Speak Chinese Flashcards

Question

笼统

Answer 1

Pinyin: lǒng tǒng Traditional: 籠統 Simplified: 笼统 Meaning Vague; broad; general; not specific → Describes speech or writing that lacks detail, precision, or clarity — it's too general to be useful or clear. Tone Often slightly negative or critical Implies something should be clearer, more specific, or better explained Common collocations 说得太笼统 — said too vaguely 笼统的回答 — a vague answer 笼统地讲 — to speak broadly 表述笼统 — expressed too generally Examples 你的解释太笼统，能不能具体一点？ Your explanation is too vague — can you be more specific? 他只是笼统地提到了问题，没有给出细节。 He only mentioned the problem in general terms, without giving details. 这份报告内容太笼统，不利于决策。 This report is too general and not helpful for decision-making. Summary 笼统 = vague or overly general → Use it to describe ideas, responses, or language that are not detailed enough and lack specificity. 笼统 | Vague, general, not specific | How something is said or written | Lacks detail or precision | Neutral / mildly critical 糊涂 | Confused, muddled, unclear | A person’s mind or judgment | Lacks understanding / clarity | Negative / casual

Answer 2

Pinyin: jiē shì Traditional: 揭示 Simplified: 揭示 Meaning To reveal; to bring to light; to make known clearly → Used when something hidden, abstract, or profound is made visible or understood — often in formal, academic, or analytical contexts. Tone Neutral to formal Often used in writing, reports, research, literature, philosophy, or speeches Common collocations 揭示真相 — reveal the truth 揭示规律 — uncover patterns or laws 揭示内在矛盾 — expose inner contradictions 揭示人生意义 — reveal the meaning of life 揭示问题本质 — bring out the essence of a problem Examples 这部小说揭示了人性的复杂。 This novel reveals the complexity of human nature. 实验结果揭示了基因变化的规律。 The experiment results uncovered the patterns of genetic variation. 这份报告揭示出公司管理上的漏洞。 This report revealed flaws in the company’s management. Summary 揭示 = to clearly uncover or expose something deeper → Often involves truths, principles, contradictions, or abstract ideas being brought to the surface for understanding. -------------------- ✅ Typical Subjects of 揭示 Authors / Speakers / Experts → They reveal ideas, truths, or insights through writing or speech 小说 / 作家 (novel, writer) 研究者 / 学者 (researcher, scholar) 报告 / 调查 (report, investigation) Abstract concepts or processes → These "reveal" underlying truths through outcomes or patterns 结果 / 数据 (results, data) 历史 / 现象 (history, phenomena) 实验 / 观察 (experiments, observations) Artistic or academic works → Reveal emotions, social truths, contradictions, etc. 电影 / 作品 (film, work of art) 文章 / 演讲 (article, speech) ---- 👉 Think of 揭示 as “expose the deeper meaning,” and 透露 as “reveal a piece of info.” * 揭示: Truth, rules, contradictions

Answer 3

稿子 (gǎo zi) Informal way to say script / draft / speech text Common in everyday use (e.g., someone reading a speech or filming a video) 🟢 Neutral, widely used Example: * 我先写好稿子再录视频 - I'll write the script first before filming. Wechat example: * 我还在背稿子又困可是又没有背好 * 我用AI写的稿子 * 这是什么？稿子稿子 is not typically used for the script of a movie or theater show. Use 剧本 (jùběn). 台词 (táicí) for an actor's spoken lines (not the full script) 稿子 (gǎozi) is best for: * Speeches, news broadcasts, vlogs, YouTube videos, etc. * It means a script or draft of something to read or say, not act

Answer 4

Fragant/Fragance - fēn fāng Think of it as a direct tranlation (But a bit more poetic) 芬芳的花香 — floral fragrance 芬芳四溢 — fragrance spreads everywhere 芬芳扑鼻 — fragrance hits the nose (strong pleasant smell) 芬芳的语言 — elegant, beautiful language (figurative)

Answer 5

Canon (the brand) Very common due to photography, printers, etc. It's a brand name.

Answer 6

最 jia1 The best / optimal - Widely used in awards, reviews, choices (e.g. 最佳影片, 最佳选择) I want to make you feel like a woman, but also like a kid sometime. 那就是最佳的恋爱体验了。很棒听起来 Use 最好 when speaking casually or giving advice. Use 最佳 when writing formally, giving awards, or describing top performance. * Giving advice / soft suggestions | 最好 * Naming awards or best-performing things | 最佳 * Talking casually about preferences | 最好 * Making formal or business statements | 最佳

Answer 7

Pinyin: hé zū Traditional: 合租 Simplified: 合租 To share a rental (apartment/house) — usually with roommates who split rent and living costs (Literally: 合 = together, 租 = rent) Verb: 合租一套房 — rent a place together Noun (sometimes): 找合租 — look for a roommate to share rent 合租房 — shared rental apartment 合租室友 — roommate (in shared rental) 找人合租 — looking for someone to share a rental 跟/和 - 莫个人 - 合租 — rent together with a friend Examples: 可以和别人合租我想找人一起合租一套两居室 - I want to find someone to co-rent a two-bedroom apartment. 他现在在北京和三个同事合租房子 - He’s currently sharing a rental with three colleagues in Beijing. 合租房虽然便宜，但隐私性差一点- Shared rentals are cheaper, but offer less privacy.

Answer 8

仔细 (simplified) | 仔細 (traditional) Pinyin: zǐ xì Meaning careful; meticulous; thorough; attentive (adj.) — describes DOING SOMETHING with close attention to detail. Usage notes * Modifies a verb: 仔细 + V (仔细检查 carefully check) * Stands alone after 做事: 做事很仔细 (be very meticulous) * Can take 得/地: 看得很仔细 / 仔细地看 Typical collocations 仔细观察 carefully observe 仔细检查 thoroughly inspect 仔细阅读 read closely 仔细思考 think carefully 做事仔细 do things with care Example sentences 请仔细阅读说明书。 “Please read the instructions carefully.” 他做实验时非常仔细，从不疏忽任何细节。 “He is very meticulous when doing experiments and never overlooks any detail.” 经过仔细检查，问题终于找到了。 “After a thorough inspection, the problem was finally located.”

Answer 9

"The reason why I… is because…" or "I do this because…" (with a formal and explanatory tone) ---- Often used in explanations, essays, or more formal speech. Expresses intentions, motivations, or justifications. Sounds more educated or serious than a casual “因为……所以……” ---- 我之所以 + [result/consequence]，是因为 + [cause/reason] * 之所以 = “the reason why…” (formal/literary tone of 所以) * 是因为 = “is because…” --------------------------------------------------------- 我之所以学习中文，是因为我对中国文化很感兴趣。 The reason why I study Chinese is because I’m very interested in Chinese culture. 我之所以拒绝这个工作，是因为它不符合我的职业规划。 The reason I turned down the job is because it doesn’t fit my career plan. 我之所以每天锻炼，是因为我想保持健康。 I work out every day because I want to stay healthy.

Answer 10

Answer 11

táo tài (There is not exact translation) Verb. “To remove or discard through a process of selection—keeping what meets the standard and eliminating what doesn’t.” Expanded breakdown A filtering process that keeps the winners / usable items and gets rid of the losers / obsolete ones. Typical English equivalents: eliminate, knock out, weed out, phase out, obsolete Who/what gets 淘汰? 1. People in competitions (contestants, sports teams). 2. Products/technologies that can’t keep up. 3. Ideas/practices judged outdated. How it’s used grammatically * 主动: 公司淘汰旧设备 – “The company phases out old equipment.” * 被动: 球队被淘汰 – “The team was eliminated.” Derived noun * 淘汰赛 – “knock‑out round” / “elimination match.” Mini‑examples 市场会淘汰落后的产品 - The market will weed out backward products. 这一轮将淘汰三名选手 - Three contestants will be knocked out this round. 他担心自己会被时代淘汰 - He worries he’ll be left behind by the times. Scene | What you’d say | Pinyin | Natural English Old gadget feels useless | 这台老手机早就该淘汰了。 | zhè tái lǎo shǒu‑jī zǎo jiù gāi táo‑tài le | “This old phone should’ve been retired ages ago.” Sports knockout | 我们今晚要是再输，就会被淘汰。 | wǒ‑men jīn‑wǎn yào‑shì zài shū, jiù huì bèi táo‑tài | “If we lose again tonight, we’re out of the tournament.” Reality‑show gossip | 第一轮会淘汰一半选手。 | dì‑yī lún huì táo‑tài yí‑bàn xuǎn‑shǒu | “Half the contestants get cut in round one.” Tech upgrade talk | USB‑A 接口快被淘汰了。 | USB‑A jiē‑kǒu kuài bèi táo‑tài le | “USB‑A ports are about to disappear.” Job‑market worry | 他怕自己被行业淘汰。 | tā pà zì‑jǐ bèi háng‑yè táo‑tài | “He’s afraid the industry will make him obsolete.”

Answer 12

📌 1. 激烈 (jī liè) Meaning: Intense, fierce, sharp — often refers to conflict, competition, or action. Context: Used when something involves clashing, fighting, confrontation, or strong dynamics. ✅ Common with: 争论 (debate): 激烈的争论 → intense debate 竞争 (competition): 激烈的竞争 → fierce competition 战斗 (battle): 激烈的战斗 → fierce battle 对抗 (confrontation): 激烈的对抗 → sharp confrontation ❌ Not used for: Feelings, emotions, or physical sensations. ---------------------------------------------------- 📌 2. 强烈 (qiáng liè) Meaning: Strong, intense — often refers to feelings, desires, reactions, or sensory things. Context: Used to describe internal emotions, reactions, effects, or sensory input. ✅ Common with: 感情 (emotion): 强烈的感情 → intense emotion 愿望 (desire): 强烈的愿望 → strong desire 反应 (reaction): 强烈的反应 → intense reaction 气味 (smell): 强烈的气味 → strong smell 光线 (light): 强烈的光线 → intense light ❌ Not used for: Battles, competitions, or debates. ---------- 🗣️ Example Sentence Comparison: ❌ 激烈的愿望 (awkward / unnatural) ✅ 强烈的愿望 → a strong desire ✅ 激烈的竞争 → fierce competition ❌ 强烈的竞争 (sounds odd)

Answer 13

xìng kuī - “Fortunately” / “Luckily” It’s used to express that something bad could have happened, but didn’t, thanks to some good luck or timely action. 🔧 Structure: 幸亏 + [good thing that happened]，不然 / 否则 + [bad consequence that was avoided] 🗣️ Examples: * 幸亏你提醒我，不然我就迟到了。Luckily you reminded me, otherwise I would’ve been late. * 幸亏带了伞，要不然早就淋湿了。Fortunately I brought an umbrella, or I’d be soaked. * 幸亏医生发现得早，不然后果不堪设想。Luckily the doctor discovered it early — otherwise the consequences would’ve been unthinkable. 🧠 Context & Use: * Often used in spoken and written Chinese. * Very common in everyday situations when something bad was avoided. * Emotionally relieved or grateful tone.

Answer 14

(cuò guò) 错过 means “to miss” or “to let slip” — usually referring to something that you didn’t catch or didn’t take advantage of. It’s often used for opportunities, events, appointments, or timely actions. 🔧 Structure: * 错过 + [something] * 错过机会 (miss an opportunity) * 错过时间 (miss the time) * 错过班车 (miss the bus) * 错过考试 (miss the exam) 🗣️ Examples: * 我错过了电影的开始 - I missed the beginning of the movie. * 他错过了申请的最后期限 - He missed the application deadline. * 如果你不早点行动，你就会错过这个机会 - If you don’t act early, you’ll miss this opportunity. 🧠 Context & Use: * 错过 is used in both spoken and written Chinese. * Often refers to opportunities, timeliness, or missing a chance in general. It carries a sense of regret or disappointment, since it implies something you can’t get back. * Can be used in both casual and formal contexts. 📝 Pro Tip: 错过 is almost always used when you regret missing something (whether it's a chance, event, or action). If you want to avoid regret, think ahead about things you don’t want to 错过! Let me know if you want me to use it in a short story or more examples!

Answer 15

1. Definition of 间隔 (jiàngé) - A noun meaning a gap or spacing in time or space. - E.g., "两次会议之间的间隔是三十分钟" (30-minute gap between meetings). 2. Difference between "interval" and 间隔 - English "interval": a continuous span or range (in time or numeric values). * Can refer to time spans (e.g., interval between events) or numeric ranges (e.g., interval [0,1]). - Chinese 间隔: emphasizes a gap or separation between two distinct points, events, or objects. * Focuses on the break or distance, not the continuous range. 3. Confidence Interval vs. 间隔 - "置信区间" (confidence interval) is a continuous range (区间), not a gap (间隔). - Confidence interval = plausible range for an unknown parameter. - Gap = separation between two points or events. 4. Data Analyst Usage Examples of 间隔会话间隔 (session interval) “我们可以计算用户两次启动应用之间的时间间隔，以评估活跃度。” “We can compute the time interval between a user’s consecutive app launches to gauge engagement.” 订单到货间隔 (order-to-delivery interval) “分析各地区的订单到货间隔，有助于优化物流策略。” “Analyzing the order-to-delivery interval by region helps optimize our logistics strategy.” 取样间隔 (sampling interval) “在时间序列分析中，我们使用 5 分钟的取样间隔来平滑波动。” “For time-series analysis, we apply a 5-minute sampling interval to smooth out noise.” 直方图分箱间隔 (histogram bin interval) “价格区间用 10 美元的间隔分箱，查看不同价位的订单分布。” “We bin order prices into $10-wide intervals to inspect the distribution across price ranges.” 数据刷新间隔 (data refresh interval) “仪表盘的数据刷新间隔设置为每小时一次，以保持近实时监控。” “The dashboard’s data refresh interval is set to once per hour to maintain near-real-time monitoring.” 注册与首购间隔 (registration-to-first-purchase interval) “注册与首购间隔可帮助我们了解新用户的转化速度。” “The registration-to-first-purchase interval helps us understand new-user conversion speed.”

Answer 16

(dīsú) -- “vulgar,” “lowbrow,” or “lacking refinement.” It’s used to criticize speech, writing, art, or entertainment that feels indecent, crude, or in poor taste. Pinyin: dīsú Core sense: something so coarse or tacky that it offends good taste Common collocations: 低俗文化 – lowbrow culture 低俗趣味 – vulgar tastes 低俗小说 – trashy novel Usage examples 这部电影桥段太低俗，让人觉得尴尬。 The movie’s scenes are so vulgar that they make people feel uncomfortable. 他总喜欢说些低俗笑话，别人都不愿意听。 He always tells crude jokes—nobody wants to listen. 我更喜欢有内涵的艺术，不喜欢那些低俗节目。 I prefer art with substance; I don’t like those tacky shows.

Answer 17

(fǎnkuì) - Same as feedback * 反馈 (noun) → “feedback” * 反馈 (verb) → “to feedback” or more naturally “to give feedback” / “to provide feedback”

Answer 18

回馈 (huíkuì) – “to give back/reciprocate” Meaning: to give something (often tangible: gifts, discounts, rewards) back in return for support or contribution. Type: value transfer or reward. Usage: “为了感谢老客户，我们准备了一些回馈礼品。” “To thank our loyal customers, we’ve prepared some gifts as a token of appreciation.” “平台会按月回馈渠道伙伴的业绩返点。” “The platform gives back performance rebates to our channel partners each month.” Term Core Idea Typical Context 反馈 Returning information or data Surveys, systems, analytics 回馈 Giving back something of value Promotions, rewards, rebates In short: Use 反馈 when you mean “returning information.” Use 回馈 when you mean “giving back rewards or benefits.” ------------- Yes—in informal or marketing-style language, you’ll sometimes see 回馈 used where you’d normally expect 反馈 to mean “feedback,” but it carries a slightly different flavor: Marketing or customer-appreciation contexts “感谢您对我们产品的回馈！” “Thank you for your feedback on our product!” Here 回馈 is used more like “thank you for giving back (your thoughts),” emphasizing the act of customers sharing. Corporate or polite phrasing “请您提供宝贵的回馈意见。” “Please provide your valuable feedback.” Again, it feels a bit more formal and gracious than plain 反馈. But in pure information-exchange contexts—surveys, bug reports, system responses—反馈 remains the standard word for “feedback.” Using 回馈 outside those appreciative or reward-oriented settings can sound odd or overly flowery.

Answer 19

ge2he2 A case of lack of mutual understanding / missunderstanding / Mindset barrier --> The obstacle of emotional communication between each other; the distance in thought. Depth: * 误会 is a surface-level hiccup caused by a specific event. * 隔阂 is a deeper divide, often built up over time. Resolution: * 误会 → clear it up by explaining or apologizing. * 隔阂 → requires sustained communication and empathy to overcome. Function in sentences: * You can “(消除) 误会” (“clear up a misunderstanding”). * You can “打破隔阂” (“break down a barrier”). --------------------------- 代沟（Parents vs. Teenager） * 情境：父母用传统方法管教孩子，孩子喜欢用网络流行语、玩在线游戏。 * 隔阂表现：父母觉得孩子不听话、丧失学习动力；孩子觉得父母过于保守、不理解自己。 Parents think their children are disobedient and lose motivation to learn; children think their parents are too conservative and don’t understand them. 文化差异（International Colleagues） * 情境：一位外国同事习惯直截了当反馈，而本地团队更习惯婉转含蓄。 * 隔阂表现：外籍同事以为大家“拐弯抹角”是拖延；本地团队觉得直白批评太冒犯。 Foreign colleagues think that everyone is procrastinating by beating around the bush; the local team finds direct criticism too offensive. 部门壁垒（Marketing vs. Engineering） * 情境：市场部急于推出新功能吸引用户，工程部担心时间紧张影响质量。 * 隔阂表现：两边各自抱怨“对方不懂我们难处”，关键决策常常卡在沟通不到位。 Both sides complain that "the other party does not understand our difficulties", and key decisions are often stuck in poor communication. 亲密关系（Couple Financial Values） * 情境：一方偏好攒钱做长期规划，另一方更享受即时消费和体验。 * 隔阂表现：多次为同一笔支出争吵，互相指责不尊重对方价值观，渐渐不愿再讨论金钱话题。 Arguing over the same expenditure many times, accusing each other of not respecting each other's values, and gradually unwilling to discuss money topics. ----------------------------- 政治冲突与文化隔阂：杨名时案透视 - Political Conflict and Cultural Estrangement: Perspectives on the Case of Yang Mingshi 你们为什么不消除隔阂，言归于好呢？- Why don't you settle your differences and be friends again? 听起来好像你和汤姆之间产生了隔阂 - It sounds as if you have grown apart from Tom.

Answer 20

拖拖拉拉 - [tuō tuō lā lā] * Adverbial phrase or adjective-like. * Tone & register: Informal, colloquial, slightly onomatopoeic (“drag-drag-pull-pull”). * Nuance: Emphasizes doing something in a slow, dawdling, half-hearted way. Often criticizes someone for being sluggish or indecisive. Usage: 他做事总是拖拖拉拉，效率很低 - “He always drags his feet and gets things done so slowly.” 别拖拖拉拉了，赶紧准备出发！Quit dawdling and hurry up!” 拖延 * Part of speech: Verb (can also be used as noun “延迟” in some contexts). * Tone & register: Neutral to formal. * Nuance: Stresses postponement or intentional delay—often with an implication of shirking or procrastination. More about “pushing deadlines out.” Usage: * 他总是拖延交报告，最后一天才拿出来 - He always delays submitting the report until the last day * 拖延症（procrastination）是一种很常见的习惯性行为。他批评政府在纠正过去的错误问题上效率低下，并且拖拖拉拉。 He has criticised the government for inefficiency and delays in correcting past mistakes. 演出拖拖拉拉地进行着，仿佛没完没了。 The play dragged on, and seemed interminable.

Answer 21

保重 (bǎozhòng) – “take care” or “look after yourself.” Usage: a parting or farewell expression to wish someone well-being. Register: neutral to polite; more caring than a simple “再见.” When to use: At the end of a letter, email, or message: “路上小心，保重！” “Be safe on your way—take care!” When saying goodbye in person, especially if someone’s traveling or going through a tough time. When not to use: Not for objects or situations (e.g. don’t say “保重文件”). Avoid overusing in very casual farewells among close friends (use “回头见” or “下次聊” instead). Examples 朋友出差前： “这几天工作辛苦了，保重！” “You’ve worked hard these days—take care of yourself!” 医生对病人说： “手术后要好好休息，保重身体。” “After the surgery, rest well—take care of your health.”

Answer 22

防水 - fángshuǐ - Water proof --- 放水 - fàng shuǐ - To let your opponent win “let water out” or, colloquially, “to throw a game” or “to go easy on someone.”

Answer 23

讽刺 (fěngcì) — Satirize / Irony How it works: You say the opposite of what you mean or exaggerate to expose folly or vice. Purpose: To provoke reflection or criticism, not to amuse at someone’s expense (though it may be funny). When to use: Political cartoons, literary satire, pointed social commentary. 嘲笑 (cháoxiào) — Mock / Ridicule How it works: You openly laugh at or insult someone to show superiority or for amusement. Purpose: To belittle or embarrass the target. When to use: Bullying situations, mean-spirited teasing, online trolling.

Answer 24

插销 (chā xiāo) - Pestillo Latch or bolt used to fasten doors or windows. It is typically a metal or wooden bar that can be inserted or removed to secure a door, gate, or other type of opening --------- 请把门的插销插上，锁好门。 (Qǐng bǎ mén de chā xiāo chā shàng, suǒ hǎo mén.) Please insert the latch and lock the door. 这个窗户的插销坏了，需要修理。 (Zhège chuānghù de chā xiāo huài le, xūyào xiūlǐ.) The latch on this window is broken and needs to be repaired. ------------- 门插销 (mén chā xiāo) = door latch 窗插销 (chuāng chā xiāo) = window latch 插销锁 (chā xiāo suǒ) = latch lock

Answer 25

驱蚊 (qū wén) is a Chinese term that means to repel mosquitoes or mosquito repellent. It refers to the act or process of keeping mosquitoes away, typically using various methods or products designed to prevent mosquito bites. 、、、、、、、、夏天的时候，我们需要驱蚊喷雾。 (Xiàtiān de shíhòu, wǒmen xūyào qū wén pēn wù.) In the summer, we need mosquito repellent spray. 这种植物有驱蚊的效果。 (Zhè zhǒng zhíwù yǒu qū wén de xiàoguǒ.) This plant has a mosquito-repellent effect.

Answer 26

可况 (kě kuàng) is a classical or formal Chinese term that is used to express "let alone" or "how much more", often in the context of comparing situations or conditions. It implies that something mentioned earlier is already difficult or notable, so if you consider a more extreme case, it would be even more so. 、、、、、、、、、、、他连自己都照顾不好，可况照顾别人呢？ (Tā lián zìjǐ dōu zhàogù bù hǎo, kě kuàng zhàogù bié rén ne?) He can't even take care of himself, let alone take care of others. 、、、、、、、、、、、、这个问题已经很复杂，可况更难的问题呢？ (Zhège wèntí yǐjīng hěn fùzá, kě kuàng gèng nán de wèntí ne?) This problem is already very complicated, how much more difficult would a more difficult one be?

Answer 27

牺牲 (xī shēng) is a Chinese term that means sacrifice. It refers to the act of giving up something valuable or important, usually for the benefit of others or for a higher cause. The term can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. 牺牲自己 (xī shēng zì jǐ) = to sacrifice oneself 做出牺牲 (zuò chū xī shēng) = to make a sacrifice 为…牺牲 (wèi ... xī shēng) = to sacrifice for…

Answer 28

The terms 傻逼 (shǎ bī) and 傻气 (shǎ qì) both describe someone as being "silly" or "foolish," but they differ significantly in tone and connotation. 傻逼 (shǎ bī): Meaning: 傻 (shǎ) = foolish, silly 逼 (bī) = a vulgar slang word for genitals, but in this context, it is used as a derogatory term. 傻逼 is a strongly derogatory term and can be translated as "idiot" or "fool" in English, but it carries a much more insulting tone. It is used to harshly criticize someone's intelligence or behavior, implying they are extremely foolish or annoying. Connotation: This term is offensive and vulgar. It is commonly used as an insult in informal or heated situations, and it can be seen as very rude and disrespectful. Example: 你真是个傻逼！ (Nǐ zhēn shì gè shǎ bī!) You're such an idiot! 傻气 (shǎ qì): Meaning: 傻 (shǎ) = foolish, silly 气 (qì) = air, vibe, manner 傻气 refers to a silly, innocent, or awkward demeanor, often in an endearing or lighthearted way. It can describe someone as being cute but clueless, naive, or not very perceptive, but in a non-offensive way. Connotation: The tone is generally softer, and 傻气 is not intended to offend. It’s often used to describe someone’s quirky charm or endearing foolishness. Example: 她有点傻气，但很可爱。 (Tā yǒudiǎn shǎ qì, dàn hěn kě'ài.) She’s a bit silly, but very cute. Key Differences: Tone: 傻逼 is harsh, vulgar, and insulting, meant to insult someone’s intelligence or behavior in a very rude way. 傻气 is gentle, innocent, and can be endearing or playful, describing someone as cute but silly. Connotation: 傻逼 is a strong insult, meant to belittle or criticize. 傻气 is more about a light-hearted or affectionate way to describe someone's playful, naive, or awkward behavior. In summary, 傻逼 is a rude insult used to harshly criticize someone, while 傻气 is a more innocent and non-offensive term, often used to describe someone’s harmless, silly, or quirky nature in an affectionate way.

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透明 (tòu míng) is a Chinese term that means transparent or clear

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hán2 xù4 Adjective: - Being reserved, implicit, or subtle in communication. - It describes the quality of expressing something in a subtle or indirect way, without being overly direct or explicit. - It is often used to describe a way of speaking or behaving that avoids straightforwardness or bluntness, instead hinting at meanings or feelings.

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qiáng2 qiú2 Meaning: 强求 means to force or insist on someone doing something against their will or desires. It implies applying pressure or coercion, often leading to discomfort or unwilling compliance. **What is considered 强求: Pressuring someone into agreement: Repeatedly asking someone to do something after they’ve declined. Example: Asking for money multiple times after refusal. Forcing someone to follow your will: Insisting someone do something that’s inconvenient or unwanted. Example: Forcing a child to follow a career path they don’t like. Coercion in relationships: Manipulating or guilt-tripping someone to do something they don’t want. Example: Pressuring a partner for constant time together despite their need for personal space. Unreasonable expectations: Insisting on something difficult or harmful even after someone expresses discomfort. Example: Continuously pushing a colleague to work overtime against their preference. **What is NOT considered 强求: Respecting someone’s decision: Asking for something and accepting their refusal without further insistence. Example: Politely asking a friend to join a party and respecting their "no." Offering suggestions or invitations without pressure: Inviting someone to do something and accepting their decision. Example: Asking someone if they want to join a dinner and accepting their refusal. Negotiating or discussing options: Having a respectful discussion or compromise without forcing your will. Example: Negotiating a business deal where both sides share terms and reach a compromise. **Signs of 强求: Repeatedly asking after a refusal. Not respecting boundaries or personal autonomy. Using guilt or manipulation to get someone to agree. **Signs of NOT 强求: Accepting "no" without pressure. Balanced, open communication where both sides express their views freely. Presenting choices without coercion. '''''''''''''''''' How to use it 强求 + SB + 做我们不能强求别人做他们不想做的事。 We cannot force others to do things they don't want to do. 她强求我答应这个不合理的要求。 She forced me to agree to this unreasonable request.

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"百依百顺" (bǎi yī bǎi shùn) is a Chinese idiom that describes someone who is very obedient, compliant, or accommodating, always following others’ wishes without resistance. It conveys the idea of someone who is extremely willing to listen and comply, often to the point of being overly submissive. Meaning: 百 (bǎi) = hundred 依 (yī) = to depend on, to obey 顺 (shùn) = to comply, to follow "百依百顺" literally means "a hundred obeys, a hundred complies," implying that the person is fully compliant in every situation. Usage: Positive connotation: Can be used to describe someone who is cooperative or accommodating, especially in contexts where being agreeable is valued. Negative connotation: It can also imply that the person is excessively obedient, lacking their own opinion or initiative, which might be seen as undesirable. Usage Examples: 他对父母百依百顺，从不违背他们的意见。 (Tā duì fùmǔ bǎi yī bǎi shùn, cóng bù wéibèi tāmen de yìjiàn.) He is extremely obedient to his parents and never goes against their opinions. 她是一个百依百顺的人，总是做别人希望她做的事。 (Tā shì yīgè bǎi yī bǎi shùn de rén, zǒng shì zuò biéren xīwàng tā zuò de shì.) She is a very accommodating person, always doing what others want her to do. In essence, "百依百顺" describes someone who is overly compliant, which can be either a positive trait (being cooperative) or a negative one (lacking independence).

