Spatial Ecology: METAPOPULATIONS Flashcards
(41 cards)
Who are the authors of “The Distribution and Abundance of Animals”
Herbert George Andrewartha & Louis Charles Birch
one of the great figures in the
development of modern ecology, known to all
ecologists for his pioneering research in population
biology, in which he sought to understand the
dynamics of populations and what factors controlled
or “regulated” the sizes of populations.
Louis Charles Birch
He began to
study how certain species of Dacinae fruit flies were
becoming pests as a result of the expansion of cultivated fruit crops.
Louis Charles Birch
ultimately became the most influential
Australian ecologist of the twentieth century.
Herbert George Andrewartha
He broke with the mold by providing both
laboratory and field evidence that density
independent factors such as weather were in at least some instances even more
important.
Herbert George Andrewartha
metapopulation model that is simple in form and serves as a
foundation for all other metapopulation models.
Simon Levin’s metapopulation model
- The environment is composed of a large number of discrete patches, all
identical and all connected to each other via migration (i.e., dispersal is global). - Patches are either occupied or not (actual sizes of populations within patches
are ignored and it is assumed that each colonized patch quickly reaches its
carrying capacity). - Populations within patches have a constant (per patch) rate of extinction
basic assumptions of the Levins model
Refers to a group of spatially separated populations of the same species that are connected by the
movement of individuals between them.
Metapopulation
in a metapopulation, this are connected via dispersal.
Patches
Our families and relatives around the world is an example
of ?
metapopulation
Closed population
Local population
Group of same individuals living in the same place,
at the same time
Local population
Individuals are only added through births and loses
through death
Local population
Interaction takes place within the population
Local population
Open population
Metapopulation
• Group of same individuals living in different places
at the same time
Metapopulation
• Individuals are only added through immigration and
loses through emigration
Metapopulation
For Interaction, migration from one local population
to other patch is possible.
Metapopulation
refers to the process by which
large, continuous habitats are divided into smaller,
isolated fragments, often as a result of human
activities such as urbanization, deforestation, and
agricultural expansion.
Habitat Fragmentation
Leads to reduction of patch size, resulting in smaller, isolated
habitat that support only a limited population of species.
Habitat Fragmentation
In habitat Fragmentation,
• As it becomes isolated, movement and dispersal of individuals
between patches are ________.
restricted
Reduced connectivity between patches hinder gene flow.
Habitat Fragmentation
Edges of habitat fragments are often subject to different
environmental conditions compared to the interior, leading to what
is known as ___________.
edge effects
Refers to the study of the dynamic processes that occur within
discrete habitat patches and their implications for the overall
dynamics and persistence of metapopulations.
Patch Dynamics
