within
discrete habitat patches and their implications for the overall
dynamics and persistence of metapopulations.

A

Patch Dynamics

25
Q

considers the dynamics of colonization,

A

Patch Dynamics

26
Q

involves the examination of the population dynamics within
individual habitat patches

A

Patch Dynamics

27
Q

Desribes the movement of individuals between habitat patches and the degree of interaction and exchange among populations within a fragmented
landscape

A

Dispersal and Connectivity

28
Q

Dispersal mechanisms can be ?

A

passive or active

29
Q

In dispersal mechanisms, the ability of individuals to disperse between patches can influence __________ of vacant patches.

A

gene flow, colonization, and the
recolonization

30
Q

implies a strong interdependence between patches, allowing for the sustained exchange of individuals and the maintenance of
genetic diversity

A

High Connectivity

31
Q

The presence of corridors can facilitate the movement of individuals
between fragmented patches.

A

Dispersal & Connectivity

32
Q

impede dispersal and limit the exchange of individuals,
leading to reduced connectivity and increased isolation between
populations.

A

Barriers

33
Q

The configuration of the can influence the patterns of dispersal and
connectivity within the metapopulation.

A

Dispersal & Connectivity

34
Q

concept in metapopulation ecology that describes the dynamic
relationship between habitat patches.

A

SOURCE - SINK
DYNAMICS

35
Q

that provide suitable conditions for population
growth and reproduction

A

Source Habitats

36
Q

are patches where local environmental conditions
may not support self-sustaining populations. It relies on
immigration to maintain viable populations

A

Sink Habitats

37
Q

Main Types of Metapopulations

A
  1. Classic metapopulations
  2. Mainland–island metapopulations
  3. Patchy populations
  4. Non-equilibrium populations
38
Q

characterized by the Levins
model, in which all local populations are similar in size and
type.

A

Classic metapopulations

39
Q

a large population or
patch exists without significant risk of extinction and smaller
surrounding populations are supported by immigrants from that
mainland may

A

Mainland–island metapopulations

40
Q

Populations exist in a network of occupied and unoccupied
patches, and local populations undergo colonization and
extinction events in each generation.

A

Metapopulation Dynamics

41
Q

One of best examples of a classic metapopulation

A

Eastern collared lizards
(Crotaphytus collaris collaris) living in glades—dry, open, rocky habitats embedded in a
woodland matrix in the Ozark highland region of Missouri (USA).

Community Ecology (10 decks)

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