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"香槟" (xiāng bīn) is the Chinese term for champagne, the sparkling wine that originates from the Champagne region of France. The term "香槟" specifically refers to this type of wine, which is known for its bubbles and is often associated with celebrations and special occasions.

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"洋酒" (yáng jiǔ) is a Chinese term that refers to foreign alcohol or Western liquor.

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shùn4 yǎn3 Term used to describe something or someone that is pleasant to the eye or easy on the eyes. It refers to something that looks good or is visually pleasing, usually in a way that feels comfortable or agreeable to the person observing. "顺眼" can be used to describe both people and things that are aesthetically pleasing or easy to look at Usage: Positive connotation: When someone or something is visually attractive or easy to look at. Neutral: It can also be used in a more casual way, not necessarily implying outstanding beauty but rather something that simply doesn't cause discomfort. Usage Examples: * 这个人长得很顺眼。This person has a pleasant appearance. * 这幅画很顺眼，看着很舒服。This painting is easy on the eyes; it feels comfortable to look at. In short, "顺眼" expresses a positive reaction to someone's or something's appearance but in a more understated or casual way than other expressions.

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yán2 zhí2 * **Meaning**: "颜值" refers to a person's "physical attractiveness" or "looks." * "颜" (yán) = face/appearance * "值" (zhí) = value/worth * Literal translation: "face value" or "appearance value." * **Context**: * Commonly used in modern Chinese, especially in social media and entertainment. * Refers to someone's physical appearance, either positively or negatively. * **Usage**: * **Positive connotation**: Used to describe someone who is physically attractive. * **Example 1**: *他的颜值很高，大家都说他长得很帅。* (Tā de yán zhí hěn gāo, dàjiā dōu shuō tā zhǎng dé hěn shuài.) "He has a high level of attractiveness; everyone says he looks very handsome." * **Example 2**: *她的颜值和才华都很出众。* (Tā de yán zhí hé cáihuá dōu hěn chūzhòng.) "Her looks and talent are both outstanding." * **General Use**: * Often used to evaluate someone's outward appearance in informal, social contexts. * Frequently used when discussing celebrities, influencers, or people encountered in daily life.

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kāi lǎng - Adjective that means "cheerful," "optimistic," or "bright" It describes someone who is open, lively, and has a positive attitude. It is often used to describe a person’s personality, particularly in social situations, where they are easygoing and approachable. 他是一个非常开朗的人，总是笑容满面。 (Tā shì yīgè fēicháng kāilǎng de rén, zǒng shì xiàoróng mǎnmiàn.) He is a very cheerful person, always with a smiling face. 她开朗的性格让她很受欢迎。 (Tā kāilǎng de xìnggé ràng tā hěn shòu huānyíng.) Her optimistic personality makes her very popular.

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chǎnshēng - is a verb meaning “to produce,” “to generate,” or “to give rise to”, especially for abstract things like effects, feelings, ideas, or problems. Here are the essentials to use it correctly Basic structure: Subject + 产生 + Object Object is usually an abstract noun (影响, 问题, 兴趣, 矛盾, 误解, 感情, etc.) Common collocations * 产生影响 (to have an impact) * 产生兴趣 (to generate interest) * 产生矛盾 (to give rise to conflict) * 产生误解 (to cause misunderstandings) * 产生疑问 (to raise questions) When not to use “产生” * Physical production of goods: use 生产 instead (e.g. 制造工厂生产汽车) * Events occurring: use 发生 (e.g. 地震发生了) or 出现 (e.g. 问题出现了) rather than “产生问题” for something simply appearing. Difference from similar verbs * 发生 (fāshēng) = an event happens (“地震发生了”); 产生 emphasises generating an effect or result. * 出现 (chūxiàn) = something appears or shows up (“错误出现”); 产生 emphasises creation or causation. * 生产 (shēngchǎn) = to manufacture or produce tangible goods; 产生 is for intangible outcomes. Example sentences 这样的政策可能产生负面影响。 Zhèyàng de zhèngcè kěnéng chǎnshēng fùmiàn yǐngxiǎng. “Such a policy may generate negative consequences.” 这段经历让他产生了深深的怀疑。 Zhè duàn jīnglì ràng tā chǎnshēng le shēnshēn de huáiyí. “That experience gave rise to deep doubts in him.” 如果不及时沟通，容易产生误解。 Rúguǒ bù jíshí gōutōng, róngyì chǎnshēng wùjiě. “Without timely communication, misunderstandings are easily generated.” Key takeaway: Use 产生 whenever you want to say “A produces/generates B” where B is an intangible effect, idea, or emotion—never use it for physical manufacturing (生产) or simple occurrences (发生/出现).

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jìn xíng Means to carry out, to conduct, or to proceed with an activity or process. Usage: To carry out: Performing or executing a task or event. Example: 我们正在进行一个项目 (We are carrying out a project). To proceed: Continuing or progressing with something. Example: 会议正在进行中 (The meeting is in progress). To engage in: Participating in an activity. Example: 他们正在进行讨论 (They are engaged in a discussion). Related Terms: 进行中 (in progress) 进行时 (ongoing) In summary, 进行 refers to the action of carrying out, executing, or proceeding with something.

Answer 40

liú liàng Noun that primarily refers to traffic, flow, or volume, and is commonly used in various contexts such as internet traffic, flow of goods, or even social media engagement. In modern contexts, 流量 most often refers to the amount of traffic or data flow. Common Usage: Internet Traffic: Refers to the amount of data sent or received over the internet. .. 网站的流量很大 - The website has a lot of traffic. Social Media or App Traffic: Refers to the volume of visitors or interactions on a website, app, or social media platform. .. 这个视频的流量非常高 - This video has very high traffic. Physical Flow (e.g., traffic of people or goods): It can also refer to the flow of people, goods, or services. .. 商店的客流量增加了The store's customer flow has increased. Related Terms: - 流量监控 (liú liàng jiān kòng) = traffic monitoring - 流量分析 (liú liàng fēn xī) = traffic analysis - 网络流量 (wǎng luò liú liàng) = internet traffic In summary, 流量 generally refers to the volume of flow, especially used for internet traffic, social media engagement, or the movement of goods or people.

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(zǒng bù) is a Chinese term that means headquarters. It refers to the central or main office of a company, organization, or institution where key decisions are made and major operations are managed.

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pān bǐ Verb: to compare competitively, Especially in terms of material things, status, or vanity — often with a negative tone. It describes the act of trying to outdo others by constantly comparing wealth, looks, achievements, etc. Breakdown: 攀 = to climb (implies effort or reaching upward) 比 = to compare Together, 攀比 suggests climbing and comparing — trying to be better than others in a visible or superficial way. Common Contexts: Material comparison: 她总喜欢和别人攀比谁的包更贵。 She always likes to compare whose bag is more expensive. Social status: 有些家长爱攀比孩子的成绩。Some parents love to compare their children's grades. Lifestyle/appearance: 现在很多人攀比穿名牌、住豪宅。 Many people now compare luxury brands and high-end homes. Tone: Negative: Implies vanity, insecurity, or unhealthy competitiveness Often associated with materialism or peer pressure Related Expressions: 盲目攀比 = blind comparison 互相攀比 = compare with each other 不要攀比 = don’t compare (advice often given to children or peers) Summary: 攀比 means unhealthy comparison, especially of money, status, or appearance. It’s driven by vanity, and usually seen as immature or unwise.

Answer 43

xián qì Verb to dislike and avoid someone or something because you think it’s not good enough, often with a tone of disdain or disgust. “DESPISE / look down on / reject” Has a negative attitude + judgment or superiority. Implies you dislike someone/something because you think it's not good enough or beneath you. Often used for people, especially in the context of discrimination or abandonmen。 - 她嫌弃这家餐厅太小，不肯进去 - She looked down on the restaurant for being too small and refused to go in. - 你别嫌弃我穷 - Don’t look down on me just because I’m poor. - 妹妹嫌弃这件衣服太旧，不肯穿了 - My little sister thinks the clothes are too old and refuses to wear them. - 他婚后开始嫌弃老婆不会打扮 After marriage, he began to dislike his wife for not dressing up. - 有些人一到城市生活就嫌弃农村的父母 Some people, after moving to the city, start looking down on their rural parents.

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yì yuàn Noun: will, desire, or intention — specifically, the willingness or personal wish to do something. Breakdown: 意 = intention, mind 愿 = wish, desire So 意愿 refers to what someone wants or is willing to do — their inner willingness or decision. --------- Usage: Expressing willingness or intent 他没有参加的意愿。He has no desire to participate. Survey or policy context: Often used in formal or official contexts to assess or discuss someone’s personal choice. 请填写您的就业意愿。Please fill in your job preference/willingness. 按照自己的意愿发展他有试课的意愿强加自己的意愿

Answer 45

海苔 (hǎi tái) means nori or seaweed snack in Chinese. It refers to a type of edible seaweed, usually dried and pressed into thin sheets, commonly eaten as a snack or used to wrap sushi.

Answer 46

fǎn huǐ Means to go back on one’s word, to break a promise, or to change one’s mind (after committing to something) — usually in a negative or disappointing way. So 反悔 literally means “to regret and go back (on something promised or agreed upon).” Usage: Refers to someone breaking a promise, backing out of a deal, or not keeping their word. Often used in personal, business, or emotional contexts. Example Sentences: 你已经答应了，现在不能反悔 - You already agreed — you can’t go back on it now. 他事后反悔，不愿意卖房子了 - He changed his mind afterward and didn’t want to sell the house anymore. 说话要算话，不能轻易反悔 - You should keep your word and not go back on it easily. 反悔 means to go back on a promise or change your mind after committing, often implying unreliability or regretful reversal.

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kuà yuè Verb to cross over, leap across, or overcome. It often implies moving across boundaries, obstacles, or time periods, either literally or figuratively. Breakdown: 跨 = to step over, to stride across 越 = to go over, to surpass Together, 跨越 suggests a significant or determined movement across a barrier or boundary. Common Usages: Literal movement 跨越国界 = cross national borders 这条铁路跨越了五个国家 This railway crosses five countries. Time or historical periods 跨越世纪 = spanning across centuries 这是一个跨越世纪的工程。 This is a project that spans centuries. Overcoming challenges 跨越障碍 = overcome obstacles 他们成功跨越了重重困难 -They successfully overcame many difficulties. Psychological or emotional boundaries 跨越心理障碍 = break through mental barriers In Summary: 跨越 means to leap across or go beyond, whether it’s a place, time, or obstacle. It often conveys a sense of progress, boldness, or breakthrough. ---------------------------------- |Word|Meaning|Use Type|Example | ------ | ------------| ------------| ----------| | 跨越 | To leap across, overcome | Formal, abstract| 跨越障碍 = overcome barriers | | 超过 | To exceed, surpass | Quantitative/comparative | 超过预算 = exceed budget | | 过去 | To pass by, go over; the past | Time/place/daily use | 时间过去了 = time has passed |

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| | 巨大 (jù dà) | 莫大 (mò dà) | | -------- | ------------------------ | ---------------------------- | | Meaning | Huge, massive | Utmost, incomparable | | Register | Neutral, common | Formal, literary | | Tone | Neutral/descriptive | Emotional/respectful | | Usage | Broad (things, feelings) | Abstract, serious nouns only | | Examples | 巨大的变化 (huge change) | 莫大荣幸 (greatest honor) |

Answer 49

drinking straw

Answer 50

纪念 (jìniàn) Core meanings: To commemorate / to remember (It is not commonly used in daily chinese) Souvenir / keepsake Detailed explanations: 1. As a verb: To commemorate / to remember Refers to honoring or remembering a person, event, or date, especially in a formal way. Often used for anniversaries, ceremonies, or events that recall important moments. Examples: 今年是建国七十周年纪念。 This year is the 70th anniversary of the founding of the country. 我们举办活动来纪念他。 We held an event to commemorate him. 2. As a noun: Souvenir / keepsake Can also refer to an object kept as a memory—a keepsake or souvenir. Examples: 这是我去北京旅游买的纪念品。 This is a souvenir I bought while traveling in Beijing. 他送了我一个纪念。 He gave me a keepsake. Usage tips: 纪念日 (jìniàn rì): anniversary, commemorative day 纪念品 (jìniàn pǐn): souvenir 纪念活动 (jìniàn huódòng): commemorative event

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1. Thought / Thinking Refers to a person’s ideas, thoughts, and mental processes. Example: 他的思想很活跃。 His thinking is very active. 2. Ideology / Philosophy Can mean a set of beliefs, ideology, or philosophy, especially in politics, education, or culture. Example: 马克思主义思想 Marxist thought/ideology 西方思想 Western thought/philosophy 3. Way of thinking / Mindset Refers to a person’s attitude, mindset, or perspective on things. Example: 要转变思想。 You need to change your mindset. Usage examples: 他的思想很传统。 His thinking is very traditional. 学生要有独立思想。 Students should have independent thinking. 思想开放的人容易接受新事物。 People with an open mindset are more willing to accept new things.

Answer 52

Too lazy to do something

Answer 53

自从 + [time/event], [result/what happened after] 自从 can only be used with past time and ongoing situations. Slightly more formal 从 is more general—used for any “from” (time, place, person, etc.).

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和好 (hé hǎo) Core meaning: To make up (after a quarrel) To reconcile; to restore good relations To be friends/lovers again after a fight or argument 他们吵架后很快就和好了。 They made up soon after the argument. 我和他已经和好了。 He and I have reconciled / We’re on good terms again.

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shénjīng Literal meaning: Nerve (in the human body or animal nervous system) Usage: In biology, anatomy, or medicine, 神经 refers to nerves—the fibers that transmit signals in your body. Examples: 神经系统 (shénjīng xìtǒng) — nervous system 神经元 (shénjīngyuán) — neuron 脑神经 (nǎo shénjīng) — cranial nerve Extended meaning --- Similar to crazy? 发神经 expresses serious concern that the man is acting out of control or irrationally, not just being a little silly—it’s stronger, almost like “he’s snapping” or “acting insane.”

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记错 (jìcuò) Core meaning: To remember incorrectly To get something wrong in your memory

Answer 57

别那么神经兮兮的。 Don’t be so jumpy/paranoid/overly sensitive.

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简直 (jiǎnzhí) Core meaning: Simply; really; just; virtually Used to emphasize that something is almost (or exactly) like something else, often expressing surprise, exaggeration, or strong feeling. How to use: 简直 + [comment/description] Usually placed before an adjective, verb, or descriptive phrase. Examples: 这个菜太好吃了，简直是人间美味！ This dish is so delicious, it’s simply a delicacy on earth! 他跑得太快了，简直像一只猎豹。 He runs so fast, he’s just like a cheetah! 天气太热了，简直受不了。 The weather is so hot, it’s simply unbearable. 她唱得简直跟歌星一样。 She sings almost exactly like a pop star. 简直太棒了！ It’s simply amazing! 简直是奇迹！ It’s simply a miracle! 简直不像话 It’s just outrageous!

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闹翻 (nào fān) Core meaning: To fall out (with someone); to break up (a relationship or friendship); to have a major falling out Implies a conflict or argument that leads to two people no longer being on good terms How to use: Subject + 和 + Object + 闹翻了 Usually used for friends, couples, colleagues, or partners who had a serious fight or disagreement and stopped being close. 他们因为一点小事闹翻了。 They fell out over a small matter. 我和他已经闹翻了。 He and I have had a falling out / We’re not friends anymore. 她跟最好的朋友闹翻了。 She fell out with her best friend.

Answer 60

到此为止 (dào cǐ wéi zhǐ) Literal meaning: “To this point, it stops.” Core meaning: Let’s stop here; let’s end it here; this is the end of it. It means “up to this point and no further,” “let’s end here,” or “that’s it for now.” Used to indicate that something (a relationship, conversation, action, process, etc.) should not continue any longer. How to use: Used at the end of discussions, relationships, tasks, arguments, etc., to formally or decisively end something. Can be used in writing or speech. Examples: 我们的关系到此为止吧。 Let’s end our relationship here. 讨论到此为止。 Let’s stop the discussion here. 到此为止，不要再说了。 Let’s stop here, no more talking about it. Nuance: It has a final, sometimes serious or resolute tone. Often used in formal, written, or serious spoken contexts.

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zhì yú Meaning 1 --> Shift topic: introduce a new point, contrast, or afterthought No subject before 至于; jump straight to what you’re addressing. “As for … / regarding …” A 句子，至于 + B (phrase/clause) 预算已经批完，至于执行细则，下周再定。 Budget’s approved; as for the execution details, we’ll decide next week. 报告我已经发了。至于反馈，明早给我就行。 The report is sent. As for feedback, tomorrow morning is fine. ---- Meaning 2: Degree / limit: “to go so far as …” (often in negative) “(not) so extreme as to …” Usually with 不/没 to downplay: 不至于这么夸张 (it’s not that extreme). (不) + 至于 + V / clause 问题没至于炒掉他吧？ The issue isn’t so serious as to fire him, right? Can be affirmative but rare: 他至于为这点事辞职 (he actually quit over that!). 数据波动≠下滑，不至于恐慌 - A fluctuation isn’t a down‑trend; no need to panic. 至于+疑问词至于什么时候上线，再看数据。 As for when we go live, depends on the numbers. 至于+是否/要不要至于要不要扩张，下季再议。 As for whether to expand, we’ll discuss next quarter. (不)至于+这么/那+adj 不至于这么难吧？ It can’t be that hard, can it? Quick “no‑mistake” checklist Need a clean topic pivot? → 用至于 #1. Downplaying severity or cost? → 不至于 #2. Never jam 至于 right after a subject (✗ 我至于… topic shift). Swap “至于 = as for” with “regarding…” in your head; if it flows, you’re good.

Answer 62

Key Nuances & Grammar: Subject + 手头紧 – The phrase is usually used to describe a person’s current financial state. 我最近手头紧。 (Wǒ zuìjìn shǒu tóu jǐn.) – I’m short on money lately. 他手头紧，不能借钱给你。 (Tā shǒu tóu jǐn, bù néng jiè qián gěi nǐ.) – He’s tight on cash and can’t lend you money. Polite & Indirect – It’s a softer way to say you don’t have money (compared to saying "我没钱" which can sound blunt). A: 周末一起去旅行吧！(Zhoumò yīqǐ qù lǚxíng ba!) – Let’s travel together this weekend! B: 不好意思，最近手头紧，下次吧。(Bù hǎoyìsi, zuìjìn shǒu tóu jǐn, xià cì ba.) – Sorry, I’m tight on cash lately, maybe next time. Temporary Situation – It implies that the lack of money is not permanent, just a current difficulty. 这个月手头紧，下个月再买吧。(Zhège yuè shǒu tóu jǐn, xià gè yuè zài mǎi ba.) – I’m short on money this month, I’ll buy it next month. Common Usage Scenarios: Explaining why you can’t spend money: 手头紧，不能参加聚会了。(Shǒu tóu jǐn, bù néng cānjiā jùhuì le.) – I’m tight on cash, so I can’t join the party. Politely refusing to lend money: 最近手头紧，帮不了你。(Zuìjìn shǒu tóu jǐn, bāng bù liǎo nǐ.) – I’m short on money recently, so I can’t help you. Discussing financial struggles casually: 他手头紧，所以找了份兼职。(Tā shǒu tóu jǐn, suǒyǐ zhǎo le fèn jiānzhí.) – He’s tight on money, so he found a part-time job. Contrast with Similar Phrases: 没钱 (méi qián) – "No money" (more direct, can sound harsh). 经济困难 (jīngjì kùnnan) – "Financial difficulties" (more formal, serious). Summary: Use 手头紧 when you want to say you’re temporarily low on money in a polite, conversational way. It’s flexible and fits many everyday situations.

Answer 63

清白 (qīngbái) Core meaning: Innocent; blameless; not guilty; pure Detailed explanation: Refers to a person’s innocence or purity, especially in the context of not having done anything wrong or illegal. Can be used for one’s reputation or personal character. Common uses: 证明清白 (zhèngmíng qīngbái): to prove one’s innocence 保持清白 (bǎochí qīngbái): to maintain one’s innocence/reputation 还我清白 (huán wǒ qīngbái): clear my name Examples: 他被冤枉了，但最终证明了自己的清白。 He was wronged, but eventually proved his innocence. 我什么都没做，我是清白的！ I didn’t do anything, I’m innocent! 她一生清白。 She lived an innocent (blameless) life. Nuance: Can be about legal innocence (not committing a crime) or moral purity (having a clean, honest character). Often used in both legal dramas and daily arguments when someone wants to emphasize they did nothing wrong. 清白 = “innocent,” “not guilty,” or “pure/blameless” (legally or morally).

Answer 64

Veterinarian ✔ 兽医 - shòu yī - is the default dictionary term; perfectly natural in speech. ✔ 宠物医生 - chǒng wù yī shēng- sounds warmer and is popular among pet owners in big cities.

Answer 65

Huǒxīng = the planet Mars

Answer 66

“露出庐山真面目” (lùchū Lúshān zhēn miànmù) is an idiom with a vivid image and a clear meaning. Meaning Literal meaning: “To reveal the true face of Mount Lu.” Figurative meaning: “To show one’s true colors / true nature is finally revealed.” Often used after the truth or real situation, which was previously hidden or unclear, becomes obvious. Usage Used when the reality or truth about someone or something is finally uncovered. Can be neutral, positive, or negative, depending on context. Example Sentences 经过调查，事件的真相终于露出庐山真面目。 After investigation, the truth of the incident was finally revealed. 刚开始他装得很友好，后来才露出庐山真面目。 At first, he pretended to be friendly, but later his true colors were revealed. Origin From a famous poem by 苏轼 (Su Shi), where it means you can’t see the real face of Mount Lu because you are inside the mountain. Now, the idiom is used for “the truth coming to light.” Summary: 露出庐山真面目 = “The true nature/real situation is finally revealed.”

Answer 67

遇上 (yùshàng) means “to come across,” “to run into,” or “to encounter” (usually by chance). Usage & Meaning Describes accidentally meeting or coming across a person, thing, or situation. Neutral tone, used for both good and bad situations. Example Sentences 我今天在路上遇上了老同学。 I ran into an old classmate on the street today. 如果遇上下雨，我们就不去了。 If we happen to get rain, we won’t go. 你有没有遇上过这样的事？ Have you ever encountered something like this? Related Words 遇见 (yùjiàn): to meet, to encounter (focus on meeting people/things, slightly more formal) 碰上 (pèngshàng): to bump into (more casual, similar meaning) Summary: 遇上 = to encounter or run into (by chance), often used for people, events, or unexpected situations.

Answer 68

推销 (推銷, tuīxiāo) means to promote or sell (products or services), usually actively or through persuasion. Usage & Meaning Verb: To promote, to sell, to market (often by directly persuading others) Often implies salesperson behavior, especially when someone tries to get you to buy something you didn’t plan to. Can be neutral or slightly negative (like “hard-selling”) Example Sentences 他在公司负责推销新产品。 He is responsible for promoting (selling) new products at the company. 有人打电话来推销保险。 Someone called to sell insurance. 我不喜欢别人给我推销东西。 I don’t like people trying to sell me things. Common Collocations 推销产品 (to promote/sell products) 推销员 (salesperson, promoter) 电话推销 (telemarketing) 主动推销 (active selling) Summary: 推销 = to actively sell or promote something, usually with direct persuasion.

Answer 69

投入 (tóurù) — * verb --- to put in / to commit (time, money, energy, feelings) * adverb --- deeply engaged, absorbed describes mental state 1. As a verb – “put in / commit” Subject + 把/将 + resource + 投入 + target 投入资金 put money into (a project) 投入时间 spend time on (research) 投入感情 pour feelings into (a relationship) 投入生产 put into production Nuance: deliberate commitment; stronger and more formal than “花” (spend). 2. As an adjective / adverb – “fully absorbed” Subject + 很/非常 + 投入 (地) + V 他上课听得很投入。 He listens in class with total focus. 她看书看得非常投入。 She is completely immersed in her reading. Nuance: deep mental engagement, similar to “专注”. 4. Quick examples 公司计划明年再投入一千万资金。 The company plans to commit another 10 million yuan next year. 实验室已投入使用。 The lab has been put into use. 孩子们在画画时特别投入。 The kids are totally absorbed while drawing. One‑line takeaway 投入 = to pour in resources or to be fully engaged—stronger, more formal, and more intentional than everyday “spend” or “be interested.”

Answer 70

野炊 (yěchuī) means picnic or outdoor cooking—specifically, to cook and eat food outdoors, usually in nature (like a park, mountain, or riverside). Usage & Meaning Verb: 去野炊 — go have a picnic (with actual cooking, not just eating prepared food) Noun: 一次野炊 — a picnic/outdoor cookout Nuance: Different from simply eating a packed meal outside (“野餐”). 野炊 emphasizes cooking food on the spot, often with a fire, stove, or barbecue. Example Sentences 明天我们去河边野炊吧！ Let’s go cook and eat by the river tomorrow! 小时候我最喜欢和家人一起野炊。 When I was a kid, I loved outdoor cookouts with my family. 露营的时候可以野炊。 You can cook outside when camping.

Answer 71

看 + 清(楚) → “see clearly, make out, discern.” Involves visual clarity or mental discernment after careful looking. 看清 + … → 细节 / 脸 / 牌子 / 方向 / 真相 / 形势 1. 没看清 = didn’t see clearly. 2. 看清(楚)了没有？ = Did you get a good look? 3. 把…看清 → 把路线看清再走。 Neutral; suits spoken & written Chinese. Physical clarity 天太黑，我没看清车牌号。 It was too dark—I couldn’t make out the license plate. Abstract insight 先把市场趋势看清，再决定投资。 Get a clear picture of market trends before you invest. Command / reminder 过马路之前，看清楚左右！ Before crossing, look carefully both ways! Rhetorical challenge 你真的看清自己想要什么了吗？ Have you really figured out what you want?

Answer 72

用力 (yònglì) means to use force or to exert effort/strength (physically). Usage & Meaning Verb/adverb: To use (physical) strength or force to do something. Often refers to doing something with extra effort, power, or energy. Can be used literally (pushing, pulling, lifting) or figuratively (working hard). Example Sentences 请用力关门。 Please close the door with force. (i.e., don’t be gentle—use strength.) 他用力把箱子搬起来。 He lifted the box with effort. 你不用那么用力！ You don’t have to use that much force! Common Collocations 用力气 (exert physical strength) 用力推 (push hard) 用力拉 (pull hard) 用力打 (hit hard)

Answer 73

xìn yǎng Noun: faith, belief, or religious conviction. It refers to a deep trust or belief in a religion, ideology, or value system, often with emotional or spiritual significance. 信 = to believe, trust 仰 = to look up to, revere Together, 信仰 conveys the idea of believing in and looking up to something greater — often spiritually, morally, or ideologically. Common Usages: Religious Faith: 她的信仰是佛教 - Her faith is Buddhism. 信仰自由 = freedom of religion Belief in Ideals: 他一直坚持自己的信仰 - He has always stuck to his beliefs. Not necessarily religious — it could be belief in justice, science, democracy, etc. Related Words: 宗教信仰 (zōngjiào xìnyǎng) = religious belief 坚定信仰 (jiāndìng xìnyǎng) = firm belief 失去信仰 (shīqù xìnyǎng) = lose faith In Summary: 信仰 refers to a deep, guiding belief, often in religion, but also in principles or ideologies. It carries a serious and respectful tone.

