Fundamentals of PREDATOR-PREY Interactions Flashcards
Fundamental building block from which
increasingly complex food chains and food
webs may be constructed
Consumer-resource Link
the consumption of
one living organism by another
PREDATION
3 variety forms of Predation
- Herbivores
- Carnivores
- Omnivores
Consume plant or algal
tissue
Herbivores
Consume animal tissue
Carnivores
Consume plant or
animal tissue
Omnivores
Herbivores that are
exceptions because they kill
their “prey”, functioning as
true predators
Seed eaters (Granivores)
HERBIVORES which includes __________ and
___________ generally consume only a part of an
individual plant, which may harm the plant
but does not usually kill it.
✓Grazers
✓Browsers
It consumes nutrients from another organism, its
host, resulting in a decrease in fitness to the host.
Parasites
Several
species of wasp, is the best example of this which immobilize — but do
not kill — a host by stinging it. The female
then carries the host to a burrow, where
she lays eggs within the host’s body. After
the larvae hatch, they consume the living
tissues of the host, eventually killing it.
Parasitoids
It influences the fitness of both predators and prey.
Predation
Simplest mathematical model which describes the
interactions of predator and prey populations.
LOTKA-VOLTERRA MODEL
The following are assumptions of what?
- There is no food shortage for
the prey population. - The amount of food supplied
to the prey is directly related
to the size of the prey
population. - The rate of change of the
population is directly
proportional to its size. - The environment is constant
and genetic adaptation is not
assumed to be negligible. - Predators will never stop
eating.
LOTKA-VOLTERRA MODEL
What LOTKA-VOLTERRA equation is this?
Sx
____ = ax - Bxy
St
Prey equation
What LOTKA-VOLTERRA equation is this?
Sy
____ = Sxy - ¥y
St
Predator equation
Is the number of prey consumed per predator per unit time.
Feeding Rate
He classified predator functional responses into three basic types.
Holling (1959)
It is the relationship between prey density and predator feeding rate.
Predator’s Functional Response
A predator’s functional response assumes that:
• predator’s feeding rate increases linearly with prey density.
Type I functional response
A predator’s functional response assumes that:
• predators are not limited by handling time
Type I functional response
• Most common type of functional response
Type II functional response
A predator’s functional response that:
• Includes the constraint of handling time
Type II functional response
A predator’s functional response assumes that:
• Predator’s feeding rate accelerates over an initial increase in prey density but then
decelerates at higher prey densities.
Type III functional response
Is the difference between the
proportion of that prey type in a
predator’s diet compared with the
proportion of that prey type present
in the environment.
PREDATOR PREFERENCE