Answer 74

太 (tài) = too / overly 迟 (chí) = late / delayed 了 (le) = change‑of‑state particle 事情已经过了合适时间，来不及了 ① 独立叹息：太迟了！ ② 句中：现在说对不起太迟了。 vs. 太晚了 (tài wǎn le) - Not the same 日常口语多用太晚了（更口语化、时间点晚）。太迟了偏正式，强调“错过时机”。

Answer 75

弥 mí = fill, cover 补 bǔ = mend, patch To make good a loss, remedy a defect, or offset a shortfall. * 弥补损失 sǔnshī * 弥补过失 guòshī / 错误 cuòwù * 弥补缺陷 quēxiàn / 不足 bùzú * 弥补遗憾 yíhàn / 内疚 nèijiù 他努力工作来弥补以前的过失 - He worked hard to make up for his past mistakes. --- Structure: 1. 弥补 + object：想用金钱弥补情感上的缺失。 2. A 无法弥补 B：时间无法弥补对孩子的陪伴缺席。 3. 拿 X 来弥补 Y：用培训来弥补经验不足。道歉不足以弥补她受到的伤害。 An apology is not enough to make up for the hurt she felt

Answer 76

仗 zhàng = to rely on, wield 义 yì = justice, righteousness zhàng yì — “uphold justice / act with loyal righteousness” ① 见义勇为 — stand up for what’s right, even at personal risk ② 讲义气 — be loyal and ready to help friends --- 口语里常配 “够”：你真够仗义！ * 仗义 + 动词：仗义执言 zhàngyì zhíyán (speak out for justice) * 仗义疏财 zhàngyì shūcái — spend money generously to help others (成语) * 够仗义 / 很仗义 — colloquial praise of a loyal friend ---- * Stand up for friends and take responsibility * Speak up for the weak in public * The spirit of chivalrous in the context of Jianghu/Wuxia “讲义气” ≈ 兄弟感情；“仗义” 更指做对的事。 --- 他为陌生女孩出面制止骚扰，真仗义。 “He stepped in to stop a stranger being harassed—truly righteous.” 关键时刻他挺身而出，仗义执言。 “At the critical moment he stood up and spoke out for justice.” 老张够仗义，借钱给兄弟一点都不犹豫。 “Old Zhang is super loyal—he lends money to friends without hesitation --- 夸朋友：你真够仗义！书面成语：仗义疏财、仗义执言对比：义气(loyalty) ≠ 仗义(loyal + just) 场景：帮弱者、替朋友担责、见义勇为

Answer 77

“难以肯定” → maybe / there’s no telling / who knows. ----- A. 主语 + 说不定 + 述语（predicate） * 也许… - 他说不定已经到上海了 He might already be in Shanghai. B. 说不定 +（主语）+…** | * 把 maybe 提前，带提醒/建议语气 - 说不定明天就下雨，你带把伞吧。It may rain tomorrow—take an umbrella.” | C. X 也说不定 * 置于句末，收尾式推测 - 我周末去，星期五也说不定 - I’ll go this weekend—Friday’s possible, too.” 场景小贴士： - 给建议：带件外套, 说不定晚上降温 - 表达不确定情绪：他今天没回消息，说不定忙疯了。 - 缓和否定: 别灰心,下次说不定就成功 - 制造悬念：再等等，说不定有惊喜哦！ --- ❗️Note Negative: Maybe is rarely used; usually changed to definitely not. When replaced with maybe/possibly: Maybe is more colloquial and lighter in tone.

Answer 78

xī han 形容词: 稀少罕见 Rare, uncommon Examples: * 稀罕东西 xī han dōngxī (rare item) * 稀罕事 xī han shì (unusual event) * 这花在北方很稀罕 - This flower is quite rare in the north. 这是山里才有的蘑菇，很稀罕 - These mushrooms grow only in the mountains—pretty rare. ----------- 动词 (口语): 珍惜 / 看重 / 喜欢 To treasure, fancy Examples: * 稀罕 + 人/物 * 谁稀罕… (negative: who cares) * 奶奶最稀罕这只老茶壶: Grandma treasures this old teapot most. * 他特别稀罕老唱片: He’s really fond of vintage records. ----------- 口头俚语不稀罕！don’t care / don’t want it 常用于拒绝、表示嫌弃你那破手机，我可不稀罕！That shabby phone of yours— I don’t want it! 谁稀罕你的道歉？Who wants your apology anyway?

Answer 79

hé hǎo “make peace / be on good terms again” 重归于好、和解— after a quarrel or breakup, parties become friendly again. * 跟…和好 gēn … hé hǎo - Indicates the subject's initiative * 重新和好 chóngxīn hé hǎo * 两人 / 双方 + 和好了 - Describes the result * 把…关系 + 和好 (rarely used - change it to "修改感情") 他们吵了一架，但很快就和好了 - They had a fight but soon made up

Answer 80

xiàn xiàng Anything you can observe—a fact, event, or appearance in nature, society, psychology, etc. Precisely the same idea as Phenomenon: an observable fact or event. --- Difference: Formality: English phenomenon feels scholarly; Chinese 现象 is fine in both daily conversation and formal writing. Collocations differ: Chinese prefers 出现/产生现象; English prefers a phenomenon occurs / emerges * 自然现象 “natural phenomenon” * 社会现象 “social phenomenon” * 怪象 “an odd phenomenon” (lit. “strange appearance”) * 这种社会现象值得关注 - This social phenomenon deserves attention. * 时间久了，问题的本质才会在现象后面显现出来 - Over time the essence of the problem appears behind the initial phenomena. * 出现了一种罕见的自然现象 - A rare natural phenomenon has occurred. ---- Data Analytics “现象 xiàn xiàng” is perfectly natural in Chinese analytics writing, because what you have is an observable pattern that still needs an explanation. 支付后快速流失现象 “post‑payment rapid‑churn phenomenon” Why “现象” fits Observable – You can measure it in the data without yet knowing the cause. Neutral – It doesn’t imply judgment; it simply states “this is what’s happening.” Open to explanation – Later you can write: “要解释这一现象，我们测试了三种假设…” “To explain this phenomenon we tested three hypotheses …”

Answer 81

----------------------------------------------------- 1. 数量 ≥ “不少于 / 不止” 表示 “不少于…，至少…”，语气比 “至少” 更口语。不下 + 数字会议来了不下三百人 No fewer than 300 people came to the meeting. ----------------------------------------------------- 2. 容纳不下 / 写不下等动词 + 不下作结果补语：表示容不下、装不下、做不到。 V + 不下箱子太小，衣服放不下 - The suitcase is too small; the clothes won’t fit” 你的房子太小了，我们住不下我吃不下了 Difference to 不了：不下： “装不下 / 容不下” ≈ cannot fit / hold (capacity or quantitative limit) “做不完 / 办不到” 不了 ≈ cannot finish / cannot manage (ability, permission, conditions) -----------------------------------------------------

Answer 82

tán secretions (phlegm) coughed up

Answer 83

bítì Nasal mucus 鼻 nose + 涕 (old word for bodily fluid) * 流鼻涕 liú bí‑tì → have a runny nose * 擤鼻涕 xǐng bí‑tì → blow one’s nose * 鼻涕虫 bí‑tì‑chóng → lit. “snot slug,” i.e. a slug; also (kid‑talk) a cry‑baby 1. 孩子一直在流鼻涕 - The child’s nose keeps running. 2. 记得用纸巾擤鼻涕 - Remember to blow your nose with a tissue.

Answer 84

Cannot continue doing 下去 (xiàqù) can be used as a result complement to talk about things continuing or carrying on. Therefore 不下去 -> Cannot continue doing * 我干不下去了 - I can't do this anymore * 说下去 - Keep talking. * 这本书你一定要认真地看下去 - You must keep reading this book carefully. * 这样做很有意义，你应该做下去 It's very meaningful to do this. You should keep doing it. * 这个故事太无聊了，我听不下去了 This story is too boring, I can't keep listening. * 我跟他过不下去了，我要离婚 I can't go on like this with him. I want a divorce

Answer 85

A lot of direction complements, particularly compound direction complements, have additional idiomatic meanings beyond literally describing the direction of an action COME DOWN It's like can't get down where down is a conjuntion that not only means physcial but means to complete out 下 get down, 走 walk down, 静 calm, 坐 sit, 记 note, 降 lower - 单词背不下来 -

Answer 86

These are two types of Chinese pankakes 葱油饼 Scallion pancakes are chewy, heavily laced with scallions, and served whole. 手抓饼 Shǒu‑zhuā‑bǐng has far more oil layers, almost no scallions, and is prized for that “pull‑apart” flakiness.

Answer 87

kǒng jù ① Noun — fear, dread ② Verb — to fear / be terrified of An intense feeling of fear, terror, or dread triggered by danger, pain, or the unknown. * 恐惧感 kǒngjù‑gǎn = sense of fear * 深深的恐惧 = deep fear * 恐惧心理 = fearful mindset 他对高空有强烈的恐惧感 - He has a strong fear of heights. 对 … 恐惧 OR 恐惧 … * 对失败充满恐惧 = fear failure * 恐惧死亡 = fear death * 很多人对未知充满恐惧。 “Many people are full of fear of the unknown.” Overcome your fears: 战胜恐惧 → a dramatic, win‑or‑lose framing: fear is the enemy and you beat it. 克服恐惧 → a patient, problem‑solving framing: fear is an obstacle you steadily work past. Quick Tips for an English Speaker: 1. Think layout or arrangement when you see 布局. 2. The word often pairs with the thing being arranged: 布局 + 页面/空间/战略/棋局… 3. It suggests planning for the whole, not just placing items one by one.

Answer 88

Lúnyǔ 论语 = “The Analects of Confucius” It’s a classical Chinese book, recording the words and ideas of Confucius and his disciples. It’s one of the most important books in Chinese culture and philosophy. How to use 论语? 1. As a Proper Noun / Book Title Just like “The Bible” or “The Analects,” use it to refer to the classic text. Example: 你读过《论语》吗？ (Have you read the Analects?) 2. To Refer to Sayings or Teachings If someone quotes a wise saying from Confucius, they may say it’s “from 论语.” Example: 这句话出自《论语》。 (This sentence is from the Analects.) When NOT to use 论语: Don’t use it to mean any book, article, or quote in general—it’s ONLY this specific classical text. Don’t use it as a verb or to describe something you’re doing (“I am 论语-ing”—NO).

Answer 89

bùjú Literally means “to lay out” or “layout,” Carries a bit more of a planned, strategic sense than just “arrange.” Here’s how to think about and use it in English: It implies you’ve thought about an overall pattern or strategy and are placing parts to serve that bigger plan. 页面布局 - page layout - web/app UI: where buttons, text go 空间布局 - spatial layout / floor plan - interior design, architecture While 排列 or 摆放 can mean simply “to order” or “to place,” 布局 always carries a sense of an intentional, often strategic design. -- 我们先讨论整体布局 - Let’s discuss the overall layout first. 设计师对这个页面进行重新布局 - The designer is re‑laying out this page. 我们需要调整导航栏和侧边栏的布局 - We need to adjust the layout of the navigation bar and sidebar.

Answer 90

xíngtài “form” or “mode” in which something appears or is organized. It’s not about the content itself, but about how that content is shaped, arranged, or structured. “Form” or “Shape” When you talk about a plant’s 形态, you’re describing its physical shape or morphology. “Configuration” or “Pattern” In social or business talk, social 形态 or market 形态 means the overall configuration or pattern of how that society or market is organized. “Format” or “Structure” For data or documents, 数据 形态 or 文档 形态 refers to the format or structural layout in which the information is stored or presented. web版页面布局是当前真金casino平台的主流形态 Here, 形态 isn’t about content or functionality per se, but about the form in which the platform appears—i.e. its layout/configuration as a web page. 主流形态 tells you that this form (i.e. the web‑page presentation) is the dominant overall format of the platform today. Does not specify how the web page’s UI is arranged

Answer 91

zhǎn shì 动词 (verb): “to display,” “to show,” “to present” 名词 (noun): “a display,” “an exhibition,” “a showcase” 我们下周要向投资人展示新原型 - Next week we’ll showcase our new prototype to investors. 这个仪表盘可以清晰地展示关键指标 - This dashboard clearly displays the key metrics. 请在报告里展示这组数据的趋势图 - Please present a trend chart of these data in the report. 这件文物正在国家博物馆展出 - This artifact is currently on exhibit at the National Museum. --- display (general “show”) present (formal presentation) exhibit (museum/gallery) showcase (highlight, demo) 首页机台展示位较少 - The home page has fewer machine display positions

Answer 92

治 “treat” + 疗 “therapy” zhì liáo to treat / give therapy The whole therapeutic process—examinations, drugs, surgery, rehab. Focus on providing treatment, not the outcome. 医生为她制定了化疗治疗方案。Patient is receiving chemotherapy. ------------------------- 治 “treat” + 愈 “to heal, recover” zhì yù to cure / heal Successful outcome—the illness is gone or the wound has healed. Emphasises completion. 经过手术和放疗，肿瘤已被治愈。 After surgery and radiotherapy, the tumour has been cured. After months, the cancer is declared cured. ------------------------- 防治 fáng zhì 防 “prevent” + 治 “treat” to prevent‑and‑control / to prevent & treat Combined strategy: prevention + treatment. Used in public‑health campaigns, pest control, chronic‑disease management. 防治 = stop it + cure it as a public‑health package.

Answer 93

wùtǐ = any physical thing that has size, shape, and mass. It's like 东西 but emphasizes tangible, 3D things with mass and shape. It's more formal, or technical * Physics: 刚体物体、流体物体 * Geometry/Engineering: 3D solids, components * Computer graphics: 3D models (“objects”) Always countable as discrete objects (一个物体，两物体) Use 物体 when you’re speaking or writing about physical objects in a scientific, technical, or formal context—especially if you care about shape, motion, material, etc.

Answer 94

Great question! 坚固 (jiān gù) and 结实 (jiē shi) are both used to talk about things being strong, but there’s a sharp difference in how and when you use them: 坚固 (jiān gù) Meaning: solid, firm, sturdy, strong (often unbreakable or hard to destroy) Used for: Buildings, structures, walls, bridges, materials (metals, glass) Abstract things (坚固的友谊 “strong friendship”) Feeling: Emphasizes being very strong and durable, especially against breaking, destruction, or damage. Examples: 这座大桥非常坚固。 (This bridge is very sturdy/solid.) 坚固的城墙。 (Solid/strong city wall.) 坚固的基础。 (Solid foundation.) 结实 (jiē shi) Meaning: sturdy, robust, tough, well-built Used for: Things: furniture, shoes, clothes, rope, boxes, etc. People: someone’s body is strong/muscular/robust (他很结实 “He’s strong/well-built.”) Feeling: Emphasizes being tough, not easy to break, but more about practical daily strength or durability (not as much about withstanding destruction). Examples: 这张桌子很结实。 (This table is sturdy.) 这双鞋很结实，穿了好几年了。 (These shoes are tough, I’ve worn them for years.) 他身体很结实。 (He’s well-built/robust.) Summary: 坚固 = structurally strong, hard to destroy (buildings, materials, sometimes friendship) 结实 = sturdy, durable, tough (objects, people, daily things) Tip: For a bridge or a fortress, use 坚固. For a table, a pair of shoes, or someone’s physique, use 结实.

Answer 95

破损 (pò sǔn): Means “damaged” or “broken” (usually about objects, not people). It describes something that has cracks, tears, breaks, holes, or any kind of physical damage. Not for electronic failure (use 坏了), only for physical or visible damage. How to use 破损? Use it for packages, boxes, clothes, furniture, books, shoes, etc. Not for people, animals, or feelings. Structure [Object] + 破损了破损的 + [object] Examples 快递箱子破损了。 The delivery box is damaged. 这件衣服有点破损。 This piece of clothing is a bit damaged. 收到破损的商品怎么办？ What should I do if I receive a damaged product? 包装有破损，请当面检查。 The packaging is damaged, please check it in person. Key Tips Only use for physical, visible damage. Not for emotions, health, or electronics. If something stopped working (electronics): use 坏了 instead.

Answer 96

tǎn chéng Meaning of 坦诚坦诚 means honest and open. “坦” = frank, straightforward “诚” = sincere, truthful Together: frank + sincere =坦诚 = honest and open How to use 坦诚? Describes a person or an attitude Means someone is not hiding things, is open-hearted, says what they really think It is a positive trait Typical ways to use 坦诚 1. Describe a person 他很坦诚。 (He is very honest and open.) 2. Describe an attitude/way of communication 我们之间要坦诚一点。 (Let’s be a bit more honest with each other.) 3. Describe a conversation 坦诚的交流 (frank/open conversation) Set phrases 坦诚相待 (tǎn chéng xiāng dài) – “treat each other with honesty and openness” What 坦诚 is NOT It’s not just telling the truth—it’s telling the truth openly, without hiding, and with good intentions. Not used for legal honesty (that’s 诚实 chéng shí). Not used for “boldness” or “courage” (that’s 勇敢 yǒng gǎn). Super simple summary 坦诚 = open + honest Describes a person, an attitude, or a conversation Always positive Examples 我喜欢坦诚的人。 (I like honest and open people.) 你可以坦诚地告诉我。 (You can tell me honestly and openly.) 坦诚沟通很重要。 (Honest and open communication is important.) Pro tip: If you’d use “frank,” “open,” or “honest and open” in English, 坦诚 fits!

Answer 97

News papaer

Answer 98

zhǎnxiàn - with zero confusion: Meaning of 展现展现 = “to show,” “to display,” “to present,” or “to reveal.” It’s used for showing something clearly—like abilities, emotions, features, or results. When to use 展现 When something (or someone) becomes visible, obvious, or clear to others. Used for both concrete (things you can see) and abstract (qualities, feelings, talent) things. Can be for people or objects. Most common sentence patterns Subject + 展现 + Object (Somebody/something shows/displays something) 他在比赛中展现了实力。 (He showed his strength in the competition.) 这幅画展现了自然的美。 (This painting shows the beauty of nature.) 展现出… (to bring out/reveal…) 她在工作中展现出了很强的能力。 (She has shown strong abilities at work.) What NOT to use 展现 for Don’t use it for “show” meaning to perform (that’s 表演/演出). Don’t use it for “show” as in TV show (that’s 节目).

Answer 99

pái‑chá Sweep‑through screening to root out hidden problems Wide and systematic—often covers many items or cases in one go Find any anomalies, risks, or non‑compliance Process: 1. List all targets → 2. Screen one by one → 3. Flag and handle exceptions Outcome: A filtered subset needing follow‑up or remediation Exactly—排查 is about screening or sweeping through a set of targets to see if any problems exist. It doesn’t presuppose that you will find issues. The result can very well be “none found.” * 安全排查 ānquán páichá (safety sweep) * 疫情排查 yìqíng páichá (contact‑tracing sweep) * 税务排查 shuìwù páichá (tax audit sweep) ----------------------------------------- - forter 对nuvei 拦截排查 – 拦截: it will stop or hold any transaction flagged as potentially fraudulent. – 排查: it will then screen through (i.e. examine in bulk) those intercepted items (or possibly all transactions) to identify real threats. “PayPal 手续费传值排查” “Sweep‑inspection of PayPal transaction‑fee value transmissions.” In other words, you’re checking (或 screening) that the fee amounts PayPal sends (“传值”) to your system are all correct and flagging any discrepancies. - 政府对所有入口进行了安全排查 - The government conducted a safety sweep of all entry points. - 我们要对账户进行风险排查 - We need to run a risk‑screening sweep on the accounts. ---------------------------------------- 经过两天的排查，所有居民都符合健康要求，未发现异常。 Jīngguò liǎng tiān de páichá, suǒyǒu jūmín dōu fúhé jiànkāng yāoqiú, wèi fāxiàn yìcháng. “After two days of screening, all residents met the health criteria—no abnormalities were found.” 税务排查 (tax‑audit sweep) 税务机关对存在异常交易记录的企业账户开展专项排查。 Shuìwù jīguān duì cúnzài yìcháng jiāoyì jìlù de qǐyè zhànghù kāizhǎn zhuānxiàng páichá. “The tax authority launched a special sweep on corporate accounts with suspicious transaction records.” 网络排查 (network vulnerability sweep) IT 部门定期对公司服务器进行端口开放和漏洞排查。 IT bùmén dìngqī duì gōngsī fúwùqì jìnxíng duānkǒu kāifàng hé lòudòng páichá. “The IT department regularly sweeps the company servers for open ports and security vulnerabilities.”

Answer 100

1. 手续费 (shǒu xù fèi) Meaning: Service fee or handling fee The extra amount you pay for a transaction or service (e.g., bank transfer, buying tickets, online payment) When to use: Talking about fees charged by banks, platforms, or companies just for processing a service or transaction Not related to people’s earnings—this is the “cost” to the customer Example: 取钱要收10元手续费。 (Withdrawing money costs a 10-yuan service fee.) 这笔交易有2%的手续费。 (There is a 2% handling fee for this transaction.) 2. 委员会 (wěi yuán huì) Meaning: Committee A group of people organized for decision-making, managing, or discussing affairs When to use: Talking about an organization or group of people (not money!) Used for all types of committees—school, company, government, etc. Example: 他是学校委员会的成员。 (He is a member of the school committee.) 这个决定由委员会投票。 (This decision is made by the committee’s vote.) 3. 佣金 (yòng jīn) Meaning: Commission (as in a salesperson’s or agent’s earnings) The money paid to someone for helping complete a deal, sale, or business—the more you sell, the more you earn When to use: Talking about earnings of salespeople, brokers, or agents Not a “fee” the customer pays directly for the process, but what the agent earns from a transaction Example: 房产中介可以拿到2%的佣金。 (The real estate agent can get a 2% commission.) 这份工作主要靠佣金收入。 (This job mainly relies on commission income.)

Answer 101

总和 (zǒng hé) What does 总和 mean? 总和 = sum or total amount It means the sum of multiple numbers/things added together. It is a noun. How to use 总和? Structure: Can be used alone, or with 的, e.g., …的总和 Very typical examples: 所有学生的分数总和是950分。 The total score of all students is 950 points. 三个月的收入总和是多少？ What’s the total income over three months? 你们的年龄总和比我们大多了。 Your total ages are much more than ours. 这个班男生和女生的总和是40人。 The total number of boys and girls in this class is 40. When NOT to use 总和 Don’t use it as a verb. Always a noun! Wrong: 我总和一下 (Incorrect) Correct: 总和是… / …的总和 Don’t use for things that cannot be counted or added up. For ideas, concepts, or vague things, use “总数” or “总计” if appropriate.

Answer 102

fù zhí Verb: “to assign a value (to …)” or simply “to set” It can also be used as a noun. Programming / Math: x = 56 把 56 赋值给 x 我们将值 0 赋值给变量 we assign the value 0 to the variable On line 3, the code assigns the user’s input to the username field. 在第 3 行，代码将用户的输入赋值给 username 字段我不知道把什么值赋值没有数据的用户 Excel In Excel, dragging the fill handle assigns the same value to adjacent cells. 在 Excel 中，拖动填充柄会将相同的值赋值给相邻的单元格。

Answer 103

技能 (jì néng) Focus: an ability you HAVE ------------------------------------  技巧 (jì qiǎo) Focus: （clever) methods / Trick (When it means technique as well) - For example una tecnica de PUA Countable: 常说 一些小技巧 (“a few tips”). 写作技巧很重要 Writing techniques are important. 你有什么技巧吗？还是纯靠运气你不理解这个技巧？ PUA 就是约会技巧这种 ------------------------------------ 技术 (jì shù) Focus: technical knowledge, technology Scope: Broad, systematic know‑how; often involves science, machinery, industry. Objects: You “研发技术” (develop), “掌握技术” (master), “引进技术” (import).

Answer 104

1. Core Meaning 龙马精神 literally: "the spirit of the dragon and horse." Figuratively: Vigorous spirit, great vitality, full of energy and drive, high morale. Used to praise someone’s energetic, positive, or spirited attitude. 龙马精神 is rarely used for young people in practice. Details: Primary Usage: Mostly for elders or middle-aged people who remain energetic, active, or have surprising vitality for their age. It’s a respectful, slightly formal compliment, and in Chinese culture, youth are expected to be energetic, so there’s less need to emphasize it. Why not for young people? Complimenting a young person with “龙马精神” can sound odd, unnecessary, or even a bit exaggerated, unless you’re making a speech or being extra formal. For young people, phrases like 朝气蓬勃 (full of youthful spirit), 充满活力 (full of energy), or 精神焕发 (radiant with spirit) are more natural. Exception: If you’re in a very formal context (e.g., an official ceremony or award speech), you could use 龙马精神 for a young person, but it is not typical and may sound out of place. 2. Usage Contexts Compliment: Wishing someone health, energy, and drive. Well-wishing: Common in greetings, New Year messages, speeches, or when encouraging elders or colleagues. Formal and respectful: Suitable in both spoken and written Chinese, especially in polite/formal settings. 3. Typical Collocations & Grammar 祝你龙马精神！ (Wish you dragon-horse spirit!) = “Wish you great vitality!” (Like saying “Stay energetic!” or “Best of health!”) 他一直保持着龙马精神。 He always maintains a vigorous spirit. 我希望你新的一年里龙马精神。 I hope you have great vitality in the new year. Grammar: Functions as a noun phrase. Often after “祝你/您…” (wish you…) Can describe someone’s attitude: “他很有龙马精神” (He’s got great energy/spirit.) 4. Nuances & Extended Use Cultural: Combines the strength of the dragon (mythical power) and the horse (endurance, stamina) — both positive symbols. Not for negative or joking context. Always positive, high praise. 5. Example Sentences 祝您龙马精神，万事如意！ Wish you great energy and all the best! 奶奶虽然八十岁了，依然龙马精神。 Grandma is 80 but still full of vigor. 6. Sharp Usage Tips Use when giving blessings, especially to elders, leaders, or anyone needing encouragement. Very suitable in Spring Festival (Chinese New Year) cards, speeches, or business well-wishes. Not casual — it’s more formal or ceremonial than everyday chit-chat.

Answer 105

yuán mǎn 圆满 means: Perfect, satisfactory, complete with nothing missing or lacking. It describes something (a result, a process, an ending, a solution) that is finished very well and everyone is happy with it. Usually positive, no regret, no imperfection. How to use 圆满 1. Most common collocations (very native!): 圆满结束 (yuán mǎn jié shù) to end/finish perfectly 会议圆满结束。 (The meeting ended perfectly.) 圆满完成 (yuán mǎn wán chéng) to complete perfectly 任务圆满完成。 (The task was completed perfectly.) 圆满解决 (yuán mǎn jiě jué) to resolve perfectly 问题已经圆满解决。 (The problem has been resolved perfectly.) 圆满成功 (yuán mǎn chéng gōng) complete success 活动圆满成功。 (The event was a complete success.) 2. Sentence patterns [Event] + 圆满结束 / 圆满完成 / 圆满解决 / 圆满成功让...感到圆满 (make...feel satisfied/perfect) 3. When to use After meetings, events, tasks, or big problems, to say things went very well. To wish others success: 祝你圆满成功！ (Wish you complete success!) 4. When NOT to use Not for describing people directly. Not for food, objects, or simple daily actions. Not for “circle” shape (that’s 圆形).

Answer 106

bǐ shì Meaning 鄙视 = to despise, to look down on, to hold in contempt. It’s about thinking someone or something is low, not worthy, beneath you. It’s strong—much stronger than “dislike” or “don’t like.” Often involves a sense of moral or social superiority. How to Use 鄙视 Verb: Always describes an attitude toward a person, group, or action. Structure: [subject] + 鄙视 + [object] Examples 我鄙视说谎的人。 I despise people who lie. 他被同事鄙视。 He was despised by his colleagues. 不要鄙视别人。 Don’t look down on others. 她鄙视那些欺负弱小的人。 She despises those who bully the weak. Tips to Avoid Mistakes Not the same as 不喜欢 (“don’t like”): 鄙视 is much stronger—closer to “contempt.” Don’t use for objects or food—only people, groups, or actions. Usually negative: Shows a lack of respect; can be offensive if said directly to someone.

Answer 107

生肖 (shēngxiào) means the Chinese zodiac.

Answer 108

1. 失落 (shīluò) Adjective/verb: To feel lost, disappointed, or downcast; to lose something (emotionally or physically). It's used for both emotional states (“feeling down/lost”) and sometimes literal loss. - Spiritual emptiness or loss of sustenance To feel disappointed, empty, or “down” after a setback, loss, or unfulfilled expectation. It’s about the emotion of feeling incomplete, left out, or not valued, especially after missing out on something you cared about. Examples: 我只是觉得，你在这种特殊时候做我会觉得很温暖。但你没有做我就觉得有些失落。我懂你的失落。你心里会不会有点失落因为我的内心不够强大所以我尝尝感到失落听到这个消息后，他感到很失落。 (Tīngdào zhège xiāoxī hòu, tā gǎndào hěn shīluò.) He felt really down after hearing this news. 没被选上，她很失落。 (Méi bèi xuǎn shàng, tā hěn shīluò.) She felt disappointed she wasn’t chosen. 分手以后，他长期处于失落状态。 (Fēnshǒu yǐhòu, tā chángqī chǔyú shīluò zhuàngtài.) After the breakup, he was in a state of feeling lost/dispirited for a long time.

Answer 109

3. 角落 (jiǎoluò) Noun: Most common word for Corner; nook; a small, often hidden part of a room or place. Usage in real life: Talking about the physical corner of a room, street, or hidden/obscure places. Examples: 他坐在房间的角落里。 (Tā zuò zài fángjiān de jiǎoluò lǐ.) He sat in the corner of the room. 我发现了一只猫在角落里。 (Wǒ fāxiàn le yì zhī māo zài jiǎoluò lǐ.) I found a cat in the corner. 我们在这个角落找到了位置。后面来的伙伴如果没有位置，可以来这里

Answer 110

bù luò Noun: Tribe, clan, ethnic group (especially in an anthropological or historic sense). Usage in real life: Used when talking about ancient people, tribes, or groups with a shared culture/language, often in history, anthropology, or news about indigenous peoples. Examples: 非洲有很多不同的部落。 (Fēizhōu yǒu hěn duō bùtóng de bùluò.) There are many different tribes in Africa. 这个部落有自己的语言。 (Zhège bùluò yǒu zìjǐ de yǔyán.) This tribe has its own language.

Answer 111

- 不仅仅是性 -

Answer 112

chù fā 触发 = to trigger, to cause something to happen 触 means “touch” 发 means “send out,” “start,” or “happen” Together: 触发 means “something is caused (triggered) by an action or event.” How is 触发 used? 1. Technical/IT use (most common) Used a lot in tech, engineering, and science for “triggering” events, processes, or actions. Example: 点击按钮会触发警报。 (Clicking the button will trigger an alarm.) 这个操作会触发系统更新。 (This operation will trigger a system update.) 2. General use (still quite formal) Can be used in daily speech, but usually for “triggering” emotions, memories, or reactions. Example: 这个话题触发了我的回忆。 (This topic triggered my memories.) 他的笑声触发了大家的欢笑。 (His laughter triggered everyone else to laugh.) --- How to use without mistakes Use for things/events that “happen because of something else.” Don’t use 触发 for physical, direct “touch” (use 触 or 碰). 触发 is often technical/formal. In casual speech, “引起” (to cause) can sometimes be more natural. Pro tip: If you would say “trigger” in English, 触发 is usually right in Chinese, especially for systems, emotions, or reactions. Want to check a sentence? Just share it!

Answer 113

职责 (zhízé) means "duty," "responsibility," or "job responsibility." 职责 is normal and expected in work/business/formal settings. Friends/family usually just say 责任 (zérèn) or more informal words. Very common in formal or work contexts: * Job descriptions * Work meetings * Company rules * Official documents Example sentences: 这是我的职责 - This is my responsibility/duty. 他的主要职责是管理团队 - His main duty is to manage the team.

Answer 114

chū tóu Literally: "stick out your head," "emerge" In daily Chinese, 出头 often means: 1. To speak out or act on behalf of someone who is in trouble, being bullied, or needs help. 2. To stand up for someone’s rights. 3. To support, defend, or fight for someone. 3. In this context 我们为了你出头 "We are standing up for you." "We are defending you." "We’re going to bat for you." "We’ll support you (when you’re in trouble or being mistreated)." It means a group is actively supporting you and willing to help you face a problem or unfair treatment. If you want to use it in daily life: If your friend is bullied and you want to help, you can say this. In a work context, your colleagues can say this if they plan to support you in front of your boss. 我们为了你出头 (wǒmen wèile nǐ chū tóu) 1. Sentence meaning 我们 = we 为了你 = for you / on your behalf 出头 = to stand up for, to speak up for, to defend (someone), to take the lead in helping

Answer 115

酒肉 = alcohol and meat (things that are not allowed for strict Buddhists/monks) 穿肠过 = pass through the intestines (i.e., are eaten/drunk, pass through the body) 佛祖 = Buddha 心中留 = remain in the heart ------------------------- Outward actions (like eating meat or drinking wine) don’t matter as much as what’s in your heart. You can eat and drink (not strictly follow the rules), but as long as you have Buddha/goodness/kindness in your heart, you’re still a good person.

Answer 116

yī tuō 依托 together means: to rely on, to depend on, to base on, to be supported by As a verb (to rely on / depend on) - 依托父母生活 -Rely on parents for a living. As a noun (support / basis / backing) - 以科技为依托 - Using technology as a basis/backing/support. - 可能我觉得在我的心里面它是有一个依托 In formal/business/ government writing Often used to mean “based on” or “with the support of” - 依托大数据开展分析 - Carry out analysis based on (with the support of) big data.

Answer 117

Hòulái fāshēng yī jiàn tèbié shénqí de shì. 神奇 = magical, miraculous, amazing, extraordinary, incredible It’s used for things that feel almost supernatural or hard to believe because they’re so wonderful, lucky, or strange. 这个地方很神奇。 “This place is magical.” (like a fairy-tale) 事情发展得很神奇。 “Things developed in an amazing/unexpected way.” 他恢复得很神奇。 “He recovered in a miraculous way.”

Answer 118

páiliè 排列 is about physically or logically putting things in a specific order. Context: Sorting, lining up, arranging by order/shape 请把这些书排列好 - Please arrange these books in order. 数字按照大小排列 - Arrange the numbers by size. 安排 is about planning or making arrangements. * 我安排了明天的会议 - I scheduled/arranged tomorrow’s meeting. ----- Important to know 列, 列 (liè) - without change from traditional Original meaning: Row, line, column, to list or set in order Imagery: Think of a series of things one after another in a straight line (like a column or a train of things). Modern common meanings: A row, a column, to list, a train (列车 lièchē) Examples: 列表 (lièbiǎo) = to list, a list 列车 (lièchē) = train (like a row of cars) 列举 (lièjǔ) = to enumerate/list out 排列 (páiliè) = to arrange/arrangement (the “row/line” part)

Answer 119

青年 (qīngnián) Meaning: A noun meaning “youth,” “young person,” or “the young generation” (usually age 18–35).

Answer 120

zhou1 bian1 - literally means “around the edge” or “surroundings.” a) As a noun: - A 周边 - The area around… / vicinity / surroundings Examples: * 学校周边有很多餐馆 - There are many restaurants around the school. * 你住在公司周边吗？Do you live near (the area around) the company? * 成都周边，可以去乐山，高铁40分钟 As an adjective: - Peripheral / surrounding Examples: 周边地区 - Surrounding areas (e.g., “成都市周边地区” = areas around Chengdu)

Answer 121

周围 is more about the immediate area around something (close, all sides). And not used in terms of city or with the meaning of peripheria. It is not that geographic. 房子周围有很多树。 There are many trees around the house. (Means “in the immediate surroundings.”) - You do not mean that nearby there are trees, that we can go. For “the things right around you”: use 周围, or around something without a geographical or location purpose. But I think you also can. 你周围有没有单身小哥哥？

Answer 122

fànjú Real meaning in daily life 饭局 refers to a planned meal with a group of people, often for business, networking, socializing, or relationship-building. It’s not just any meal; it’s usually organized with a purpose (e.g. business, making connections, discussing matters, celebrating). ------ 今晚有个饭局 - There’s a dinner gathering tonight. (implies: with colleagues/friends/contacts, maybe important) 老板邀请我参加饭局。 The boss invited me to a dinner gathering. 在中国，很多生意都是在饭局上谈成的。 In China, a lot of business deals are made at the dinner table (during meal gatherings). Networking, business, building “guanxi,” sometimes negotiation or “doing business” More formal/strategic, sometimes with rules/etiquette Boss, colleagues, partners, clients, sometimes people outside your company Goal-oriented, often “business with food”

Answer 123

a scam, a fraud, a con, a trick Measure word: 场 It refers to a carefully arranged deception meant to cheat or trick people. Used for big or small scams, including financial frauds, online cons, love scams, etc. 这是一场骗局 - This is a scam. 他被骗进了一个骗局 - He was tricked into a scam.” 网络骗局 - Internet scam It can also be used metaphorically: 人生最大的骗局就是‘努力就会成功’。 “The biggest scam in life is the idea that ‘hard work always leads to success’.” (Suggesting that this belief can mislead people.) 幸福不过是一场骗局。 “Happiness is nothing but a trick/illusion.”

Answer 124

yǐnlì Literal meaning: Gravitational force (in physics) Core meaning: The natural force that pulls things toward each other—like gravity. Used mostly in scientific, technical, or metaphorical contexts. Examples: 地球的引力 (Earth’s gravity) 万有引力 (universal gravitation) ---- How is 引力 used metaphorically? It means a strong, irresistible pull—like gravity, but applied to people, feelings, ideas, or situations. - 引力 in metaphorical use emphasizes the inescapable, natural pull of something. - It’s less about surface appeal (吸引力) and more about a deep, unavoidable “draw” (like gravity). The feeling is of being drawn in naturally and powerfully, not just “attracted” but almost “pulled” by some force. 他的话对我有很大的引力。(“His words have a strong pull on me.” – a metaphorical use, less common) 这座城市对年轻人有一种无形的引力。 This city has an invisible pull on young people. (Suggests a force that draws people in, almost like gravity.) 她的性格对我来说有很强的引力。 Her personality has a strong pull on me. (More formal or poetic than 吸引力, which would be more natural in daily talk.)

Answer 125

**怀念 (huái niàn)** means **"to miss (someone/something from the past)"** or **"to cherish the memory of."** It expresses a deep, often sentimental longing for people, places, or things that are gone or no longer accessible. **Key Nuances & Grammar:** 1. **Subject + 怀念 + Object** – Used for missing something/someone from the past. - 我怀念家乡。(Wǒ huáiniàn jiāxiāng.) – *I miss my hometown.* - 她怀念童年的时光。(Tā huáiniàn tóngnián de shíguāng.) – *She misses her childhood days.* 2. **Often Used for Irreversible Loss** – Unlike **想念 (xiǎng niàn, "to miss someone you can still see")**, **怀念** implies the past is gone forever (e.g., a deceased person, a past era). - 我们怀念他。(Wǒmen huáiniàn tā.) – *We miss him (he’s passed away).* - 人们怀念90年代。(Rénmen huáiniàn jiǔshí niándài.) – *People miss the 90s (that era is over).* 3. **Formal & Emotional** – More poetic/literary than **想 (xiǎng)** or **想念 (xiǎngniàn)**. - 这首诗表达了对祖国的怀念。(Zhè shǒu shī biǎodá le duì zǔguó de huáiniàn.) – *This poem expresses nostalgia for the motherland.* **Examples in Context:** - **Missing a departed loved one:** - 每到春节，我就怀念爷爷。(Měi dào Chūnjié, wǒ jiù huáiniàn yéye.) – *Every Spring Festival, I miss my grandfather.* - **Nostalgia for past experiences:** - 我很怀念大学的日子。(Wǒ hěn huáiniàn dàxué de rìzi.) – *I really miss my college days.* - **Cultural/personal longing:** - 很多老人怀念过去的简单生活。(Hěn duō lǎorén huáiniàn guòqù de jiǎndān shēnghuó.) – *Many elderly people miss the simplicity of life in the past.* **Contrast with Similar Words:** - **想念 (xiǎngniàn)** – General "miss" (can be temporary, e.g., a friend abroad). - **思念 (sīniàn)** – Deep, often painful longing (common in love/poetry). - **回忆 (huíyì)** – "To recall" (focuses on memory, not emotion). **Summary:** Use **怀念** for sentimental longing toward **irretrievable past** people, places, or times. It carries a heavier, more nostalgic tone than casual "missing."

Answer 126

访谈 - fǎngtán Interview/conversation (media, research, in-depth) * 名人访谈 (celebrity interview) * 访谈 is usually for longer, in-depth, more formal or planned interviews, often with celebrities or experts (not random street interviews). * Entrevista a Andrew Tate en BBC 采访 - cǎifǎng Journalistic interview; cover news - 记者采访 (journalist interview) * Me pillan los del intermedio enla gran via y me entrevistan sobre alguna cosa 面试 - miànshì Assessment interview (job/school) 工作面试 (job interview)

Answer 127

* 标志 emphasizes "symbolic" meaning, representation, or “what it stands for”. * 标识 emphasizes "identification", “making something easy to tell apart”. Even though would have a different meaning, they would overlap when a symbol is also used as a label/identifier—for example, a traffic sign (physical object) or a company logo (as both a symbol and identifier). 标志 (biāo zhì) Meaning Sign, symbol, landmark, emblem Refers to something that represents, signals, or marks an important feature, event, or identity. Can be abstract (something that marks a phenomenon) or concrete (like a road sign or logo). Use * Used for events, phenomena, or milestones (“The first heart transplant was a milestone in medicine”). * Used for logos and symbols (“company logo”). * Used for physical signs (“road sign”). Examples - 这座建筑是这个城市的标志。(This building is a landmark of this city.) - 和平鸽是和平的标志。(The dove is a symbol of peace.) - 公司换了新的标志。(The company changed its logo.) - 红灯是停车的标志。(A red light is a sign to stop.) 标识 (biāo shí) Meaning Mark, label, identification Emphasizes the act of marking/identifying or the label itself, usually for clear identification or differentiation. More technical or functional, often used in technology, engineering, labels, tags, ID numbers, etc. Use Used when talking about labels, tags, identifiers (like QR codes, barcodes, ID numbers). Used as a verb: “to mark, to identify” (less common with 标志). Used in contexts of product packaging, machine labels, software, signage for differentiation. Examples 每个零件都有一个标识码。(Every part has an identification code.) 请给这些电线做好标识。(Please label these wires clearly.) 这种产品包装上有绿色标识。(This product’s package has a green label.) 软件用不同的颜色标识不同的功能。(The software marks different functions with different colors.)

Answer 128

zhuāng shì It is the word for DECORATE Noun (“decoration”) * [something] + 装饰 Verb (“to decorate”). * Subject + 装饰 + Object 我们用彩灯装饰房间。 We decorate the room with colored lights. 她喜欢用花来装饰头发。 She likes to adorn her hair with flowers. 圣诞装饰 Christmas decorations 墙上的装饰很漂亮。 The decorations on the wall are beautiful. 我们要买一些装饰品来装饰新家 We need to buy some decorations to decorate our new home. 春节的时候，家家户户都会装饰门窗。 During Spring Festival, every household will decorate their doors and windows. 装饰圣诞树 - Decorate the Christmas tree Noun - 节日装饰 - Festival decoration ----------------- Things you can 装饰 1. Spaces & Structures 房间 (rooms) 装饰房间 – decorate a room (e.g., for a party, holiday, or just to look nicer) 家/房子 (home/house) 装饰新家 – decorate a new home 办公室 (office) 装饰办公室 – decorate the office 商店/商场 (shops, malls) 装饰商店橱窗 – decorate store windows 2. Surfaces & Objects 墙壁 (walls) 装饰墙壁 – decorate the wall (with paintings, photos, etc.) 桌子 (tables) 装饰餐桌 – decorate the dining table (with flowers, tablecloths, candles) 门窗 (doors & windows) 装饰门窗 – decorate doors and windows (with banners, paper-cuts, etc.) 3. People & Clothing 自己/身体 (oneself/body) 装饰自己 – adorn yourself (with jewelry, makeup, accessories) 头发 (hair) 用花装饰头发 – adorn your hair with flowers 衣服 (clothes) 用饰品装饰衣服 – decorate clothes with accessories/ornaments 4. Events & Holidays 圣诞树 (Christmas tree) 装饰圣诞树 – decorate the Christmas tree 婚礼场地 (wedding venue) 装饰婚礼现场 – decorate the wedding venue 节日现场 (holiday locations) 装饰春节会场 – decorate the venue for Chinese New Year 5. Vehicles & Items 汽车 (cars) 装饰汽车 – decorate a car (for weddings, celebrations) 礼物盒 (gift boxes) 装饰礼品盒 – decorate gift boxes (with ribbons, stickers) 6. Digital/Abstract 网页 (web pages) 装饰网页 – decorate a web page (with images, themes) 文字/文档 (text, documents) 装饰文本 – decorate text (with emojis, formatting)

Answer 129

(zhuāngbàn) vs (dǎbàn) 装扮 is for disguises, costumes, themed/festive looks, or big changes (can be for people or things). ✔️ Costume party ✔️ Kids dressing as animals ✔️ Holiday decorations (less common) 打扮 is for everyday grooming, personal style, and looking nice ✔️ Getting ready for work ✔️ Kids dressing as (sometimes) ✔️ Saying someone is stylish ---- 她很会打扮。 She really knows how to dress up (look stylish). 你今天打扮得真漂亮。 You look beautiful today. 出门前要打扮一下。 Dress up a bit before going out. 她装扮成公主参加晚会。 She dressed up as a princess for the party. (costume/theme) 节日装扮 Festive decorations 他装扮成老爷爷去吓人。 He disguised himself as an old man to scare people.

Answer 130

nóngchǎng - farm In most cases, 农场 = farm (in English, “farm” covers both small and large, so this is fine in daily language). ---------- In modern Mainland Chinese, 农场 often refers to larger-scale, more organized farms—sometimes collective or state-run (like a ranch, plantation, or agricultural enterprise). Examples: 牧场 (mùchǎng = ranch), 茶场 (chá chǎng = tea farm/plantation), 国营农场 (state-run farm) For small, traditional family farms, Chinese might also use: 农家 (nóngjiā) – farmhouse, peasant household 田地 (tiándì) – fields/farmland 农田 (nóngtián) – farmland ----------- Examples 他在农场工作。 He works on a farm. 这家农场养了很多牛。 This farm raises many cows. 我们去参观了一个有机农场。 We visited an organic farm.

Answer 131

Core meaning of 除 (chú): To remove, get rid of, eliminate, or exclude Implies actively/proactively taking something away, especially something unwanted, unnecessary, or negative. -------------------------------- 去除 (qùchú) * Literal meaning: to remove, to get rid of * Nuance: General removal of something unwanted (physical or abstract) * Typical use: Stains, obstacles, doubts, etc. * Examples: ** 去除污渍 (remove stains) ** 去除疑虑 (get rid of doubts) -- 2. 清除 (qīngchú) * Literal meaning: to clear away, to clean out * Nuance: Emphasizes thoroughly cleaning, often physical but can be abstract. * Typical use: Garbage, obstacles, viruses, dangers * Examples: ** 清除垃圾 (clear away garbage) ** 清除障碍 (remove obstacles) 3. 消除 (xiāochú) Literal meaning: to eliminate, to dispel Nuance: Focuses on making something disappear, especially abstract things (emotions, effects, risks) Typical use: Fears, misunderstandings, doubts, stress Examples: 消除恐惧 (eliminate fear) 消除误会 (clear up a misunderstanding) 4. 排除 (páichú) Literal meaning: to exclude, to rule out, to get rid of Nuance: Focuses on removing something from a set, possibility, or situation; often logical or problem-solving. Typical use: Errors, risks, possibilities, dangers Examples: 排除故障 (troubleshoot/remove a fault) 排除干扰 (eliminate interference) 排除在外 (exclude from) 5. 解除 (jiěchú) Literal meaning: to lift, to remove, to relieve Nuance: Removing restrictions, conditions, bindings, or ending a state Typical use: Bans, alarms, agreements, duties, anxiety Examples: 解除合同 (terminate a contract) 解除警报 (lift an alarm) 解除武装 (disarm) 6. 除外 (chúwài) Literal meaning: to exclude, except for Nuance: Used to indicate “except for,” “not including” Typical use: Legal, formal, or written statements listing exceptions Examples: 周末除外 (except weekends) 未成年人除外 (minors excluded) 7. 删除 / 刪除 (shānchú) Literal meaning: to delete, to erase Nuance: Specifically refers to removing data, text, files, or records (digital or written) Typical use: Files, text, emails, records Examples: 删除文件 (delete a file) 删除信息 (delete information) 8. 除去 (chúqù) Literal meaning: to remove, to take away; except for Nuance: Can mean physically or abstractly removing; also used for “except for” in formal writing Typical use: Physical removal, math/statistics, sometimes in formal language for “except” Examples: 除去杂质 (remove impurities) 除去他，大家都到了 (except for him, everyone arrived)

Answer 132

qīngyì Literal meaning: lightly, rashly, without much thought/effort (It is different to 容易, Describes how difficult or easy something is—objective difficulty level. So it means you can get it done without much complication) Core usage: Emphasizes doing something without much care, thought, or caution; often with a hint that you shouldn’t do it so easily. Nuance: Suggests something is done too readily, hastily, or carelessly—often in negative or warning contexts. Typical use: * Don’t give up easily (meaning: don’t give up without a fight). * Don’t trust people lightly (don’t trust too easily). Examples: * 不要轻易相信别人 - Don’t trust others easily (so readily/without thinking). * 他不会轻易放弃 - He won’t give up easily (not just give up without effort). * 她轻易地答应了 - She agreed too readily (without much consideration). -- Real life examples: * 我不会轻易喜欢一个人 * 外面有很多人很坏，我不会轻易相信别人 * 不要轻易投资 * 老板不会把我轻易辞掉。因为之前有一个女生也是对我有意见的。之后老板把我留下了，把他辞掉

Answer 133

chēng‑wéi — “to call … / to be known as …” Por algunos llamado So-called 我们把这项技术称为"量子飞跃”。 We call this technique “Quantum Leap.” 这种鸟被称为"天空之王”。 This bird is known as “King of the Sky.” 在医学上，它被称为自体免疫反应。 In medicine it’s called an autoimmune reaction. ---- 叫 vs 称为 * 叫: Everyday, spoken, informal. * 称为: Formal, written, “bookish.” * 叫: Friends chatting: “We call him Tom.” * 称为: News, research paper: “This effect is referred to as the ‘butterfly effect’.” * 叫: X 叫 Y “X is called Y.” * 称为: X 被称为 Y (passive) or 把 X 称为 Y (active). Feels a bit longer and more official. * 叫: Extra meanings Also means “to shout,” “to ask someone to do something” (叫他来). * 称为: Rarely used outside the “call/name” sense. English vibe “call,” “name,” sometimes “nickname.” “be known as,” “be dubbed,” “be designated.”

Answer 134

A 增加 B (transitive) * 公司增加预算 - The company increased the budget. B 增加了 (intransitive) * 成本增加了20% - Costs went up 20 %. C 给 + 人 + 增加 + STH → most conversational. * 公司给我增加了压力。 Things: * 人数 (head‑count) * 数量 (amount) * 温度 (temperature) * 费用 (costs) * 压力 (pressure) * 机会 (opportunities) 自信 (self‑confidence) * 乐趣 (fun) * 难度 (difficulty) * 咳嗽 * 词汇量 It also include intangibles (But king of obtain a tangible meaning) Pressure (压力) A bar on a gauge that can slide upward You can put “more units” of pressure on someone. Self‑confidence (自信) A tank that can fill up You can pour extra confidence in. 增加压力 literally feels like “add more weight on the shoulders.” 增加自信 feels like “top up the confidence tank.” * 我首先要增加词汇量 * 我们公司的人数从 100人增加到 200人。

Answer 135

咳嗽增加了

Answer 136

bǐ3 shì4 means to despise, to look down on, to scorn, to regard with contempt. A. As a verb (most common): Subject + 鄙视 + Object Indicates the subject strongly looks down on or despises the object. 鄙视 carries a STRONG SENSE of “MORAL JUDGEMENT” Formal, written Examples: 他因为撒谎被大家鄙视。 He was despised by everyone for lying. 我鄙视说谎的人。 I despise people who lie. 他公开鄙视对手。 He openly scorned his opponent. 不要鄙视任何工作。 Don’t look down on any kind of job.

Answer 137

zhǔ3 jué2 “protagonist” (the most important person in a story, movie, play, or situation). 1. In stories, movies, TV: - Refers to the character with the most important part or the hero/heroine. - Can also be used for the actor playing that role. Examples: * 这部电影的主角是他 - He is the main character of this movie. * 谁演主角？Who plays the lead role? * 小说的主角叫小明 - The protagonist of the novel is called Xiaoming. B. (Metaphorically) In real life or figurative speech: Means “the center of attention,” “the main person,” or “the star of the show.” 他是今天晚会的主角 - He is the star/main figure of tonight’s party. USAGE * 主角 focuses on one or a few main roles; * In spoken and written Chinese, it’s used for both people and fictional characters. * 电影的主角 - main character of a movie Film/TV/drama/literature * 今天的主角 - star of today (event) Figurative, real life 主角光环 zhǔjué guānghuán “protagonist halo” (plot armor) Fandom, games

Answer 138

Within the last year,

Answer 139

消毒 (xiāodú) - Disinfect, sterilize Usage: Refers to the process of eliminating or deactivating harmful microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc.) to make something safe. Goal: Make something hygienic, reduce risk of infection. May not kill all germs; just lowers them to a safe level. Examples: 医生在手术前要消毒双手 - Doctors must disinfect their hands before surgery. 用酒精消毒桌面 - Disinfect the table with alcohol. 消毒液 (disinfectant) --------------------------------- 杀菌 (shājūn) Meaning: Kill germs/bacteria It carries the anti-biotic meaning. So it is used for animals and people treatment (Within the body), and others as well Usage: Focuses on the act of killing bacteria or germs (not necessarily viruses or fungi). Goal: Eliminate bacteria, often used for cleaning, personal care, or food. Emphasizes the killing action. Examples: 这种洗手液可以杀菌 - This hand sanitizer can kill germs/bacteria. 杀菌灯 (germicidal lamp) 牛奶杀菌处理 (milk pasteurization) Specifically for anti-biotics you should think about 抗生素

Answer 140

Best translation: Emotional State (Also incorporates some seriousness) 情绪 (qíngxù) Not just up or down—it’s about what specific emotion(s) a person is experiencing right now (happy, angry, sad, anxious, excited, etc.). It can describe one or many emotions, or even rapid changes between emotions. It often reflects the intensity, fluctuation, or (in)stability of someone’s feelings. Typical usage is: “他情绪很不稳定。” (His emotions are very unstable.) “她现在情绪很激动。” (She’s very emotional/excited right now.) “最近我的情绪比较低落。” (Lately I’ve been feeling down—here it focuses on the emotional intensity/state.) -- 情绪高涨 (qíngxù gāozhǎng) High spirits, uplifted mood (often in a group, like a rally or celebration) 积极的情绪 (jījí de qíngxù) Positive emotions 情绪稳定 (qíngxù wěndìng) Stable emotions (can be positive or neutral)

Answer 141

Best translation: Estado de animo. Like you said: It’s used to assess if someone is generally “up” or “down”—for example, “having a good day” or “a bad day,” or feeling generally cheerful or gloomy. It’s broad, overall, and stable over a period of time. Typical usage is: “你心情好吗？” (Are you in a good mood?) “今天心情有点低落。” (I feel a bit down today.)

Answer 142

qiáo2 bu qǐ3 Same as 看不起 (slightly more standard/neutral and used everywhere in the Chinese-speaking world) Meaning: to look down on, to belittle, to have no respect for Formality: Informal, everyday spoken Chinese 瞧不起: Milder, informal, “look down on,” often used when someone thinks another is inferior or not worthy. Typical use: Daily conversation, casual speech, among friends. Example: 他总是瞧不起我。 He always looks down on me. 是不是看不起阳哥日本人看不起中国人 - Japanese people look down on Chinese people. 哈哈瞧不起成都人

Answer 143

看不上 is about taste or preference, not respect or social status. Literal meaning: “Can’t look up to,” “can’t take a liking to” Core meaning: To not think highly of someone/something; to not consider someone/something good enough or up to your standard; to not value or fancy (often for relationships, jobs, things, etc.) Usage: Implies someone does not appreciate, does not accept, or doesn’t see as worthy/good enough. Can be about people, objects, jobs, romantic partners, etc. Often less about strong contempt and more about judgment, taste, or being “too picky.” 他看不上这个工作 - He doesn’t think this job is good enough for him. 她看不上我 - She doesn’t fancy me / She doesn’t think I’m good enough for her. 这台车太旧了，我看不上- This car is too old; I don’t want it / I don’t think it’s good enough. 其实我有点看不上中国男人

Answer 144

Same photo versus image 照片 = “photo/photograph” (only real-life images taken by camera) 图片 = “image/picture” (any type: photo, drawing, graphic, etc.)

Answer 145

官员 (guānyuán) Meaning: Official (as a person) Definition: Refers to an individual who holds a position or office in the government—a government official or officer. Usage: Used to talk about specific people who work in government roles. Examples: * 政府官员 (zhèngfǔ guānyuán) — government official * 高级官员 (gāojí guānyuán) — senior official * 那位官员发表了讲话 - That official gave a speech. --- 官员 Often emphasizes someone with a higher or official rank (managerial, decision-making, or leadership roles). Usually used for people with some authority (from low-level local officials up to top leaders). Less commonly used for low-level or purely administrative staff. 公务员 (gōngwùyuán) Funcionario (in Spain/Latin America) 官员 is a funcionario, but higher level. Can refer to anyone employed by the government, from entry-level clerks to high officials. More general—includes all civil servants, including administrative and technical staff, regardless of rank. funcionarios_not_guanyuan = [ "市政府行政人员", # Town hall clerk "公共图书馆助理", # Public library assistant "市政府技术员", # Municipal IT technician "公立中学教师", # Public high school teacher "公共医疗医生", # Health center doctor "公立医院护士", # Public hospital nurse "警察（基层）", # Local beat cop "市政府接待员", # City hall receptionist "市档案馆技术员", # Municipal archive technician "市政园丁", # City park gardener "消防员", # Firefighter "学校食堂厨师", # School cafeteria cook "公交车司机", # Municipal bus driver "公共办公室秘书", # Secretary in a public office ] ---------- guanyuan_examples_english = [ "mayor", "deputy mayor", "governor", "vice governor", "minister (e.g., of Education, Finance)", "deputy minister", "party secretary", "county chief", "district chief", "police chief", "chief of customs", "ambassador", "consul general", "head of a ministry department", "supreme court judge", "chairperson of the National People’s Congress", "director of a state bureau", "town mayor", "vice secretary-general of a city", "minister of public security" ]

Answer 146

Funcionario

Answer 147

官方 (guānfāng) Meaning: Official (as an adjective, “from the authorities”) Definition: Refers to something that comes from, or is related to, the government or authorities—official (statements, websites, documents, etc.). Usage: Used as an adjective or noun to describe sources, channels, or views that are formally issued or recognized by the government or authorities. Examples: 官方消息 (guānfāng xiāoxi) — official news 官方网站 (guānfāng wǎngzhàn) — official website 这是官方的说法。 This is the official explanation.

Answer 148

跟...似的 (gēn... shìde) is the same as pretty much the same as "像...一样." 似的 the is an auxiliary word, and it is used after a noun, a pronoun or an adjective and indicates something is similar to something else. Notice that here the 似 in 似的 can be pronounced shì or sì. This grammar pattern is used often in metaphors or similes, and it is often used in descriptive literature. 我觉得买公寓像跟买个衣服似的她们俩好得跟亲姐妹似的最近天气热得跟在蒸笼里似的别跟他似的一天到晚好吃懒做他做这个最拿手了，跟很轻松似的就做好了

Answer 149

si4 hu4 副词，意思接近 “好像”。用法也比较接近。“好像” 比较口语，比较书面语。 "似乎" 可以用于表示不十分肯定的判断或推测。老板今天似乎不太高兴 - The boss seems a little upset today. 你说得似乎很有道理 - What you said seems to make a lot of sense. 他似乎明白这句话的意思，却又说不清楚 - He seems to understand the meaning of that sentence while he couldn't explain well. 她似乎隐瞒了什么 - She seems to be hiding something.

Answer 150

màosì Core meaning: It seems that...; apparently; seemingly; it appears... 貌似 is a bit more informal and commonly used in online conversations, texts, and spoken Mandarin among young people. Used to indicate uncertainty, guesswork, or an impression based on appearance or situation. How to use: Usually used at the beginning of a sentence or before a statement, similar to “it seems that...” or “apparently...” Can be used to soften a statement or show you’re not 100% sure. 这家店貌似有套餐可以买这周天貌似都很好。而且他们两个男生貌似也只想找女生。我看完了，就是讲他约会一个男生，貌似这个男生对他没有兴趣。 A: 只有两个人吗 B: 貌似是

Answer 151

套餐 (tàocān) Core meaning: Set meal; combo; package (deal) Detailed explanation: In restaurants/food: - Refers to a set meal or combo meal—a fixed combination of dishes, usually at a special or discounted price. - Common in fast food, cafes, and lunch specials. Example: 麦当劳套餐 (Màidāngláo tàocān) — McDonald’s combo meal 2. In services/products: Refers to a package deal or bundle—a set of products or services sold together (e.g., telecom/data plans, fitness club memberships, travel packages, etc.). Example: 手机套餐 (shǒujī tàocān) — mobile phone service plan/package 案例： * 我给自己买了妇科检查套餐 * 我在看tims的外卖。点了一个套餐 * 这个套餐包含一个汉堡、一杯饮料和薯条 - This combo includes a burger, a drink, and fries. * 你用的是哪种手机套餐？Which mobile plan do you use? * 我买了一个旅游套餐。 I bought a travel package. * 你吃了什么呢？吃了套餐 * 这种就属于体检套餐

Answer 152

For status (like chat, service): use 在线. For mode/type (class, meeting, sale): use 线上. 线上 - offline 线上教学 - Online teaching (classes via the internet) 线上会议 - Online meeting (virtual meeting) 线上商城 - Online store (e-commerce platform) 在线客服 - Online customer service (typically chat-based) 你还在线吗？- Are you still online? 我现在在线 - I’m online now.

Answer 153

zhōngjiū, jiūjìng, bìjìng Must know: 究 always relates to the idea of deep investigation, or finding out the truth/reason. * 终究 (zhōngjiū): “sooner or later,” “in the end,” focuses on the final result. (Emphasizes the final, inevitable outcome after a process or over time) - 他终究还是放弃了: He eventually gave up after all. - 真相终究会大白: The truth will eventually come out. -- * 究竟 (jiūjìng): “exactly,” “on earth,” “after all” (mainly for emphasizing a question). It is true that it can sound impatient, critical, or annoyed, especially if you say it with a strong tone or during a tense conversation. If used in a neutral tone, it can just mean you want a clear answer. - 你究竟想说什么？What exactly do you want to say? - 他究竟是谁？Who is he, after all? -- * 毕竟: “after all,” explaining or justifying a situation (reminding someone of a key fact/reason). - 他毕竟是个孩子: After all, he’s just a child. - 这毕竟是你自己的选择: After all, this is your own choice.

Answer 154

(chóngfù) Verb (再做） * 照前面的练习一样，重复这五个步骤 → Repeat these five steps, as in the last exercise. * 你能不能重复一遍？- Can you repeat it once more? * 不要总是重复同样的错误 - Don’t keep repeating the same mistakes. 我刚才说的话，你再重复一下 - Repeat what I just said. ----- Adverb (重复地) - Repeatedly * 他重复地强调自己的观点 - He repeatedly emphasized his point of view. * 系统会重复地检查数据。 The system will check the data repeatedly. ---- Adjective * 这个工作太重复了。 This job is too repetitive. ---- Noun * 我们要避免内容的重复 We need to avoid repetition in the content.

Answer 155

提示 (tíshì) - Mention to show/reveal Core meaning: Prompt, reminder, tip, hint Gives a reminder, suggestion, or gentle alert about something. Usage: Often a small pop-up, on-screen tip, or system reminder in software/apps. Tells you to do something, reminds you, or gives you a gentle warning. Less formal and less “official” than 通知. Examples: 系统提示你输入密码。 The system prompts you to enter your password. 温馨提示：请注意安全。 Friendly reminder: Please pay attention to safety. 有一个新消息提示。 There’s a new message prompt/tip.

Answer 156

表示 (biǎoshì) Typical use: Expressing meaning, attitude, intent Core meaning: - For an define subject (Person, etc), or an abstract concept (data, results, actions, or words) - To express, to show (meaning or attitude) With people: Often used for what someone “says,” “shows,” or “means.” With things: What it indicates, means, reveal. Examples: * 他点头表示同意 - He nodded to indicate/express agreement. * 公司表示对客户的关心。 The company expressed concern for its customers. * 他表示有意向远程办公 - He expressed intention to work remotely. * 他表示同意。 He expressed agreement. * 经理表示感谢 - The manager expressed thanks. * 他们表示会支持这个计划 - They indicated they will support this plan. ----- * 这句话表示什么？What does this sentence mean? * 结果表示我们的方法有效。 The results indicate our method is effective. (It seems common for emojis or numbers like 666) * 表示无语 * 表示安慰

Answer 157

显示 (顯示, xiǎnshì) Core meaning: To display, to show (visually or clearly), to demonstrate (can be a verb or noun) Usage: Used for showing something visibly, often on screens, monitors, or data output. Can also mean “to demonstrate (a quality, data, etc.) clearly.” Examples: 屏幕上显示出错误信息。 An error message is displayed on the screen. 数据显示他取得了很大进步。 The data shows he made great progress. 显示器 (xiǎnshìqì): display/monitor (device)

Answer 158

(契約, qì4 yuē1) 合同 is the standard, most widely used word for any legal contract in today’s China. 契约 is more formal, literary, or historical; used in legal jargon or to sound solemn, but rarely in daily conversation.

Answer 159

塞维利亚 ya4 - Sevilla ge lun bi ya4 - Colombia 瓦伦西亚 bi ya4 di --> BYC car company

Answer 160

情况 (qíngkuàng): Like saying, “What’s the overall story/scene/background?” It is very similary 1. Circumstances 2. Situation when is about the overall situation, not necessarily measurable. * Does not require precise measurement. * Focuses on the overall background, scene, or context. * Can be subjective, broad, and cover multiple factors. * Answers the question: “What’s the situation overall?” (story, context, or big picture) ----------------- 状况 (zhuàngkuàng): 状况 is about measurable, diagnosable, concrete conditions. Like saying, “What’s the current, concrete status/condition?” - Often involves something measurable, observable, or diagnosable. - Used when you can make a judgment based on specific conditions, facts, or numbers. - Usually concrete and focused: health, traffic, machine, weather, etc. - Answers the question: “What is the current, measurable state or problem?” ---------------------- 状态 - (狀態, zhuàngtài) - It means state / mode * The computer is in sleeping state * He was in a goo state/form during the game State; status; mode; (condition in the sense of “mode/phase”) Describes the status, mode, or “state” of a person, thing, or system (can be mental, physical, technical, operational). Focuses on the way something “is” at a certain time—mental state, machine status, operating mode, etc. Often used for internal, ongoing or technical status. * 他今天状态很好 - He’s in great shape/good form today. * 电脑进入了休眠状态 - The computer has entered sleep mode. * 机器现在处于工作状态 - The machine is in working status now.

Answer 161

(等級, děngjí) Core meaning: * Level; rank; grade; class; tier Detailed explanation: 等级 refers to the category or position in a hierarchy, usually arranged from lower to higher. Used to describe levels of quality, rank, authority, difficulty, achievement, social status, etc. Can be used in many fields: education, work, games, products, military, social classes, etc. Examples in daily life: * 职员等级 - Staff ranks (in a company) * 产品等级 - Product grade/quality level * 会员等级 - Membership tier * 等级制度 - Grading/ranking system; hierarchy * 危险等级 - Danger level * 等级考试 - Level/rank exam (e.g., language proficiency, music) Usage in sentences: * 他的职位等级很高 - His job rank is very high. * 这个产品有三个等级：高、中、低 - This product has three grades: high, medium, low. * 通过考试可以提升你的等级 - You can raise your level by passing the exam. * 要看医生的等级，等级越高越贵

Answer 162

shēngjí To upgrade; to promote; to level up - 升 = rise, go up - 级 = level, grade, rank So, 升级 literally means “to move up a level/rank.” For: Software, games, services Formal move up one level/version echnology/Software: To upgrade software, systems, or hardware to a new version. Example: 软件升级 (ruǎnjiàn shēngjí) — software upgrade 系统升级 (xìtǒng shēngjí) — system upgrade Games: To level up a character or account. Example: 角色升级 (juésè shēngjí) — character level up 升级打怪 (shēngjí dǎ guài) — level up and fight monsters Work/Position: To be promoted to a higher position or rank. Example: 他被升级为经理。 He was promoted to manager. Product/Service: To upgrade features, quality, or service level. Example: 产品升级 (chǎnpǐn shēngjí) — product upgrade * 升级软件 (upgrade software) * 账号升级 (account level up) * 四川银行将于 20-27号会进行系统升级 * 用户升级 (user level-up) * 用户升级行为与长期留存之间的关系 - The relationship between user level-up behavior and long-term retention * 你应该把手机系统升级到最新版本 - You should upgrade your phone system to the latest version. * 游戏里要多做任务才能升级 - You need to do more tasks in the game to level up. * 公司最近升级了服务质量 - The company has recently upgraded its service quality. * @Leo (Leo) 下午八点以后都可以，升级完了我们上客户端检查一下就行 @Leo, any time after 8 PM is fine. After the upgrade is done, we just need to log into the client and check.

Answer 163

Hua2 wei4 - Phone/car brand

Answer 164

* 共产 = common ownership of the means of production (socialist/Marxist principle) * 党 = political party As subject or modifier 共产党领导 (the Party leadership) 党的政策 (the Party’s policies) 共产党党员 (Communist Party member) Respectful (neutral) tone: Treat as you would “Democratic Party” or “Labour Party”—avoid slang or derogatory modifiers in formal contexts.

Answer 165

Core meaning of 需求 Demand; need; requirement Can refer to market demand, user needs, project requirements, or personal/professional needs. Sharp, native-style usage 1. In business or project reports: 我们要深入了解客户的需求。 We need to deeply understand our clients’ needs. 产品设计要以用户需求为导向。 Product design must be guided by user needs. 2. When discussing priorities or decision-making: 根据实际需求调整计划。 Adjust the plan according to actual needs. 市场需求正在不断变化。 Market demand is constantly changing. 3. In meetings or proposals: 明确需求，才能高效推进项目。 Only by clarifying the requirements can we move the project forward efficiently. 本次会议的重点是梳理各方需求。 The focus of this meeting is to sort out all parties’ needs. 4. For analysis and strategic thinking: 需求分析是产品开发的第一步。 Needs analysis is the first step in product development. 优先满足核心需求。 Prioritize meeting the core needs. Professional collocations and phrases: 客户需求 — customer demand 用户需求 — user needs 市场需求 — market demand 需求分析 — needs analysis 满足需求 — meet/satisfy the need 挖掘需求 — uncover needs 个性化需求 — personalized needs High-level communication tips: Be clear and direct: Use 需求 to specify what’s required, rather than vague words like “想要” (want) or “需要” (need, less formal). Combine with analysis/action words: 明确需求 (clarify needs), 挖掘需求 (uncover needs), 满足需求 (satisfy needs), 优先需求 (priority needs). Reference stakeholders: 客户、用户、团队、市场 (customer, user, team, market). Summary Table Context Native phrase Sharp translation Business plan 根据客户需求优化产品。 Optimize products based on client needs. Team meeting 先明确需求，再制定方案。 Clarify needs first, then plan. Analysis 做好需求分析，规避无效投入。 Do thorough needs analysis to avoid wasted effort. Key point: 需求 is a high-level, sharp, and actionable word—use it to sound focused and businesslike. Let me know if you want more examples for your field (tech, consulting, product, etc.)!

Answer 166

What does 百姓 mean? Literal: “Hundred surnames” Actual meaning: The ordinary people; the masses; common people (i.e., regular citizens, not officials or elites) It is a respectful, slightly formal/literary way to refer to the general public—especially in government, news, or cultural discussion. How to use 百姓 like a native: 1. In formal/public discussions (government, policy, news): 政府要关心百姓的生活。 The government should care about the lives of ordinary people. 百姓的疾苦要被认真对待。 The hardships of the people must be taken seriously. 2. In contrast with officials or authorities: 官员要倾听百姓的声音。 Officials should listen to the voices of the people. 3. Talking about benefits/policies for the people: 新政策给百姓带来了实惠。 The new policy has brought real benefits to the people. 这项改革真正考虑到了百姓的需求。 This reform truly takes into account the needs of the people. 4. Literary or high-level speech: 国以民为本，民以食为天，百姓安居乐业，国家才能长治久安。 A country is founded on its people; the people take food as their heaven. Only when the common people live and work in peace can the country enjoy lasting stability. 5. Phrases and collocations: 百姓生活 — the life/livelihood of the people 百姓利益 — the interests of the people 百姓呼声 — the voice of the people ----- 老百姓 (lǎobǎixìng) Literal: “Old hundred surnames” (the ordinary folks) Meaning: Regular folks; common people (colloquial, warm, down-to-earth) Tone: More colloquial, affectionate, vivid, and commonly used in everyday speech, TV, interviews, and to create a sense of closeness or sympathy. Connotation: Highlights the perspective and everyday life of individual people; feels “closer” and more personal. High-level usage examples: 新政策要真正让老百姓得实惠。 The new policy should truly benefit ordinary folks. 老百姓关心的是物价和医疗。 What regular people care about are prices and healthcare. When to use which: In reports, government documents, or news headlines: Use 百姓 for a more respectful and official tone. In TV interviews, public communication, or when showing empathy or closeness: Use 老百姓 to sound more grounded and people-centered.

Answer 167

Yī1 hū1 bǎi3 yìng4 (yīhūbǎiyìng) Meaning of 一呼百应 Literal: “One call, a hundred responses.” Figurative: When someone commands great influence or respect, so that as soon as they call out, many people respond enthusiastically. Describes a leader, organization, or cause that easily gets widespread, willing support. Typical usages: 1. Describing a person (esp. a leader): 他在公司里威望很高，一呼百应。 He’s highly respected in the company—whenever he asks, everyone responds right away. 2. Describing an organization or team: 这个志愿者团队一呼百应，大家都愿意参加活动。 This volunteer team gets immediate support—everyone is eager to join whenever they put out a call. 3. Describing influence or cohesion: 领导的号召力很强，做到了一呼百应。 The leader has strong appeal and achieves immediate, widespread support. 4. In writing or formal speeches: 一个卓越的领导者必能一呼百应，凝聚人心。 An outstanding leader can always rally support with a single call, uniting people’s hearts. How to sound high-level and natural: Use in work reports, evaluations, or leadership praise. Use to commend group cohesion or someone’s charisma. Avoid using it for trivial things; it carries weight and should describe meaningful influence. Template for usage in business/reporting: [某人/组织] 能够一呼百应，充分展现了其号召力和团队凝聚力。 [Someone/organization] is able to get immediate, widespread support, fully demonstrating their appeal and team cohesion. ------ 🏙️ Case Study: Yuhang District's Coordinated Urban Management In August 2022, Yuhang District launched a comprehensive campaign to enhance urban management and sanitation in preparation for the city's requalification as a "civilized city." The district's administrative enforcement command center issued directives, and various departments, including sanitation workers and enforcement teams, responded promptly and collaboratively. This swift and unified action exemplifies the essence of 一呼百应, where a single directive mobilized multiple departments to act in concert.

Answer 168

收集 (shōují) Core meaning: Recolectar To collect; to gather Detailed explanation: 收 = to receive, to collect 集 = to gather, to assemble 收集 means to bring together things, information, data, or objects from different places or sources. It can refer to collecting physical objects, information, data, feedback, evidence, samples, etc. - 我们正在收集用户反馈。 We are collecting user feedback. - 请收集所有的证据。 Please collect all the evidence. - 他喜欢收集邮票。 He likes collecting stamps. - 研究人员需要收集更多的数据。 Researchers need to collect more data. - 问题收集表 - 提前收集问题 - raider 碎片收集实验预分析

Answer 169

Refers to a person’s education, manners, upbringing, self-discipline, knowledge, and overall level of civility. * 素质不好 / 没有素质 - It usually implies you are uncivilized, rude, have poor manners, are disrespectful, lack proper upbringing, or don’t know how to behave properly in society. * 他的素质很高。He is well-educated/cultivated/civilized. * 我觉得你在外面素质不好 * 不礼貌。很没有素质 * 那你心里素质越来越好 * 素质低 ----- What the person does: He immediately stands up and offers his seat to the elderly person, with a smile. He waits in line patiently, speaks quietly, doesn’t litter, and says “thank you” and “excuse me” politely. How people describe him: “这个小伙子素质很高。” (This young man is very well-mannered/civilized.) ---------- Situation: At a public park, there are clear signs saying “Don’t litter.” What the person does: She throws trash on the ground, talks loudly on the phone, cuts in line for the restroom, and shouts at the staff when corrected. How people describe her: “她素质太差了。” (Her manners/civility are really poor.)

Answer 170

1. Calm and Composed (沉稳冷静) Doesn’t get flustered easily, remains steady under pressure Handles problems or emergencies calmly 2. Confident but Modest (自信而谦逊) Shows self-assurance, but never arrogant or boastful Knows his strengths but stays humble 3. Cultivated and Educated (有修养/有学识) Is knowledgeable, well-read, and appreciates art or culture Behaves politely and with refinement, especially in public 4. Responsible and Reliable (有责任感/值得信赖) Fulfills promises, takes care of family and friends Is dependable in work and life 5. Strong Presence or Charisma (有气场/有魅力) Has a magnetic, trustworthy “aura” or presence May be quietly charismatic or have leadership “vibe” 6. Gentlemanly and Respectful (有绅士风度/尊重他人) Treats others with respect, especially women and elders Is courteous, considerate, and knows how to behave in various settings 7. Well-Groomed and Presentable (仪表整洁得体) Dresses simply but appropriately, is clean and neat Doesn't rely on flashy brands but always looks presentable

Answer 171

连续 (lián xù) Meaning: "Continuous," "consecutive," or "uninterrupted." As an Adjective: Describes events, actions, or objects occurring without breaks or intervals. * Used before a number/period: 连续+number+measure word (e.g., 连续两次, 连续三年) As an Adverb: Consecutively do / continue to do - Indicates that something happens one after another without pause. * As an adverb: 连续+verb (e.g., 连续发生, 连续努力) Usage Examples: 他连续工作三天 (He worked for three consecutive days）连续不断的雨使得道路湿滑 (The continuous rain made the roads slippery) 他连续咳嗽了十分钟。 He coughed continuously for ten minutes. 连续12天上班了我要连续上班9天连续 + 上班 + X + 天 is more natural

Answer 172

品质 (pǐnzhì) Core meaning: Quality; character; caliber Detailed explanation: * 品 = product, character, grade * 质 (質) = quality, substance 品质 refers to the overall quality or grade of something. It can be used for products, materials, services, etc. Product/service quality: 这个产品的品质非常高。 The quality of this product is very high. 我们重视服务品质。 We value the quality of our service. Personal character: It can also refer to a person’s character or moral quality (but in this sense, it sounds a bit formal or written). 他的人品和品质都很好。 His character and moral quality are both excellent. 诚信是一种重要的品质。 Integrity is an important quality (of character). 钱很重要，但是我觉得一个人的品质比金钱更重要 ------------ Native tip: 质量 is what you check in a factory; 品质 is what you feel in a luxury store. 质量 can be high but 品质 average (e.g., a safe, reliable but plain product). 品质 can be high when design, feel, reputation, or class are outstanding—even if not every technical spec is perfect. In short: 品质 = grade/class/feel/brand “quality” 质量 = technical/measurable quality/standard

Answer 173

We need to set/define priorities. 优先级 (yōuxiānjí) = priority, level of precedence This is the most direct and formal phrase for workplace or project discussions.

Answer 174

* 代: substitute; era; generation * 价: price; value; cost; worth 代价 [dài jià] → price; cost - refers to the sacrifice you make for something, which can be money or something else. For example, if you devote yourself to work, the cost is that you spend less time with your family. Another example is, if you kill someone, you must pay with your life, and the life is the price of killing someone. How to use it 不惜任何代价 - prepared to pay any price; at any cost; at all costs; * SB + (为 + Something) + 付出 * 以 + STH + 为代价 + Do sth: Do sth at the cost of STH else * 付出 + 代价 → Pay the price of OR 付出 + Something + 代价 (Cost in terms of something) --- Examples * 他为成功付出了很大的代价。He paid a high price for his success. (sacrifices, hard work, etc.) * 我们不能以健康为代价去赚钱 - We can’t make money at the cost of our health. * 这是用生命换来的代价。This is a price paid with lives. * 付出很高代价 - pay a high price (for) * 他们现在正在为过去的错误付出代价 - They're now paying the price for past mistakes. * 付出了很大的生命代价 - The cost in terms of human life was high. * 我再给代价一个场景，比如我现在想擦桌子

Answer 175

摄影 (shèyǐng) Meaning: Photography (as an art, profession, or serious activity) Nuance: Emphasizes the art, craft, or technical skill of taking photos (or videos). Used for professional, artistic, or serious hobby contexts. Also used for cinematography (shooting films, documentaries). Typical phrases: 摄影师 (shèyǐng shī) — photographer (professional/artist) 摄影展 (shèyǐng zhǎn) — photo exhibition 摄影技术 — photography technique Examples: 他喜欢摄影，周末常常去拍风景。 He likes photography and often goes to shoot landscapes on weekends. 她是一名摄影师。 She is a photographer. 拍照 (pāizhào) Meaning: To take a picture; snap a photo (casual action) Nuance: Refers to the act of snapping a picture (with a phone, camera, etc.). Used for daily, casual, or personal photography. Focuses on the action rather than the art or technical skill. Typical phrases: 用手机拍照 — take a picture with a phone 拍照留念 — take a picture for memory

Answer 176

jù4 yǒu3 To possess; to have (a certain feature, quality, or attribute) Used for abstract qualities, features, abilities, or characteristics Not used with concrete, countable things Often used in formal, academic, business, and technical contexts 这项技术具有广泛的应用前景 - This technology has broad application prospects. 他具有很强的领导能力 - He possesses strong leadership skills. Common collocations: 具有能力 (possess ability) 具有特点 (have characteristics) 具有优势 (have an advantage) 具有意义 (be meaningful) 具有潜力 (have potential) 具有风险 (carry risk) 具有创新性 (have innovativeness) 具有影响力 (be influential) 具有代表性 (be representative)

Answer 177

ai4 qing2 Romantic love (the emotion and relationship between lovers, partners, or spouses) - 爱 is also a verb (and a noun) and it is also other types of love It’s always precise, neutral, and standard—never old-fashioned or strange. Common, precise collocations and phrases: 真挚的爱情 — true, sincere love 纯真的爱情 — pure love 伟大的爱情 — great love 幸福的爱情 — happy/lucky love 坚贞的爱情 — steadfast love 美好的爱情 — beautiful love 追求爱情 — pursue love 渴望爱情 — long for love 拥有爱情 — to have love (in one’s life) 失去爱情 — to lose love

Answer 178

点击 (diǎnjī) – verb “to click” “用户点击了横幅广告。” Users clicked the banner ad. 点击量 (diǎnjī liàng) or 点击次数 (diǎnjī cìshù) – noun “number of clicks” “这条推文的点击量/点击次数是 5,000 次。” This tweet got 5,000 clicks. 点击率 (diǎnjī lǜ) – noun “click‑through rate (CTR)” “这次投放的点击率只有 1.2%。” The click‑through rate for this campaign was only 1.2%.

Answer 179

打击 (dǎjī) “to strike; to deal a blow” Often used figuratively for setbacks or emotional blows: “这次考试真是对我打击太大了。” “被老师批评了一顿，心里有点小打击。”

Answer 180

As a root, 备 means “to prepare,” “to have ready,” “to equip,” or “to be equipped with.” --- 备用 (bèiyòng) literally means “set aside for use” or “kept in reserve.” In a tech‑company or team context it often refers to spare parts, backup resources, or fallback plans. Using it sharply means you reserve just enough to cover emergencies—no more, no less. --- Usage tips Specificity: Always state what is being kept in reserve (“备用 X”). Condition: Often used with “以备…” structures: “我们在生产环境旁放了备用服务器，以备故障切换。” No over‑stock: 备用 implies just enough—you don’t “备” every item, only critical ones. Verb or adjective: Verb: “把新硬盘备用起来。” Adj: “这是备用硬盘，平时不使用。” ---- 请把这份文档打印好备用。 Please print this document and keep it in reserve. 我们先把几瓶矿泉水备用，会议开始时再发放。 Let’s set aside a few bottles of water as spares; we’ll hand them out when the meeting starts. 培训教材打印两份，一份使用，一份备用。 Print two copies of the training materials—one for use and one kept in reserve. 中文：忘记主账号密码后，请用备用账号登录到测试环境。 EN: If you forget the primary account’s password, please use the alternate account to log into the test environment.

Answer 181

Back up choice

Answer 182

Bīng1 mǎ3 yǒng3 Terracota warriors

Answer 183

布 originally means “cloth”; extended two ways: arranging/spreading and announcing/distributing information. --- 置 (zhì) Put; place; set; arrange; position * Refers to putting or setting something somewhere. * Implies arranging or positioning with some intent. -- bùzhì - literally means “to lay out” or “to arrange,” and in daily Chinese it has two main senses: 1. 装饰、摆设、安排环境 to decorate or set up a space 布置房间: decorate or arrange the furniture and ornaments in a room. 例：孩子们动手给教室布置了鲜花和气球。布置会场／展台: arrange chairs, tables, banners, etc., for a meeting, exhibition, party. 例：工作人员正在布置年会会场。布置节日装饰: put up festival decorations. 例：春节前大家忙着布置家里的红灯笼。 2. 分配任务、安排工作或学习 to assign tasks or arrange work 布置作业: teacher assigns homework. 例：老师布置了两篇阅读理解作业。布置任务: manager delegates tasks to team members. 例：经理布置了下周的项目目标给每个小组。布置演练／演习: arrange drills or rehearsals. 例：安全员布置了全公司的应急疏散演练。

Answer 184

Context: 声 (shēng) Meaning: sound, voice, tone, noise 响 (xiǎng) Meaning: to make a sound, loud, echo ------------- 1. 大声 (Just loud, regardless of quality) Use it for volume only, often when complaining, instructing, or describing noise. Common scenes: Kids shouting, someone being noisy, asking someone to be quieter. Example sentences: 请不要大声喧哗。(Please don’t talk loudly [make noise].) 他大声喊我的名字。(He shouted my name loudly.) 上课的时候不能大声说话。(You can’t speak loudly in class.) Compelling communicator tip: Use 大声 when you want to talk about noise or volume, not about how clear or beautiful the sound is. 2. 响亮 (Loud AND clear, impressive, positive) Use it to praise or highlight clarity and power—usually a good quality. Common scenes: Complimenting a speaker’s voice, a clear laugh, or a strong, inspiring announcement. Example sentences: 她的声音很响亮，大家都能听见。(Her voice is loud and clear; everyone can hear her.) 他的回答很响亮，充满自信。(His answer was loud and clear, full of confidence.) 孩子们唱得非常响亮。(The children sang very clearly and powerfully.) Compelling communicator tip: Use 响亮 when you want to impress listeners with how powerful and clear the sound is—like on stage, in speeches, or when praising someone’s speaking or singing.

Answer 185

推 is used as the first character in 2-character words, it usually means to push, to promote, to move forward, or to recommend. (推遲, tuīchí) — Meaning: To postpone, to delay (something planned to a later time) Usage: You use it when you change the scheduled time of something, usually intentionally. Example: “会议推迟到明天。” "The meeting is postponed to tomorrow." ---- If you arrive late and cause the plan to be delayed (not on purpose, just because you were late), you should use 耽误 (dānwu).

Answer 186

优势 (優勢, yōushì) Meaning: Advantage; a strength that gives someone or something an edge over others. Usage: Used when comparing things, people, teams, etc. It implies relative strength—something that makes you better than others in a specific context. Example: 我们队的优势是速度快 - Our team's advantage is speed. 他英语有优势 - He has an advantage in English. 你的中文很好，这是你的优势但你是外国人应该比中国人有优势

Answer 187

Meaning 参观 means to visit (a place) for learning or observation, not for fun or casual socializing. Key points Used for: Museums, factories, exhibitions, schools, companies, tourist attractions Focus is on seeing and learning (not just hanging out) NOT used for: Visiting friends/relatives (用“拜访” or “看望”) Going out to eat or for fun (用“去”) Example Sentences 我们明天要去工厂参观。 (We’re going to visit the factory tomorrow.) 你参观过这个博物馆吗？ (Have you visited this museum?) 欢迎大家来公司参观。 (Everyone is welcome to visit our company.) Usage Tips Usually formal or semi-formal. Implies there’s something to see and learn (technology, process, art, etc.). Sharp summary: 参观 = Visit a place to observe and learn. Let me know if you want examples in a specific context! Wechat examples: * 所有参观者到达后务必在接待处报到 → All visitors must report to the reception desk on arrival. * 有机会可以去南京参观一下。有博物馆，看完人很沉重。不过我也没去过。

Answer 188

缩短 (縮短, suōduǎn) To shorten (distance, time, duration) Common in work/life talk: “缩短时间” (shorten the time).

Answer 189

yu3 yu2 Key Difference 捕鱼: Any method, often professional, all ways of catching fish. 钓鱼: Only with rod/hook/bait, usually as a hobby.

Answer 190

(Context 袋 (dài) - Bag, sack) 口袋 (kǒudài) Pocket Very common. Used all the time for “pocket” in clothes or bags. Example: “手机在口袋里。” (The phone is in my pocket.)

Answer 191

Exactly right; hits the sweet spot. If you want to say something is just right in degree or tone, pick 恰当 Stresses precision and proper measure (neither too much nor too little). So, it is used for wording, timing, method, solution, tone (恰当的措辞，恰当时机) If you simply mean “suits/works,” choose 合适 * “Your analogy is exactly on point.” 这个比喻很恰当. * 这个词语比较恰当 * 请选择恰当的统计方法。 Please choose the most appropriate statistical method. * 他的幽默感用得很恰当，不会冒犯别人 - His sense of humour is just right, never offensive. * 若用词不恰当，可能导致误解 - Improper wording can cause misunderstandings. * 把任务拆分为更小的模块是恰当的做法 - Splitting the task into smaller modules is the proper approach.

Answer 192

路径 (lùjìng)

Answer 193

(Context: 罢 - 罷 - bà - “to cease; to stop; to finish”) 欲罢不能 = “Want to stop but can’t.” Implies: You wish to quit or stop, but something keeps you hooked or trapped. Typical Scenarios Highly addictive experiences (books, games, movies, activities) Situations you try to walk away from, but circumstances/feelings prevent it --- Subject + (做某事), 欲罢不能 Sharp Example Sentences 这本小说太精彩了，让人欲罢不能。This novel is so exciting, you just can’t put it down. 游戏设计得太吸引人，玩起来欲罢不能。 The game is so engaging, you can’t stop playing. 两人陷入爱河，感情发展得让他们欲罢不能。The two fell in love so deeply that they couldn’t walk away even if they wanted to. 我对学习中文欲罢不能这个剧集剧情紧凑，看得我欲罢不能。The plot of this series is so gripping I just can’t stop watching. 他明知道抽烟有害健康，还是欲罢不能 - He knows smoking is harmful, yet can’t quit. 大家都劝她戒酒，她却欲罢不能 - Everyone urged her to give up drinking, but she just can’t. 和她聊天让我欲罢不能” is very natural, expressive, and idiomatic. Meaning: Literal: “Chatting with her makes me unable to stop.” Nuance: You enjoy talking with her so much that you just can’t tear yourself away—you’re hooked!

Answer 194

Core Meaning 潮流 = “trend” or “current fashion” (IT IS A NOUN) Refers to what is popular or mainstream at a given time, in style, ideas, technology, behavior, etc. 时尚 is specifically about fashion and being stylish. 潮流 is about “what’s popular” (a general trend, can be clothing, tech, or even behavior). “潮流变化得很快。” (Trends change quickly.) “不要盲目追逐潮流。” (Don’t blindly follow trends.) Usage Scenarios Clothing/fashion: 现在年轻人很注重潮流。 (Young people care a lot about trends these days.) Tech/social trends: 直播已经成为一种新潮流。 (Live streaming has become a new trend.) Behavior/culture: 跟着潮流走，有时候会丧失自我。 (Following trends sometimes makes you lose yourself.) Ideas/movement: 环保已成为全球的潮流。 (Environmental protection is now a global trend.) Common Collocations 赶潮流 (gǎn cháoliú) — to chase/follow trends Example: 她总喜欢赶潮流。 (She always likes to follow trends.) 引领潮流 (yǐnlǐng cháoliú) — to lead the trend Example: 这家公司引领着行业潮流。 (This company leads the industry trend.) 时尚潮流 (shíshàng cháoliú) — fashion trends Tips for Precision Use 潮流 when talking about collective trends (not just one person’s style). For personal style, use “时尚” or “流行”. 潮流 can apply to any mainstream movement—clothing, tech, thinking, etc. Sample Sentences 这种风格现在很符合潮流。 (This style fits the current trend.) 不要盲目追逐潮流。 (Don’t blindly chase trends.) 你觉得今年的潮流是什么？ (What do you think is the trend this year?) Summary: 潮流 = “mainstream trend” (fashion, tech, ideas, etc.). Use it for what’s popular with groups or society, not just individuals.

Answer 195

幕後, mùhòu 1. Core meaning Literal: “behind the curtain” (originally from theater) Actual meaning: “behind the scenes”—refers to people, actions, or events that happen out of public view or not in the spotlight. 2. How it’s used A. People working out of sight 指那些不在台前出现、但为事情成功起关键作用的人。他一直是我们的幕后英雄。 He’s always been our behind-the-scenes hero. B. Hidden actions or forces 指推动事情发生、但不为人知的力量、策划者或幕后黑手（mastermind）。你觉得这件事的幕后是谁？ Who do you think is behind this (pulling the strings)? 他是整个计划的幕后策划。 He’s the mastermind behind the whole plan. C. Entertainment, media, workplace 多用来形容制作、管理、技术等不在台前的团队或人员。幕后的工作人员很辛苦。 The backstage crew works hard. 这部电影的幕后花絮很精彩。 The behind-the-scenes footage of this film is fascinating. 3. Common phrases 幕后花絮 (mùhòu huāxù) — behind-the-scenes (making-of, backstage tidbits, bonus footage) 幕后英雄 (mùhòu yīngxióng) — unsung hero, behind-the-scenes hero 幕后黑手 (mùhòu hēishǒu) — mastermind (often with negative connotation, “the evil hand behind…”) 幕后策划 (mùhòu cèhuà) — mastermind/planner 4. Example sentences 公司成功的背后，有很多默默付出的幕后英雄。 Behind the company’s success, there are many unsung heroes working behind the scenes. 这次危机的幕后黑手终于被找出来了。 The mastermind behind this crisis has finally been identified. 你喜欢看电影的幕后花絮吗？ Do you like watching a movie’s behind-the-scenes extras? 他更适合做幕后工作，不喜欢在前台露脸。 He’s better suited to work behind the scenes, not in the spotlight.

Answer 196

(gǎigé) is a precise, powerful word in both daily Chinese and professional/political contexts. Here’s how to understand and use it with high precision: Core meaning of 改革改革 = to reform; reform; restructuring It refers to making major, planned changes to systems, rules, policies, organizations, or society to improve or modernize them. How to use 改革 1. As a verb: To carry out reforms or change something fundamentally (not just minor fixes). 政府正在改革教育体制。 The government is reforming the education system. 我们需要改革管理方式。 We need to reform our management style. 2. As a noun: Refers to the reform process or movement itself. 这项改革取得了很大成效。 This reform has achieved great results. 中国的经济改革始于1978年。 China’s economic reforms began in 1978. Common collocations: 经济改革 (jīngjì gǎigé) — economic reform 政治改革 (zhèngzhì gǎigé) — political reform 体制改革 (tǐzhì gǎigé) — system/institutional reform 深化改革 (shēnhuà gǎigé) — deepen reform 改革开放 (gǎigé kāifàng) — reform and opening-up (famous phrase in modern China) 改革措施 (gǎigé cuòshī) — reform measures Use with high precision: Only use 改革 for major, structural, or systemic changes—not for small tweaks. It’s suitable for: Policy, law, education, economy, management, institutions, etc. Both government and business contexts. Compare with similar words: 修改 (xiūgǎi) — to revise (usually minor changes) 调整 (tiáozhěng) — to adjust (usually fine-tuning) 改革 (gǎigé) — to reform (major, structural, impactful changes) Example sentences: 企业要想发展，必须不断改革。 A business must constantly reform to grow. 医药体制改革正在推进中。 Healthcare system reform is underway. 很多国家通过改革来解决社会问题。 Many countries solve social problems through reforms. Key point: 改革 means big, planned, often systematic change—always use for significant transformation, not small edits.

Answer 197

Xīn - chén - dài - xiè

Answer 198

精緻, jīngzhì (It seems like a very direct translation to Exquisite -- However: 精緻 is Broader: Used for objects, food, appearance, lifestyle, taste, and even someone’s way of doing things. Implies: Small, delicate, refined, careful design/attention, and even a refined, quality-focused way of living. Describes something beautifully made, detailed, or tastefully done—often small, but can also be about taste, living, or behavior. Typical Usage Scenarios Objects: 小巧精致的饰品 (small, exquisite jewelry) 精致的手工艺品 (delicate handicrafts) Food: 精致的甜点 (exquisite desserts) Appearance: 她长得很精致。 (She has delicate/refined features.) Lifestyle/Taste: 精致的生活 (refined lifestyle; pays attention to detail and quality) 精致的品味 (refined taste) Work/Design: 精致的设计 (exquisite design) Nuance Not just pretty—精致 implies careful design, high quality, and attention to fine details. Can be a compliment for people (face/features), objects, food, or lifestyle. Usually positive, sometimes implies “a bit fancy,” but not gaudy or showy. Common Collocations 精致的工艺 (exquisite craftsmanship) 精致的容貌 (delicate facial features) 精致女孩 (a girl who lives with refined taste) 精致的包装 (delicate packaging) Example Sentences 这个盒子做工非常精致。 This box is made with exquisite craftsmanship. 她的五官很精致。 Her facial features are delicate/refined. 他喜欢精致的生活方式。 He likes a refined lifestyle. 这些点心不仅好吃，而且外观很精致。 These desserts are not only tasty but also look exquisite. 我只是想让自己看起来更精致一些 Quick Comparison 精致 vs. 漂亮漂亮 = pretty (appearance, broader, less about detail) 精致 = exquisite, with focus on fineness, detail, quality Summary: 精致 = exquisite, refined, delicately made—with careful detail and high quality, whether for objects, food, looks, or lifestyle.

Answer 199

興奮, xīngfèn xing1 - to rise/to flourish/to become popular/to start/to encourage/to get up/(often used in the negative) to permit or allow (topolect)/maybe (topolect) Core Meaning 兴奋 = excited, exhilarated, thrilled Describes a strong feeling of mental or emotional excitement—can be positive (most common) or just high-energy. Usage Scenarios Describing mood: 我今天很兴奋。 (I’m really excited today.) Reacting to events: 比赛快要开始了，大家都很兴奋。 (The game is about to start; everyone is excited.) Anticipation: 听到好消息后他非常兴奋。 (He was thrilled to hear the good news.) Children/animals: 小狗见到主人特别兴奋。 (The puppy gets very excited when it sees its owner.) Verb or Adjective? Can be adjective (describe a person’s state) 我很兴奋。 (I’m excited.) Or verb (to excite, in more formal/medical contexts) 这个消息使我兴奋。 (This news excites me.) Related Usage 兴奋剂 (xīngfènjì): stimulant (medicine/sports doping), not common in daily chat. Key Collocations 感到兴奋 (feel excited) 非常兴奋 (very excited) 兴奋得睡不着 (too excited to sleep) Usage Tips Use 兴奋 for strong, often positive excitement—not just mild happiness. Not usually for calm joy; it’s more about energy, anticipation, or thrill. Summary Sentence: 兴奋 = feeling super excited, thrilled, or bursting with energy—use it when you’re really “pumped up” about something!

Answer 200

盡興, jìnxìng xing4 - feeling or desire to do sth/interest in sth/excitement Core Meaning 尽兴 = to enjoy oneself to the fullest; to have a great time; to one’s heart’s content Implies that you did everything you wanted, felt totally satisfied, and made the most of the experience. Typical Usage Scenarios After a party, meal, or trip: 今天玩得很尽兴！(We had a great time today!) Inviting someone to enjoy: 请大家尽兴！(Everyone, have fun!) Wishing someone a good time: 希望你们玩得尽兴 (Hope you all enjoy yourselves.) Negatively: 没玩尽兴 (Didn’t have as much fun as I wanted.) Usage Notes 尽 (jìn): to the utmost; 兴 (xìng): interest, fun, mood. 尽兴 is about maximizing enjoyment or satisfaction—not just “had fun,” but “really made the most of it.” Can be used for all kinds of activities: singing, eating, playing, traveling, etc. Common Collocations 玩得尽兴 (have a blast) 喝得尽兴 (drink to your heart’s content) 聊得尽兴 (chat as much as you like) Example Sentences 这次旅行我们玩得很尽兴。 (We really enjoyed ourselves on this trip.) 希望大家今晚尽兴！ (Hope everyone enjoys themselves tonight!) 吃饭、唱歌、跳舞，大家都尽兴了。 (Eating, singing, dancing—everyone had a great time.)

Answer 201

足够 Verb: - 几个月足够改变了 - 我就像你说的一样，足够喜欢你 - 学习两年足够和中国人聊天大部分的话题 Adjective: Sufficient - 有足够的时间吗？ - 我们对自己要做足够的思考 - 你已经想得很足够了 - 你的解释不够足够 - Your explanation is not sufficient. - 我有足够的信心 - I have enough confidence. - 足够的时间 (enough time) - 足够的资源 (enough resources) Adjective's complement - 足够耐心的等待 Buy the dip - 你必须足够优秀，才能胜任这个岗位。(You must be sufficiently good to handle this role.) Expression: 这已经足够了 - (This is enough.) — No need for more. The standard is met.

Answer 202

声音 (shēngyīn) Core meaning: Sound; voice (any sound that can be heard) Scope: Very broad: Includes voices, music, animal sounds, noise, etc. Usage: For all kinds of sounds—human, animal, objects, environment. Examples: “我听到外面的声音。” (I hear a sound outside.) “你的声音很好听。” (Your voice sounds nice.) “请把声音调大。” (Please turn up the volume.) 语音 (yǔyīn) Core meaning: (1) Speech sound / pronunciation (technical, linguistic) (2) Voice message (modern tech: WeChat, voice mail, etc.) Scope: Technical or digital: Linguistics: the sounds that make up spoken language. Modern apps: recorded/real-time voice messages. Usage: Linguistics: “普通话的语音很标准。” (Mandarin’s pronunciation is very standard.) Voice message: “你给我发个语音吧。” (Send me a voice message.)

Answer 203

Constelation

Answer 204

營養 - yíng yǎng: (Context: 营 = manage/run (business), camp (military), or (in compounds) nourish/provide. Its exact meaning depends on the word it’s part of.) Core Meaning 营养 = nutrition; nutrients; nourishing Refers to the substances in food that help living things grow and stay healthy, or to the nutritional value of something. Key Collocations * 有营养 (yǒu yíngyǎng): nutritious * 营养价值 (yíngyǎng jiàzhí): nutritional value * 营养均衡 (yíngyǎng jūnhéng): balanced nutrition * 补充营养 (bǔchōng yíngyǎng): supplement nutrition Usage Scenarios Describing food’s nutritional value: 这个汤很有营养。 (This soup is very nutritious.) Talking about health or diet: 孩子需要多吃有营养的食物。 (Children need to eat more nutritious food.) Asking about diet: 你觉得你的早餐有营养吗？ (Do you think your breakfast is nutritious?) Scientific/medical context: 营养不良 (yíngyǎng bùliáng) = malnutrition 营养成分 (yíngyǎng chéngfèn) = nutritional components/ingredients Usage Tips 营养 can be used for both food (“有营养的食物”) and for talking about a person’s state (“营养不良”). In daily life, 营养 is a common compliment for home-cooked or healthy food. It is usually positive, meaning the food is good for your health. Example Sentences 多吃蔬菜和水果对身体有营养。 (Eating more vegetables and fruits is nutritious for the body.) 快餐虽然方便，但营养不够。 (Fast food is convenient, but not very nutritious.) 这孩子缺乏营养，需要补充。 (This child lacks nutrition and needs supplements.) Summary: 营养 = nutrition/nutritional value. Use it to talk about how food (or diet) helps health and growth. “有营养” means “good for your body”—use it to compliment food or talk about healthy eating.

Answer 205

si1 - Means to tear, to rip something from a line Use like a “precision communicator” When describing the act: “把文件撕掉。” – “Tear up the document.” When emphasising damage or division: “谣言在团队中造成了撕裂。” – “Rumours have torn the team apart.” Mnemonic: 撕 = tear, 撕裂 = tear → split.

Answer 206

破裂 (pòliè) — Burst (Objects) / rupture (Others) / break down completely (Others). * a solid object splits apart under pressure * an abstract bond collapses beyond repair 1. Physical rupture – pipes, balloons, glass, wounds, tires 2. Figurative rupture – relationships, negotiations, contracts 水管, 气球, 玻璃, 轮胎关系, 婚姻, 谈判, 合同

Answer 207

思维 Sī1 wéi2 Is a noun (维 = Thread-like dimension; signifies maintaining, linking, preserving order, structure and continuity) Thinking of ideas Way of thinking. 思维 = the process that produces them 思维 = the thinking engine itself or its habitual pattern. Use it when you talk about processes, styles, and quality of thought, not just isolated ideas. Mind‑set, cognitive style, way of thinking Describes how someone habitually thinks or solves problems. Patterns * A + 的 + 思维 * 思维 + Verb * Verb + 思维 * 思维方式决定行为 - The way you think determines what you do. * 换个思维角度，问题就容易解决。 Change your thinking angle and the problem becomes easier. * 数据思维是现代管理者的必备能力。 Data‑driven thinking is a must‑have skill for modern managers. * 我们要打破旧有思维定势。We must break old mental ruts. * 逻辑思维 - logical thinking * 批判性思维 - critical thinking * 发散性思维 - divergent thinking * 线性思维 - linear thinking * 思维模式 - thinking pattern / mindset * 思维定势 - cognitive fixation / mental set * 思维导图 - mind‑map ----- In short: logical thinking pursues the safest path from A to B; divergent thinking tries to fly from A to B, C, and D at the same time to find new possibilities. --- Example of two different data analysis. Bottom line: Alice’s linear logical thinking nails the mechanical cause fast. Ben’s divergent thinking spots the experience issue nobody measured yet. Use whichever 思维 fits the mess on your desk—or blend both and look like a damn hero. 我们的文化思维不一样思维 (思維, sīwéi) is not about your opinions, ideology, or beliefs. It describes your way of thinking, your mental approach or mindset, especially how you analyze, reason, and solve problems.

Answer 208

Zī1 chǎn3 我把工资的 50% 拿来累积个人资产，以便创造被动收入、让未来更富裕。累积个人资产（建立/扩大资产组合）≈ “build patrimony” 也可用增加净资产、扩大个人财富，意思相同。

Answer 209

(志 - zhì - ambition aspiration will record) 励志 (lì zhì) = “urge the will” → Motivational, inspiring determination. It stresses self‑motivation and perseverance rather than external reward. Pattern * X 很励志 * X is really motivational * His weight‑loss story 很励志 * 励志 + 名词 * genre label * 励志片 (inspirational film), * 励志书 * 励志要 + Verb/Goal (formal) * “be resolved to…” * 他励志要考进清华 Spoken Chinese mostly uses the adjective feel (“very inspiring”). The formal verb sense (“vow to…”) shows up in writing or speeches. * 你也太励志了哈哈哈 * #励志 Collocations you’ll hear a lot * 励志故事 / 励志演讲 / 励志语录 – inspirational story / talk / quote * 积极向上又很励志 – upbeat and inspiring * 励志鸡汤 – “motivational fluff” (slightly mocking) --- Don’t say “给我一个励志” – wrong part of speech. Use “给我很大激励” or “他的经历很励志”. --- Adjective use (most common) 这段视频特别励志，让我重新开始跑步 - This video is super inspiring; it got me running again. Formal verb use 先秦诸子多强调励志修身 - Many pre‑Qin philosophers stressed cultivating oneself by strengthening one’s will. Phrase for your salary sentence 我把收入的 50% 用于投资，励志实现财务自由 - I devote 50 % of my income to investments, vowing to reach financial freedom.” Quick rule of thumb: Want to say something is inspiring? → “很励志” Want to say you’ve sworn to a goal? → “励志要 …”

Answer 210

底下 (dǐ xià) = “at/on the bottom; under; those beneath.” 底 (bottom) + 下 (below) → either position or people who are lower in rank. * Physical / spatial “under” under, beneath, below ** 桌子底下有只猫 – There’s a cat under the table * Subordinate group ** the folks under (my team, juniors) ** 我底下带十个人 – “I have ten people reporting to me.” Spoken Chinese uses 底下 far more than formal writing. --- How to place it in a sentence - Noun + 底下 (object first) ** 书包底下压着试卷。 - 在 + noun + 底下 (explicit location) ** 钥匙在花盆底下。 - 我/你/他 + 底下 (as noun phrase “my underlings”) ** 他底下的人都很拼。 (Text) 见下文 / 底下 (“see below”) – informal notes & chats --- More examples: 咪咪喜欢在我床底下玩哈哈我床底下有帐篷 A: 手机找不到了。 B: 看看沙发底下。 “Check under the sofa.” 上个月我底下两个人升职了Two people on my team got promoted last month. -- Rule of thumb: * Bottom surface → 底下. * Underground → 地下. * Generic below / next → 下面.

Answer 211

严格 (yán gé) = “strict / rigorous / tight to a stated standard.” It always refers to rules, criteria, procedures, or the way someone enforces them—not “harsh in tone” and not “meticulous logic.” * 严格的 + N 严格的规定 / 严格的安全标准 * 对 … 很严格老板对成本控制很严格 * 严格地 + V 严格地执行 / 严格地遵守 * Fixed phrase - 严格来说 * strictly speaking - 严格来说，这不算亏损 Spoken Chinese often drops 地 after adverbs (严格遵守规定), which is acceptable. --- 3. High‑frequency collocations 严格要求 (yāo qiú) – demand strictly 严格控制 / 管理 / 把关 – keep tight control / management / checks 严格遵守 / 执行 / 按照 – strictly comply / execute / act according to 严格的纪律 / 条件 / 测试 – strict discipline / conditions / tests --- More examples: * 哈哈中国对这方面管理是比较严格 * 你的时间管理很严格 * 对话： A: 老板对你的态度好吗？ B: 还好吧。蛮严格的 * 可以，但是要求严格一些

Answer 212

ba1 - to long for/to wish/to cling to/to stick to/sth that sticks/close to/next to/spread open/informal abbr. for bus 巴士/bar (unit of pressure)/nominalizing suffix on certain nouns, such as 尾巴, tail --- 大巴 ≈ 大巴车 (the same thing, both are “coach bus,” used more for long-distance) 巴士 is broader, can mean any bus, but is less used in daily conversation in mainland China. ---- 1. 大巴 (dàbā) Colloquial, Mainland China. Means “coach bus” or “large bus.” Refers to long-distance buses (like those between cities or airport shuttles), not city buses. 2. 大巴车 (dàbā chē) Also colloquial, Mainland China. Literally means “big bus vehicle.” Same as 大巴, just more explicit (车 means vehicle). No real difference in meaning from 大巴. 3. 巴士 (bāshì) Formal or borrowed from English “bus.” In Mainland China: Used in written language, traffic signs, or formal speech. In Hong Kong, Taiwan, and overseas Chinese communities: “巴士” is the standard term for any kind of bus (city bus, coach, etc.). In Mainland China, it can refer to city buses or any bus in general, but is less common in daily speech.

Answer 213

1. Core Meaning 下巴 = "chin" (the lower part of the face, below the mouth) It is a noun. 2. Usage Contexts Everyday conversation, medical, beauty, and appearance-related topics. 3. Typical Collocations & Structures 大下巴: big chin 尖下巴: pointed chin 双下巴: double chin (literally “two chins”) 下巴突出: prominent chin Grammar: Used exactly like the English "chin." Usually appears after a possessive or descriptive phrase. 他的下巴 (his chin) 她的下巴很尖 (her chin is very pointed) 4. Example Sentences 她的下巴很尖。 Her chin is very pointed. 他摸了摸自己的下巴。 He touched his chin. 他有双下巴。 He has a double chin. 5. Nuances & Extended Use Double chin: 双下巴 (used for talking about weight/appearance) Raise/lift chin (proudly): 抬起下巴 (to lift one’s chin, usually to show confidence or arrogance) Example: 他自信地抬起下巴。 He lifted his chin confidently. 6. Common Mistakes Don’t use 下巴 for “jaw” (that’s 颌 hé, 下颌 xiàhé = lower jaw) Not used metaphorically in Chinese as often as “chin up” in English. 7. Comparison 下巴 (chin) = the tip and underside of the face. 下颌 (lower jaw) = the bone, used in more technical/medical language.

Answer 214

(例 - lì4 - Example case pattern; illustrates precedent, serving as model, repeated instance) 例外 (lì wài) = “exception / to be an exception.” It marks something outside a rule or norm—never “abnormal” in a medical sense, and never “in addition.” --- (A) 是个例外 - A is an exception. * 昨晚停电，只有他家是个例外无一例外 (fixed phrase) - “without a single exception” * 所有人无一例外都通过了对 … 来说是例外 “is an exception for …” 对北方城市来说三月下雪并不例外例外情况 / 例外规定 “exceptional case / rule” 节假日另有例外规定 --- Wechat examples * 一般都是休息的，就这周例外了 * 可能你是例外 * 换到我例外一个房子 ----- High‑precision mini‑dialogues Policy statement 所有员工必须周五前提交报告，无一例外。 “All employees must submit reports before Friday—no exceptions.” Single exception 大家都去出差了，只有小张成了例外。 “Everyone went on the business trip; Zhang was the lone exception.” Making an exception 按规定不能加班报销，但这次可以作出例外。 “Overtime isn’t reimbursable by rule, but we can make an exception this time.” Clarifying scope 严格来说，这条法律对外交人员并不例外。 “Strictly speaking, diplomats are not exempt from this law.”

Answer 215

(启 - qi3 - Open start; denotes enlightening, initiating, informing, revealing, guiding new possibilities) Need fresh ideas or insight? → 用启发 Need a surge of motivation or courage? → 说励志启发 * “to enlighten / spark an idea” * Mind – gives you a new way of thinking or solution How to use it * Verb - X 启发 Y (去…) --这本书启发我重新规划职业 * Verb + 给给 Y 以 启发 (written) -- 导师给了我很大启发 Verb (passive source) 从 … 得到/受到 启发 -- 我从客户反馈中得到启发 Noun 带来/获得 启发 -- 讨论带来了不少启发 Modifier 启发式 + N (“heuristic”) -- 启发式算法 / 启发式教学 (Spoken Chinese favors the simple “X 启发了我” or “给我启发” pattern) * Common collocations * 受到/得到启发 – be inspired * 启发思考 / 启发灵感 – spark thought / creativity * 启发式教学 / 启发式算法 – heuristic teaching / algorithm * 互相启发 – inspire each other --- How they play out in real life 启发那位老师一句话启发了我，想出新方案 - That teacher’s remark sparked an idea for a new plan. 励志他的逆袭经历特别励志，让我坚持健身 - His comeback story is really motivational; it keeps me working out. --- 微信 * 你给了我很多新启发 * 希望这个案例能有一些启发 6 · Crystal‑clear examples Simple verb 你的问题启发了我去研究另一条思路。Your question inspired me to explore another approach.” Passive receipt 我从失败的案例中得到启发，优化了流程。 “I drew inspiration from failed cases and refined the process.” Heuristic sense 我们采用启发式算法，在大数据里快速定位异常。 “We use a heuristic algorithm to locate anomalies quickly in big data.” Mutual inspiration 团队内部讨论活跃，大家互相启发。 “Discussions are lively; we keep inspiring one another.”

Answer 216

Dǐngjiān = “topmost point” → the very best; top-tier; elite 2. How it’s used in daily Chinese As an adjective: Describes someone/something as the best or at the top in their field. Context Example sentence English Talent 他是国内顶尖的科学家。 He is a top scientist in the country. Product/Brand 这家餐厅的厨师是顶尖水准。 The chefs here are top-level. Team/Company 我们公司是行业里的顶尖企业。 Our company is a top firm in the industry. Often paired with “人才” (talent), “公司” (company), “大学” (university), “水平” (level), etc. 3. What it’s not Not for ordinary “good” or “excellent”—顶尖 is the absolute top (think “world-class,” “elite”). Not for physical things like “sharp tip” (that’s just 尖 or 尖端). 4. Usage patterns 顶尖的 + Noun 顶尖的运动员 (top athlete) 顶尖的技术 (cutting-edge tech) 在…领域/方面顶尖他在人工智能领域是顶尖的。(He’s at the top in AI.) Can be used alone as a noun (rare): 谁能成为行业的顶尖？(Who can become the very best in the industry?) 5. Wrong ways to use 顶尖 Don’t use for objects that are literally “pointy” or “sharp.” Don’t use for “best friend,” “my favorite food,” or anything that’s just “very good” but not “the best of the best.” 6. Precision sentences 这所大学在全国是顶尖的。 (This university is top-tier in the country.) 我们要争取成为行业的顶尖。 (We want to become the best in the industry.) 他是公司里最顶尖的人才。 (He’s the top talent in the company.) 顶尖的男人 - Top-level man Quick check: If you’d use “top,” “elite,” or “world-class” in English, 顶尖 is correct. If you just mean “great” or “excellent,” use 优秀 or 很棒 instead.

Answer 217

高价值 / 优质 — for “high-value man” (modern dating lingo). 高价值 (gāo jià zhí) — literally "high-value"; trendy, especially in dating/social circles. 他是个高价值男人。 (He’s a high-value man.) 优质 (yōu zhì) — "high quality," common in dating talk. 他是个优质男。 (He’s a quality guy.) ---- VERIFIED: Outside dating you can use 顶尖 If you want to say someone is “elite” or “top-tier” outside of dating circles, for being outstanding in many areas (not just in one field or romance), 顶尖 is absolutely correct and natural in Chinese. How to say it: 他是个顶尖人物。 (He’s an elite figure.) 他是社会里的顶尖人士。 (He’s a top person in society.) 他各方面都很顶尖。 (He’s top-tier in every way.) 他是我们行业的顶尖。 (He’s the best in our industry.) Or you can be even more specific: 他在能力和成就上都是顶尖的。 (He’s top-tier in ability and achievement.) 他不仅专业能力强，综合素质也很顶尖。 (He’s not only professionally strong but also outstanding overall.)

Answer 218

zhong1 - loyal/devoted/honest 忠告 (zhōng gào) – “sincere advice” or “kind warning.” Example: 我给你个忠告 (“Let me give you some advice.”) Common in friendly advice or gentle warnings.

Answer 219

zhong1 - loyal/devoted/honest 忠诚 (zhōng chéng) Meaning: Loyal, faithful, devoted. Context: Describes someone who is reliable and sticks by you (or a cause, group, company, etc.) over time. Nuances - Steadfast, loyal - General: work, family, country, friends (Not bro code) - Long-term devotion - Stable, reliable - You can use it to describe an organisation Typical use: 对朋友/公司/国家很忠诚 (loyal to friends/company/country) A loyal spouse, employee, or pet. Focus: Consistency, reliability, devotion. --- Example: 他对朋友很忠诚 (“He’s very loyal to his friends.”) Used when talking about relationships, pets, or employees. 狗狗很聪明，也很忠诚你是个很忠诚的员工。 (You’re a very loyal employee.) 他对朋友很仗义，从来不会见死不救。 (He’s always got his friends’ backs—never leaves them in the lurch.) 他们都是讲义气的人，哥们有难都会帮忙。 (They’re the type who stick up for each other—always help a buddy in trouble.) 忠诚 can absolutely be used to describe a loyal wife. - 她是一个对家庭非常忠诚的妻子。 (“She is a very loyal wife to her family.”) 仗义 and 讲义气 are not typically used to describe a wife’s loyalty in a marriage. They’re mostly about friendship, brotherhood, or helping others with a sense of justice or camaraderie—not about romantic or marital loyalty.

Answer 220

把…当作理所当然 / 当成理所当然把他当作理所当然 (“take him for granted”) 把她对你的好当成理所当然 (“take her kindness for granted”) 有时候老外认为中国人的对待是理所当然的我第一来中国的时候有点认为中国人对我的对待是理所当然的

Answer 221

fǎn gǎn Strong feeling of dislike, aversion, or repulsion toward something or someone. It typically describes an emotional reaction to something that causes discomfort, displeasure, or distaste. Noun: 对 sth 有反感我对他有反感 – "I have an aversion to him." Adjective> 对 sth 很反感 Verb: 我很反感他的行为。(Wǒ hěn fǎn gǎn tā de xíngwéi.) – "I really dislike his behavior." --- 他总是打断别人讲话，我对他这种行为非常反感。 "He always interrupts others when they speak, and I really can't stand that behavior." 我对这种鞋子无感。甚至。。。有点反感我对他的态度很反感 I have a strong aversion to his attitude. 她反感别人不尊重她的意见 = She feels strongly resentful of others not respecting her opinions. 发小孩的表情包。我都很反感

Answer 222

累计 (lěijì) Can be both a verb (“to total up”/“to accumulate as a sum”) and a noun (“cumulative total”). Focus: Emphasizes the result—the sum or total after adding up over time. Common objects: Usually tangible quantities, numbers, or amounts that can be counted or measured: * 金额 (amount) * 人数 (number of people) * 销售额 (sales volume) * 时间 (time spent) Examples: Verb: 今年累计销售额达到了五百万 - This year’s cumulative sales reached 5 million. Noun: 累计到今天，已有一千人报名 - The cumulative total as of today is 1,000 people signed up. 在中国担任副总经理、副厂长等职务以上或者具有副教授、副研究员等副高级职称以上以及享受同等待遇，已连续任职满4年、4年内在中国居留累计不少于3年且纳税记录良好的； 📗 累计 (lěijì) – Highlighting the result or total after accumulation, often used with quantifiable data. 截至目前，青海藏毯国际展览会已成功举办五届，累计成交额达1.6亿美元。 As of now, the Qinghai Tibetan Carpet International Exhibition has been successfully held five times, with a cumulative transaction amount of $160 million. 全国现有产品质量、体系认证机构170个，已累计完成对3.8万个企业的产品认证。 There are currently 170 product quality and system certification bodies nationwide, which have cumulatively completed product certification for 38,000 enterprises. 上周国内新增百日咳本土病例3例，今年累计14例仍为六年同期新高。 Last week, three new local cases of pertussis were reported domestically, bringing the cumulative total to 14 cases this year—the highest for the same period in six years. 世界卫生组织：全球累计新冠确诊病例达612,724,171例。 World Health Organization: The global cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases has reached 612,724,171. 四川省平昌县已累计治理水土流失面积782平方公里。 Pingchang County in Sichuan Province has cumulatively managed soil erosion over an area of 782 square kilometers. ✅ Summary 积累 focuses on the process of building up over time, often relating to intangible assets like knowledge, experience, or skills. 累计 emphasizes the result or total after accumulation, commonly used with measurable data like numbers, amounts, or statistics. 累计金额 (lěijì jīn’é) Cumulative amount / total amount If you want to be specific, for "the cumulative amount a user has spent from install up to day 7," you would say: 第7天累计消费金额 Cumulative spending amount as of day 7 Or, to be even more explicit: 用户自注册起到第7天的累计消费金额 User’s cumulative spending from registration up to day 7 Short version for tables/columns: 累计金额累计消费累计充值 (if it’s top-up/recharge) For “cumulative sum” as a math/stat term: 累计和 (lěijì hé) Cumulative sum

Answer 223

1. 补偿 (bǔcháng) – “Compensate” (to make up for a loss or inconvenience) Meaning: To give something (money, time, effort, etc.) to make up for a loss, inconvenience, or extra effort. Typical situations: Your boss gives you extra vacation for working overtime: “The company gave me a day off as compensation.” Someone repays you for covering their shift. 2. 弥补 (míbǔ) – “Make up for / Remedy” (to fix a mistake, gap, or regret) Meaning: To make up for a fault, mistake, or something missing—usually something abstract, not directly involving money. Typical situations: You forgot a friend’s birthday, so you try to make up for it by doing something nice. You want to mend a relationship after saying something wrong: “I want to make up for my mistake.” 3. 赔偿 (péicháng) – “Compensate” (to pay for losses or damages, often legally) Meaning: To pay money to someone because you caused them loss or harm. This is usually about money, and often required by law or agreement. Typical situations: You damage someone’s property (like a car) and must pay them. A company pays customers if a product is faulty: “The company must compensate the customer for damages.” How to Choose (Quick Rule) Is it about paying money for damage or loss? Yes → Use 赔偿 (péicháng) Is it about making up for inconvenience, effort, or loss (could be time or other non-monetary things)? Yes → Use 补偿 (bǔcháng) Is it about fixing a regret, fault, mistake, or emotional gap? Yes → Use 弥补 (míbǔ) Mini-examples 补偿: “Sorry for the trouble, let me treat you to dinner as compensation.” 弥补: “He’s trying to make up for the time he lost with his family.” 赔偿: “After the accident, he had to pay compensation to the other driver.”

Answer 224

零下 (líng xià) – "Below Zero" Meaning: 零下 is used to describe temperatures below freezing (0°C or 32°F). It emphasizes cold weather, often in weather forecasts, warnings, or general descriptions. Key Nuances & Usage Temperature Indicator – Always refers to negative numbers on the temperature scale. 今天气温零下五度。(Jīntiān qìwēn líng xià wǔ dù.) – *Today’s temperature is -5°C.* 冬天这里会到零下二十度。(Dōngtiān zhèlǐ huì dào líng xià èrshí dù.) – *In winter, it can reach -20°C here.* Common in Weather Reports – Often paired with 度 (dù, "degrees") or 摄氏度 (shèshìdù, "Celsius"). 明天最低温度零下三度。(Míngtiān zuìdī wēndù líng xià sān dù.) – *Tomorrow’s lowest temperature will be -3°C.* Implies Extreme Cold – Suggests discomfort or potential hazards (e.g., ice, frostbite). 零下的天气要注意保暖。(Líng xià de tiānqì yào zhùyì bǎonuǎn.) – In below-zero weather, you should keep warm. Common Collocations 零下温度 (líng xià wēndù) – Subzero temperature 零下几十度 (líng xià jǐshí dù) – Dozens of degrees below zero 零下环境 (líng xià huánjìng) – Below-zero environment

Answer 225

零食 (língshí) – "Snacks" Small portions of food eaten between meals, such as chips, nuts, candy, or crackers. It emphasizes casual, non-staple foods consumed for enjoyment or quick energy. --- **Key Nuances & Usage** 1. General Term for Snacks – Unlike **小吃 (xiǎochī, "street food/small dishes")**, 零食 focuses on **packaged or light munchies**. - 我喜欢吃零食。(Wǒ xǐhuān chī língshí.) – *I like eating snacks.* - 超市里有很多零食。(Chāoshì lǐ yǒu hěn duō língshí.) – *There are many snacks in the supermarket.* 2. **Casual & Everyday Use** – Often paired with verbs like **吃 (chī, "eat")**, **买 (mǎi, "buy")**, or **带 (dài, "bring")**. - 看电影时，我带了些零食。(Kàn diànyǐng shí, wǒ dài le xiē língshí.) – *I brought some snacks for the movie.* 3. **Healthy vs. Junk Food** – Can be neutral, but context may imply unhealthy choices. - 少吃零食，对身体不好。(Shǎo chī língshí, duì shēntǐ bù hǎo.) – *Eating too many snacks is bad for your health.* --- **Common Collocations** - **零食爱好者** (língshí àihàozhě) – *Snack lover* - **零食店** (língshí diàn) – *Snack shop* - **零食时间** (língshí shíjiān) – *Snack time* --- **Examples in Context** 1. **At Work/School** - 下午饿了，我吃了点零食。(Xiàwǔ è le, wǒ chī le diǎn língshí.) – *I got hungry in the afternoon and had some snacks.* 2. **Shopping for Snacks** - 我去买零食，你要什么？(Wǒ qù mǎi língshí, nǐ yào shénme?) – *I’m going to buy snacks, what do you want?* 3. **Health Context** - 医生让我少吃零食。(Yīshēng ràng wǒ shǎo chī língshí.) – *The doctor told me to eat fewer snacks.* --- **Comparison with Similar Words** |------|---------|---------| | **零食 (língshí)** | Packaged/light snacks | 薯片是我的最爱零食。(Shǔpiàn shì wǒ de zuì’ài língshí.) – *Chips are my favorite snack.* | | **小吃 (xiǎochī)** | Street food/local dishes | 夜市的小吃很好吃。(Yèshì de xiǎochī hěn hǎochī.) – *The street food at the night market is delicious.* | | **点心 (diǎnxin)** | Pastries/dim sum (often sweet) | 早上喝了茶，吃了点心。(Zǎoshang hē le chá, chī le diǎnxin.) – *I drank tea and ate dim sum in the morning.* | **Summary:** 零食 = casual, often packaged snacks. Use it when talking about munching between meals! 🍿🍫 | Word | Meaning | Example |

Answer 226

贫穷 (pínqióng) Noun/adjective: “poverty” / “poor (in terms of wealth)” Formal, objective, often refers to material/financial poverty, especially at a societal, national, or statistical level. 穷 (qióng) Adjective: “poor,” “impoverished,” “out of (something),” or “to the extreme.” Informal, more colloquial, can mean financially poor but also “lacking in something,” “to the end/limit,” or “exhausted.” 贫穷: Stresses lack of material wealth or resources. More polite and less likely to offend if describing others’ situations. 穷: Can be financial, or “run out of something” (e.g., 钱穷了 = out of money). Can be used with negative tone or joking. Also appears in idioms: 穷追不舍 (“relentlessly pursue”), 穷极无聊 (“extremely bored”). 3. Example Sentences 贫穷这个村子非常贫穷。 (This village is very poor.) 他小时候生活在贫穷中。 (He lived in poverty when he was young.) 消除贫穷是我们的目标。 (Eliminating poverty is our goal.) 穷我现在很穷，买不起新手机。 (I’m broke now, can’t afford a new phone.) 他是个穷学生。 (He’s a poor student.) 你怎么总是这么穷啊？ (Why are you always broke?) 4. When to Use Which Use 贫穷 for: Talking about poverty as a phenomenon, in data, social issues, policies, formal writing. Being respectful or neutral. Use 穷 for: Daily life, describing someone casually as “broke” or “poor.” Describing not only money, but any kind of lack or extremity. 5. Sharp Differentiation 贫穷: Never means “to the extreme” or “out of” except in money/resources context. 穷: Can be “broke,” “ran out of options,” or “reached the end/extreme” (e.g., 穷尽所有办法 = exhausted all means). 6. In a Nutshell 贫穷 = poverty (formal, objective) 穷 = poor/broke (informal, can also mean “to the extreme”) Never use 贫穷 for anything except economic/material poverty. 穷 is flexible, less polite, and used more casually.

Answer 227

(呆 - dāi1 - means “dull,” “blank,” or “stunned”- It’s used for people who look absent-minded, spaced out, or show no expression) (發呆, fā dāi) Very common in daily conversation Meaning: “to space out,” “to be in a daze,” “to stare blankly” Used to describe someone who’s zoning out, not paying attention, or lost in thought Example: 你怎么又发呆了？ (Why are you spacing out again?) You can hear this in any informal chat between friends, family, or colleagues. 我今天没有精神。总是忍不住发呆你正在做什么呢？我在发呆。其实我想你。 (It is very common to have it as an anwer) ---- How to use 发呆? Only used for temporary, harmless “zoning out” (not for serious mental illness) Used for both kids and adults, at work, school, home, etc. Can be used for yourself or others. Structure: Verb: 发呆 Can be used alone or with a subject Example Sentences 你在发呆吗？ Are you spacing out? 他上课的时候总是发呆。 He always spaces out in class. 我刚才在发呆，没听见你说话。 I was zoning out just now, didn’t hear what you said. 别发呆了，快点干活！ Stop daydreaming! Get to work! 她看着窗外发呆。 She stared blankly out the window. When NOT to use 发呆 Don’t use it to describe serious illnesses (like “dementia” or “痴呆”). Don’t use it for people who are slow to learn—use it for “momentary spacing out.” Not usually used to describe animals, unless you want to sound cute/funny. In summary 发呆 = “spacing out” for a short time (normal, everyday state) It’s gentle and never offensive Use it for people not paying attention, lost in thought, or staring blankly Don’t confuse with 痴呆 (medical/illness) Pro tip: If you could swap in “zone out” or “stare blankly” in English, 发呆 will fit! ---------- A: 你正在做什么？ B: 我在发呆。 I’m spacing out. I’m zoning out. I’m just staring blankly. What does this really mean? The person isn’t doing anything specific. They are just lost in thought, daydreaming, or letting their mind wander. It’s not negative or serious—just casual, maybe a bit bored or relaxed. No special emotion, just mentally “absent” for a bit. How to feel about this answer: It’s honest and a little bit self-deprecating. Similar to saying “Nothing, just zoning out” in English.

Answer 228

权衡 (權衡, quán héng) The most direct translation is sopesate / consider (When looking at alternatives or different ways) Means “to weigh,” “to balance,” or “to consider pros and cons.” Example: 我正在权衡要不要换工作。 (I’m weighing whether to change jobs.) Used in daily life when talking about making decisions. ---- How it's used 权衡 is a formal, but very natural word for Chinese people, especially educated speakers. It’s common in both daily life and work, especially for making decisions. Here’s how to use it so you sound native: Key tips for sounding native with 权衡 1. Pair it with set phrases 权衡利弊 (quán héng lì bì) – weigh the pros and cons (most idiomatic!) 权衡各种选择 – weigh different options 权衡一下 – weigh/consider a bit (adds naturalness!) 2. Keep it short and direct Native speakers usually won’t make long, awkward sentences. Example: 我再权衡一下。 (Let me think it over / weigh it a bit.) 3. Use it when talking about choices or decisions Can be about jobs, relationships, purchases, plans, etc. Example: 我在权衡要不要接受这个offer。 (I’m weighing whether to accept this offer.) 4. Combine with 要/需要/得 Example: 这个问题需要权衡一下。 (This issue needs to be weighed/considered.) 我得权衡一下。 (I need to weigh it.) Sample native-level sentences 你觉得应该怎么做？我还在权衡利弊，没决定。 (I’m still weighing the pros and cons, haven’t decided.) 面试后，我需要权衡一下两个公司的条件。 (After the interviews, I need to weigh the conditions of both companies.) 遇到重要的事，一定要权衡一下，不要冲动。 (When facing something important, you must weigh things and not act impulsively.) 他在权衡换工作的好处和坏处。 (He’s weighing the advantages and disadvantages of changing jobs.) --- * 权衡利弊 (quán héng lì bì) to weigh the pros and cons * 权衡一下 to weigh/consider (something) Example Sentences 我需要权衡一下各种选择。 (I need to weigh all the options.) 做决定前要权衡利弊。 (You should weigh the pros and cons before making a decision.) 他正在权衡要不要辞职。 (He is weighing whether to resign.)

Answer 229

(shě de) In this case we use: she3 - to give up/to abandon/to give alms (Not she4 - residence) 舍得 (shě de) Very common. Means “willing to give up” or “not mind parting with.” Used in both positive and negative forms: 你舍得吗？ (Are you willing to let it go?) 我舍不得。 (I can’t bear to part with it.) 我不舍得打骂她 - I am not willing to scold her 但是我只舍得花基千了不舍 vs 舍不得 Key difference: For daily talk, especially about emotions or daily life, use 舍不得. 不舍 is more poetic, concise, and often seen in writing, but also OK in heartfelt spoken moments. 舍不得 (shě bu dé) Most common in daily conversation. Means: "Can’t bear to part with" "Unwilling to give up" "Can’t let go (emotionally or physically)" Often used for people, things, money, time, etc. Very natural and colloquial. Examples: 我舍不得你。(I can’t bear to be apart from you.) 这件衣服穿了很久，有点舍不得扔。(I’ve worn these clothes for so long, I can’t bear to throw them away.) 他舍不得花钱。(He’s unwilling to spend money.) 不舍 (bù shě) Slightly more formal or literary. Means: "Reluctant to part," "unwilling to let go" Usually used for people or scenes involving separation, often in writing or more emotional moments. Less common in daily speech, more in written Chinese, songs, or poetic situations. Examples: 临别时满是不舍。(Full of reluctance at the moment of parting.) 他转身离开，心中充满不舍。(He turned and left, full of reluctance.)

Answer 230

hong2 - flood/big/great 洪水 (hóng shuǐ) — Flood, flooding Very common, especially during rainy season or in areas with floods. Example: 最近洪水挺严重的。 (The floods are pretty serious recently.) 2. 洪灾 (洪災, hóng zāi) — Flood disaster Common in the news or when talking about major floods. Example: 去年发生了严重的洪灾。 (There was a severe flood disaster last year.) ---- 洪水 (hóng shuǐ) Literal meaning: flood, floodwater Focus: The water itself (the natural event) Use when: Talking about the physical flood—the rising, the water, the phenomenon itself, or the level/amount of water. Examples: 河里发大洪水了。 (There’s a big flood in the river.) 昨天晚上发生了洪水。 (There was a flood last night.) 今年的洪水比去年严重。 (This year’s floods are worse than last year’s.) ------------------ 洪灾 (hóng zāi) Literal meaning: flood disaster Focus: The disaster, damage, and consequences caused by the flood Use when: Talking about the destruction, impact on people, losses, or social problem that the flood brings. Examples: 洪灾造成了很多房屋倒塌。 (The flood disaster caused many houses to collapse.) 今年有成千上万人受洪灾影响。 (Tens of thousands were affected by the flood disaster this year.) 政府正在组织洪灾救援工作。 (The government is organizing flood disaster relief.) --- Rule of thumb: Talking about the water, the flooding event: 洪水 Talking about the disaster, the damage, or the suffering: 洪灾

Answer 231

1. 俗话 (sú huà) What it is: A well‑known saying people quote in everyday life. How it sounds: Modern, plain Chinese you could hear from your grandma or on the street. Typical cue: You can safely introduce it with “俗话说……” and then the line, e.g. “俗话说：‘好饭不怕晚。’” Use it when: You want to support a point with a down‑to‑earth proverb that everyone already knows. 2. 俗语 (sú yǔ) What it is: The entire family of folk sayings—proverbs, pithy lines, even two‑part “riddle” jokes (歇后语). Think of it as the label scholars or teachers use when they talk about “Chinese folk sayings” in general. How it sounds: Slightly more academic than 俗话 because you’re naming the category, not quoting the line itself. Typical cue: You’ll see it in sentences like “中国俗语里常说早起的鸟儿有虫吃。” Use it when: You’re discussing or collecting proverbs as a topic, not actually reciting one to make a point. 3. 成语 (chéng yǔ) What it is: Those fixed, mostly four‑character idioms that come from classical literature, history, or legends (e.g. 掩耳盗铃, 画蛇添足). How it sounds: More literary and concise; each idiom packs a whole story or moral into four characters. Typical cue: Because each one is “set in stone,” changing even one character feels wrong; they’re perfect for formal writing, business slides, or elegant speech. Use it when: You need a punchy, polished line that feels educated or authoritative—especially in writing. In casual talk, sprinkle them sparingly; over‑use can sound bookish. A pocket rule of thumb If you can comfortably put “俗话说” in front, you’re dealing with 俗话. If you’re discussing folk sayings as a cultural theme, mention 俗语. If it’s a neat four‑character idiom from ancient texts, it’s a 成语. --- 1 · 俗话 colloquial proverbs you can preface with “俗话说……” 俗话说：好饭不怕晚。 “Good food is worth the wait.” Why it is 俗话: modern grammar, no classical allusion, length is flexible; people quote it in daily chat to comfort someone who feels things are slow. Too loose to be a 成语; too specific to be the umbrella term 俗语. 俗话说：人多力量大。 “Many hands make light work.” Why it is 俗话: again, plain‑spoken, can be re‑worded (“人多就有力量”) without anyone objecting, so it lacks the rigid form of 成语. Linguists would call it a “民间谚语,” but ordinary speakers label it 俗话 because they use it to make a point. 2 · 俗语 the whole folk‑saying toolbox—here’s one that is clearly 俗语 yet not usually called 俗话姜太公钓鱼——愿者上钩。 Part one hints at a story; part two gives the punch‑line: “Those who want to bite will bite.” Why it is 俗语: this two‑part “歇后语” is a recognised sub‑type of 俗语. It is not normally introduced with “俗话说” because listeners expect the suspense of hearing the second half. It is definitely not a four‑character 成语. 八字还没一撇。 Literally “The first stroke of the character ‘八’ hasn’t even been written”—said when something hasn’t even started. Why it is 俗语: folk metaphor, flexible wording, no fixed four‑character pattern, and too niche to be a broad 俗话 that everyone would quote on any topic. 3 · 成语 classical, four‑character idioms frozen in form 覆水难收 – “Spilt water is hard to gather back.” Why it is 成语: exactly four characters, sourced from a Jin‑dynasty anecdote; change one character and it feels wrong. It is much too literary to be called 俗话, and scholars list it in 成语 dictionaries, not under 俗语 collections. 掩耳盗铃 – “Cover one’s ears while stealing a bell,” i.e., to fool oneself. Why it is 成语: again four rigid characters, traced to the Lüshi Chunqiu. Speakers pick it for its elegance or humour, not because it’s a street proverb. Ordinary people recognise it as 成语 even if they can’t recall the original story. Why the lines stay in their lanes 俗话 lives in everyday speech, tolerates re‑phrasing, and is usually ushered in by “俗话说”. 俗语 is a scholar’s catch‑all for everything the folk invented—standard proverbs, 歇后语, regional riddles—so a quirky two‑part joke fits here better than in the narrower 俗话 label. 成语 demands four stable characters and a classical pedigree; its authority comes from that fixity. Anything longer, modern, or easily paraphrased falls out of the club.

Answer 232

dan3 zi Noun (an internal quality) * 他胆子真大。“He’s really gutsy.” Core meaning - Personal courage or nerve—the willingness to do something risky, bold, or scary * 我没那个胆子去跳伞 - I don’t have the guts to skydive.” Typical collocations 有 / 没 / 缺 / 增大 + 胆子 / 胆子大 / 小 (acts like an adjective phrase) / 拿出 / 鼓起 + 胆子她终于鼓起胆子表白 - She finally mustered the courage to confess. Tone - Everyday, colloquial. Neutral by itself; the tone depends on context (“胆子真大” can be praise or mild reproach). 你胆子太小了。Register Informal speech; in formal writing you’d prefer 胆量. 面试时要有胆量表达观点。 Opposites / related words - 胆量 / 胆识 (formal “courage”)
- 胆小 (timid), 胆小鬼 (coward) 别当胆小鬼！
“Don’t be a coward!” Use 胆子 when talking about someone’s immediate “guts” to take a risky action; use 勇气 for the deeper, principled strength we call “courage.” Quick rules of thumb Casual daring → 胆子你有胆子一个人去闯？ Got the guts to go solo? Serious moral bravery → 勇气她有勇气在公众面前揭露真相。 She had the courage to reveal the truth in public. When writing an essay, speech, or formal note, prefer 勇气. 胆子 feels too chatty. Negative tease: 别当胆小鬼！(Don’t be a coward!) – fits with 胆子. 用勇气面对困难 (Face difficulties with courage) – fits with 勇气.

Answer 233

xiǎo de Core meaning - “to know,” “to be aware of.” Same idea as 知道, but more colloquial / regional. - Common in south‑western Mandarin (Sichuan, Chongqing, parts of Jiangsu, etc.) - Feels casual, friendly, slightly old‑fashioned in standard Mandarin. * 你晓得不？ (Chongqing speech) - 知道 is neutral, works everywhere.
- 晓得 adds a local, down‑to‑earth flavor. Use it deliberately; otherwise default to 知道. ‑ 不晓得 = don’t know
‑ 晓不晓得 / 晓得不 = know or not? ---- Use in casual speech, not formal writing. 今晚聚会你晓得吧？You know about tonight’s get‑together, right? Respond with 晓得了 / 晓得晓得 to show you got the point. 老板：明天早点来！你：晓得了！ (“Got it!”) Combine with local tone words if you want an authentic regional feel. 我晓得噻 (Sichuan style “Yeah, I know!”) ---- - 这个你都晓得 - 不晓得吃完没有 - A:你方便出去是几点？B:我有点不晓得 - 你晓不晓得微信有好玩儿的 - 下周再说嘛不晓得你约那天我有没有空 - 类似KFC，你不晓得嘛？ ---- When not to use 晓得 Formal writing, business emails, presentations → stick to 知道 / 了解. Talking to people unfamiliar with the dialect—use 知道 to avoid confusion.

Answer 234

shǐ jìn (劲 has to pronunciations. jin4, this pronunciation, means strength / energy / enthusiasm / spirit / mood / expression / interest/CL:把[ba3] ） Exert your strength → push harder, pull harder, squeeze tighter, yell louder—anything that needs physical effort Whenever you need someone (or yourself) to do a physical action with muscle and effort, pop 使劲 right before the verb. That’s all there is to it. - 使劲！ “Push!” 1. [使劲] + Verb (可带儿化: 使劲儿) 2. Imperative alone: 使劲! Very colloquial, heard everywhere (sports, moving furniture, labor, joking). --- Scenario Physical work - 使劲抬，别松手！Lift with force, don’t let go! Turning / twisting - 瓶盖太紧，得使劲拧。 Cap’s tight—have to twist hard Cheering someone - 快到终点了，加油使劲！ Almost there, push hard! --- 微信上的句子 * 这两天你就使劲玩~ * 再努力，然后你使劲摸鱼 * 今天晚上我使劲看单词 * 但是这个医生很使劲，肚子有点痛 * 我就使劲跑 * 留给佩勒吃。使劲吃

Answer 235

仔细 (zǐ xì) Meaning: Careful, attentive, thorough (describes the way you do something) Use: To talk about being careful or paying close attention when doing something. Typical collocations: 仔细看 (look carefully), 仔细听 (listen attentively), 仔细检查 (check thoroughly) Example: 请仔细检查你的作业。 (Please check your homework carefully.) 详细 (xiáng xì) Meaning: Detailed, in detail (describes the amount or completeness of information) Use: To talk about giving or having a lot of detail or providing complete information. Typical collocations: 详细说明 (explain in detail), 详细介绍 (introduce in detail), 详细报告 (detailed report) Example: 请写一份详细的计划。 (Please write a detailed plan.) Quick summary 仔细 = careful, with attention (about how you do something) 详细 = detailed, with lots of information (about how much you say or write) If you want someone to be careful: 用“仔细” If you want a lot of details: 用“详细” Let me know if you want examples or a quick quiz!

Answer 236

值钱 (zhíqián) Literal meaning: worth money, valuable in terms of price Use for: Anything with high monetary value—jewelry, houses, cars, antiques, electronics, etc. Typical context: Buying, selling, theft, comparing prices Nature: Only for objects/things, not people or feelings Example sentences: 这块手表很值钱。 (This watch is worth a lot.) 手机现在已经不值钱了。 (This phone isn’t worth much now.) 宝贵 (bǎoguì) Literal meaning: precious, treasured, valuable in a broad or emotional sense Use for: Anything that is important, cherished, or rare—including time, experience, advice, life, friendship, opportunity, and sometimes objects with deep meaning Typical context: Expressing respect, gratitude, or emotional value Nature: For both objects and abstract things/feelings (can also be used for people’s qualities: 宝贵的意见) Example sentences: 这段经历很宝贵。 (This experience is very precious.) 时间很宝贵。 (Time is precious.) 谢谢你的宝贵意见。 (Thank you for your valuable advice.) Key differences in use 值钱宝贵 Value Money, market price Emotional, life, spirit Scope Things, objects only Things + abstract stuff Tone Neutral, factual Positive, respectful Example 这辆车很值钱。友谊很宝贵。 Summary 值钱 = “worth money” (money value, physical things) 宝贵 = “precious/valuable” (emotional/spiritual/rare, can be abstract or material) Pro tip: If you could sell it for a high price, use 值钱. If you’d cherish it in your heart or it’s important in life, use 宝贵. Let me know if you want more examples or a quick quiz!

Answer 237

zu3 zhi3 = “to stop,” “to prevent,” or “to block someone from doing something.” It means to actively stop someone or something from continuing, happening, or succeeding. How to Use 阻止 Type: Verb Pattern: [Subject] + 阻止 + [person/thing] + [action] Common Patterns and Examples 阻止 + someone + verb 妈妈阻止我玩游戏 - Mom stopped/prevented me from playing games. Loca: 必须要阻止 (A) --> A must be stopped 阻止 + something from happening 我们要阻止病毒传播 - We must prevent the virus from spreading. 想办法阻止 (“try to stop”) 他们想办法阻止这场事故。 They tried to prevent the accident. 被阻止 (“be stopped”) 他的计划被阻止了。 His plan was stopped/prevented. Key Points for Precise Use Always about stopping/preventing an action or event. Usually involves some effort—not just letting things happen. Can be used for people (“阻止某人...”), events (“阻止事故发生”), or things (“阻止病毒扩散”). What not to do Don’t use 阻止 for “stop” meaning “pause” (like 停, 停止, 停下). Don’t use 阻止 for stopping yourself (unless it’s reflexive): 我阻止自己说出来。 (I stopped myself from saying it.) Native tip If in English you’d say “prevent,” “stop [someone] from [doing something],” or “hold back,” then 阻止 is the right word! One-line takeaway 阻止 means “to actively prevent or stop something or someone from doing something.” Use it when you want to express that you or someone else is making an effort to block or stop an action or event.

Answer 238

低于 (dī yú) Meaning: “lower than,” “less than” Usage: More formal, used in written or formal spoken language, especially for data, stats, standards, and scientific or business context. Typical structure: 低于 + [number/standard] Example: 温度低于零度。 (The temperature is below zero.) 他的成绩低于平均水平。 (His grade is lower than the average.) Key Differences 不到低于 Tone Casual, very spoken Formal, often written Use for General amounts (time, money, age, distance, number of people, etc.) Data, statistics, formal comparisons, scientific, business Structure [amount/number] + 不到低于 + [amount/number/standard] Example 还有不到三十分钟。 (Less than 30 min left.) 温度低于20度。 (Temp is below 20°C.) Which is more likely in daily conversation? 不到 is much more common in casual daily Chinese. 低于 is less common in daily speech, but still used, especially when people want to sound precise, technical, or are discussing statistics, health, or business. Summary 不到: Use for “less than” in everyday, friendly talk. 低于: Use for “lower than” in formal, statistical, technical, or official contexts. Example in context: 这个房间不到二十平方米。(This room is less than 20 square meters.) → Very natural. 这个数值低于标准要求。(This value is lower than the standard.) → More formal. Let me know if you want more examples or a quick quiz!

Answer 239

低级 (dījí) Means "low level" or "basic." Used for things that are not advanced, simple, or poor in quality. Can also describe actions, language, or jokes that are childish, crude, or unsophisticated (e.g., 低级错误 = basic mistake, 低级笑话 = silly/crude joke). Tone can be neutral (just low-level) or mildly negative (not classy, immature). Not necessarily offensive—sometimes just means "not good enough" or "not advanced." 低俗 (dīsú) Means "vulgar" or "coarse." Used for things (content, behavior, jokes, shows) that are indecent, trashy, or offensive to public morals or good taste. Always strongly negative—implies something is lacking decency or is morally unacceptable. Not about level or quality, but about being culturally or morally inappropriate. In daily life: Use 低级 when you want to say something is basic, unsophisticated, or childish. Use 低俗 when you want to say something is vulgar, indecent, or offensive to public standards. Quick tip: If you mean "not advanced" or "childish/crude," use 低级. If you mean "vulgar" or "offensive," use 低俗. Here’s how you can use both 低级 and 低俗 together or in similar situations: When talking about jokes, language, humor, or entertainment that is not only childish/crude (低级), but also crosses the line to being vulgar/offensive (低俗). In these cases, the thing is both low-level (unsophisticated, dumb) and vulgar (indecent, offensive). Examples: 低级低俗的笑话 (crude and vulgar jokes) Used to criticize jokes that are both immature and morally offensive. 低级低俗的节目 (crude and vulgar TV shows) Refers to programs that are not only tacky and poorly made, but also contain indecent or inappropriate content. 他的行为既低级又低俗。 (His behavior is both childish and vulgar.) Used to criticize someone for doing something that's not only silly or dumb, but also offensive to public decency. Summary: Whenever you want to strongly criticize something for being both “not classy/not advanced” (低级) and “vulgar/offensive” (低俗), you can use both together for extra emphasis. They often appear together in phrases like “低级低俗的内容” to express that something is very bad both in quality and in taste.

Answer 240

Dīcháo 低潮 literally means “low tide,” but in modern Chinese it almost always means a low point, slump, or downturn in something (life, career, emotions, business, etc.). Key Points: Refers to a period when things are not going well, when energy, success, or mood is at its lowest. Often contrasted with 高潮 (gāocháo, “high point/climax”). Describes temporary, natural “ups and downs” in any area of life or work. Common uses: 事业低潮 (career slump) 人生低潮 (life’s low point) 感情低潮 (relationship low) 市场低潮 (market downturn) 情绪低潮 (emotional low) Example sentences: 他最近正经历人生低潮。 (He’s going through a low point in his life recently.) 公司去年经历了业绩低潮。 (The company went through a slump in performance last year.) 每个人都会有情绪低潮的时候。 (Everyone will experience an emotional low sometimes.) 事业遇到低潮时，不要轻易放弃。 (Don’t give up easily when you hit a low point in your career.) How to use it precisely: Use 低潮 for describing a period (not a single event) where things are not going well. It’s neutral or slightly negative, but not hopeless—there’s usually an implication things can get better. Works for both personal and professional contexts. Quick tip: If in English you’d say “slump,” “downturn,” or “rough patch,” you can use 低潮 in Chinese! Let me know if you want more examples or a quick quiz! With 低潮经历 (jīnglì) — experience, go through 经历低潮：经历人生低潮 (experience a low point in life) 进入 (jìnrù) — enter 进入低潮：进入事业低潮 (enter a career slump) 处于 (chǔyú) — be in (a state of) 处于低潮：处于感情低潮 (be in a relationship low) 度过 (dùguò) — get through, pass through 度过低潮 (get through a low period) 走出 (zǒuchū) — walk out of, get out of 走出低潮 (come out of a slump) 遭遇 (zāoyù) — encounter 遭遇低潮 (encounter a low period) 陷入 (xiànrù) — fall into, sink into 陷入低潮 (fall into a low point) 面对 (miànduì) — face 面对低潮 (face a downturn) With 高潮达到 (dádào) — reach, achieve 达到高潮 (reach a climax/high point) 进入 (jìnrù) — enter 进入高潮 (enter a high point) 迎来 (yínglái) — usher in, welcome 迎来高潮 (enter a period of high activity/climax) 出现 (chūxiàn) — appear, occur 出现高潮 (a climax appears) 掀起 (xiānqǐ) — whip up, stir up (more vivid, often for excitement or big events) 掀起高潮 (whip up a climax/high tide) 达到 (dádào) — reach 达到高潮 (reach the peak)

Answer 241

gàomì zhě Meaning 告密者 = “informer,” “snitch,” “person who secretly reports on others to authorities.” Someone who tells (usually secretly) to people in power (police, teachers, leaders, etc.) about someone else’s wrongdoing, rule-breaking, or secrets. Key points for precise use Negative tone: Usually has a strong negative or disapproving feeling in Chinese. It implies betrayal, breaking trust, or “ratting out” someone. Not for casual “telling”: For minor things among kids (“tattletale”), use 打小报告的人 or 打小报告. Formality: 告密者 is quite serious—used in police, legal, or historical/political contexts (e.g., spies, political informers). Typical situations Reporting to authorities in schools, companies, governments, etc. Historical or political events (e.g., someone informing on neighbors during a sensitive era). Crime or legal cases (police informers). Example sentences 他被当作告密者，没人再信任他了。 (He was seen as a snitch, and no one trusted him anymore.) 在电影里，告密者的下场通常很惨。 (In movies, the informer’s fate is usually terrible.) 警方靠一名告密者得到了重要线索。 (The police got important leads from an informant.) When not to use Don’t use 告密者 for a child who just tells on a classmate—use 打小报告的人 instead. Don’t use for positive “whistleblower” cases (e.g., someone exposing corruption for justice)—use 举报人 or 吹哨人. In short 告密者 is a serious, negative term for someone who secretly reports on others, usually seen as disloyal or betraying trust. Don’t use lightly in daily life; reserve it for serious “informant” or “snitch” cases.

Answer 242

(yùsuàn) 预算 = budget (noun or verb: to budget) It seems a very direct translation to the word Budget 常用搭配: 项目预算 (project budget), 市场预算 (marketing budget), 用户获取预算 (user acquisition budget) Useful phrases and sentences 1. We do not have budget for this project. 这个项目没有预算。我们没有为这个项目安排预算。这个项目没有足够的预算。 (This project doesn’t have enough budget.) 2. We have to reduce user acquisition budget. 我们必须减少用户获取预算。我们要削减拉新预算。需要缩减获客预算。 (“用户获取” = user acquisition, “获客” = acquiring customers, “拉新” = acquiring new users.) 3. Our budget is limited. 我们的预算有限。预算比较紧张。 (The budget is tight.) 4. We need more budget. 我们需要更多预算。这个项目还需要追加预算。 (追加预算 = add extra budget.) 5. The budget was cut. 预算被削减了。预算被砍了。 (“砍” is colloquial for “cut.”) Business context phrases 预算分配 (budget allocation) 预算审批 (budget approval) 超出预算 (exceed the budget) 控制预算 (control the budget) 预算不足 (insufficient budget) Quick examples for meetings 目前项目预算有限，需要优先考虑最重要的功能。 (The current project budget is limited; we need to prioritize the most important features.) 由于预算减少，我们要调整推广计划。 (Because of budget cuts, we need to adjust the promotion plan.) 请再核对一下这个月的用户获取预算。 (Please check the user acquisition budget for this month again.)

Answer 243

攻击 (gōngjī) Literal meaning: to attack Usage: Most commonly means to attack physically or verbally. Can refer to direct physical violence, military attacks, cyber attacks, or verbal attacks (insults, criticism). Typical collocations: 攻击别人 (attack others) 网络攻击 (cyber attack) 语言攻击 (verbal attack) Tone: Often feels aggressive, direct, or confrontational. 打击 (dǎjī) Literal meaning: to strike, to hit Usage: Has both literal (to hit, strike) and figurative meanings. Figurative: To deal a blow to someone’s confidence, morale, or to suppress or crack down on something (like crime). Can mean “to discourage,” “to frustrate,” “to crack down (on crime),” “to sap one’s spirit.” Typical collocations: 打击犯罪 (crack down on crime) 打击信心 (strike at one’s confidence) 受到打击 (suffer a setback/blow) Tone: Less direct/physical, often about mental, emotional, or organizational impact. Key differences: 攻击 is about attacking—physically, verbally, or technically—usually actively and directly. 打击 is about striking a blow—can be physical but is often about discouraging, suppressing, damaging confidence, or cracking down on something.

Answer 244

借刀杀人 (借刀殺人, jiè dāo shā rén) with precision and sound sharp and native: Meaning Literal meaning: “Kill with a borrowed knife” Idiomatic meaning: To harm or eliminate someone by using a third party as the tool. You make someone else do the dirty work for you, so you don’t get your hands dirty or take the risk yourself. Classic “use others as a weapon to achieve your own purpose.” How to use 借刀杀人 Describe manipulation: Use it when someone cleverly gets others to attack, sabotage, or ruin a rival for them. It always implies intentional and cunning strategy. Structure: [Subject] + 借刀杀人或者在评论、叙述、分析某人行为时使用 Common scenes: Workplace politics (让别人去告密、举报，自己坐收渔翁之利) History, strategy (e.g., in 三国演义 or business plots) Social maneuvering (manipulating group conflicts) Example sentences 他不会自己出面，而是想办法借刀杀人。 (He won’t act himself—he tries to get others to do the dirty work for him.) 这其实是借刀杀人的手段，他把所有责任都推给了别人。 (This is actually a tactic of “killing with a borrowed knife”—he put all the blame on someone else.) 职场上经常有人借刀杀人，要小心。 (There are always people who use others to do their dirty work in the workplace—be careful.) Tips for sharp, native use Don’t use for simple delegation or innocent teamwork. Only for manipulative, often negative, intentions. Often carries a warning or criticism. Can be used to analyze events in history, business, or drama. In summary: 借刀杀人 = Make someone else attack or harm your target for you, so you benefit and avoid direct blame or risk. If you see someone using others to hurt a rival (especially in a sneaky, clever, or underhanded way), you can say they’re 借刀杀人.

Answer 245

帝国 is a perfect translation of 帝国 * 大英帝国 * 西班牙以前是个很大的帝国他建立了自己的商业帝国 - (He built his own business empire)

Answer 246

上限 (shàngxiàn) – upper limit; maximum Meaning: The highest allowed or possible value (like a cap or maximum). Usage: Common for quotas, prices, speeds, etc. Almost always refers to a number, value, or amount. Examples: 额度上限 (édù shàngxiàn) – credit limit 人数上限 (rénshù shàngxiàn) – maximum number of people 上限是多少？ (Shàngxiàn shì duōshǎo?) – What’s the maximum? 人性无低限和上限 --- Examples: 温度下限 (wēndù xiàxiàn) – minimum temperature 工资下限 (gōngzī xiàxiàn) – minimum wage 下限是多少？ (Xiàxiàn shì duōshǎo?) – What is the minimum? Summary: 上限 = Maximum, cap 下限 = Minimum, floor

Answer 247

1. 丢脸 (diūliǎn) Literal meaning: Lose face Nuance: Focuses on loss of face, dignity, or reputation in front of others. Stresses the feeling of shame and being looked down upon. Scene: Used for situations where your image or social standing is damaged. Examples: 他说谎被大家发现，真丢脸。 (He was caught lying; that’s really embarrassing.) 我当众摔倒，太丢脸了。 (I fell in public—so humiliating!) 2. 丢人 (diūrén) Literal meaning: Lose one’s “person” (dignity/character) Nuance: Emphasizes being shameful, disgraceful, or acting in a way that discredits oneself or one’s group. Often used for behavior considered shameful or improper. Scene: Can refer to yourself or others; sometimes stronger than 丢脸. Sometimes implies you’ve embarrassed your family, group, or country. Examples: 你这样做太丢人了！ (What you did is really disgraceful!) 别在外面丢人！ (Don’t embarrass yourself outside!) 3. 出丑 (chūchǒu) Literal meaning: Show ugliness; make a fool of oneself Nuance: Focuses on performing poorly, making a blunder, or doing something foolish or ridiculous in front of others. Stresses the act itself (the blunder, slip, etc.), not just the result. Scene: Common when talking about making a fool of yourself unintentionally. Can be modest/self-deprecating (“让大家看笑话了”). Examples: 第一次表演，难免会出丑。 (First performance—it’s easy to make a fool of yourself.) 刚才我出丑了，大家别笑我。 (I just embarrassed myself, please don’t laugh!) How to Choose: 丢脸: Focus on loss of face, dignity, or social standing; usually about how you are perceived by others. 丢人: Stronger, often about shameful behavior, can affect not just you but your group’s reputation; more about disgrace. 出丑: Focus on the act of making a fool of yourself; emphasizes the awkward/funny mistake or performance.

Answer 248

脸色 (liǎnsè) — facial expression; complexion Meaning: The look/color/expression on someone’s face, often about health or mood. How to use: Can talk about someone’s health (pale, red, etc.). Can also refer to mood/attitude (angry, upset). Examples: 你脸色不好，是不是生病了？ (You don’t look well, are you sick?) 老板今天脸色很差。 (The boss looks angry/upset today.) 对我不好的人肯定不会给他们好脸色

Answer 249

(liǎnhóng) — to blush; turn red Meaning: Face turns red, usually because of shyness, embarrassment, or anger. How to use: Can be physical (actually blushing) or figurative (feeling shy/embarrassed). Examples: 她一被夸就脸红。 (She blushes whenever she’s praised.) 听到那个笑话，我都脸红了。 (I blushed when I heard that joke.)

Answer 250

厚: thick; deep; rich; generous; substantial; kind. 赖: rely; blame; deny; shameless; refuse; hang on. 1. 厚脸皮 (hòu liǎnpí) — “thick-skinned; shameless” Meaning Describes a person who is not easily embarrassed, doesn't care about criticism, or is not afraid to do things others find shameful. Nuance Often playful or mildly critical, sometimes teasing. Can be self-deprecating. Focuses on a lack of sensitivity to embarrassment or shame. How to Use For someone who keeps asking for favors, money, or attention even after being rejected. For someone who’s not afraid of being looked down upon or criticized. Examples 他真厚脸皮，没做作业还跟老师要分数。 (He’s so shameless—didn’t do his homework but still asked the teacher for marks.) 你脸皮真厚，怎么好意思啊？ (You’re really thick-skinned. How can you have the nerve?) 2. 死皮赖脸 (sǐpí làiliǎn) — “shamelessly persistent; clingy” Meaning Describes someone who is extremely shameless and persistent—won’t give up even after repeated rejection or embarrassment. Literally: “dead skin, clingy face,” i.e., skin so thick you don’t feel any shame, and you keep pushing. Nuance Stronger, often negative. Implies annoying, relentless persistence—not just not embarrassed, but actively pestering, nagging, or refusing to give up. Can sound exasperated or critical. How to Use For people who keep bothering someone, asking or begging, or refusing to take “no” for an answer. Stronger than 厚脸皮, usually used when the person’s actions are annoying. Examples 他死皮赖脸地求她复合。 (He shamelessly pestered her to get back together.) 别死皮赖脸了，人家都说不行了。 (Stop pestering—she already said no.) 3. 没皮没脸 (méipí méiliǎn) — “utterly shameless; without any dignity” Meaning Describes someone with absolutely no sense of shame; does not care about reputation or face at all. Literally: “no skin, no face,” i.e., zero shame. Nuance Very strong, negative, almost insulting. Implies someone has completely lost all sense of dignity or self-respect. Criticizes someone for doing things that are universally recognized as shameless. How to Use For people who do truly outrageous or disgraceful things and don’t care about what others think. Can be used as a harsh insult. Examples 你怎么这么没皮没脸？ (How can you be so utterly shameless?) 他没皮没脸地到处借钱不还。 (He shamelessly borrows money everywhere and never pays it back.)

Answer 251

xiàolǜ 效率 means "efficiency" — how effectively something is done, especially the ratio of output to input. Used to describe the efficiency of people, machines, systems, or processes. Focus is on how quickly, smoothly, or productively something is done, not the quality of the result. 工作效率 “他的工作效率很高。” "His work efficiency is very high." (He gets a lot done in less time.) 学习效率 “这样学习效率更高。” "This way, study efficiency is higher." (You learn more in less time.) 生产效率 “新机器大大提高了生产效率。” "The new machine greatly increased production efficiency." 效率低 “最近我的效率很低。” "Recently, my efficiency has been low." --- 效率很高 (His efficiency is high) = He does things quickly, gets a lot done, or doesn’t waste time/resources. 效果很好 (His effectiveness is good) = He achieves good results, or what he does works well.

Answer 252

率 (lǜ) — rate/ratio (suffix or general concept) Meaning: Used as a suffix to denote rate, ratio, or proportion. Typical context: Every context involving proportions, percentages, rates (like above words). Examples: * 出勤率 (chūqínlǜ) – attendance rate * 完成率 (wánchénglǜ) – completion rate As a standalone word: 事故率很低。(shìgùlǜ hěn dī) "The accident rate is low." ---- 1. 汇率 (huìlǜ) — exchange rate Meaning: The value of one currency compared to another. Typical context: Finance, international trade, travel, investing. Example: 当前美元兑人民币的汇率是多少？ (dāngqián měiyuán duì rénmínbì de huìlǜ shì duōshǎo?) "What’s the current exchange rate for USD to RMB?" 2. 利润率 (lìrùnlǜ) — profit margin / profit rate Meaning: The percentage of profit relative to revenue or cost. Typical context: Business, accounting, data analysis. Example: 公司的利润率今年提高了。 (gōngsī de lìrùnlǜ jīnnián tígāo le) "The company's profit margin increased this year." 3. 占有率 (zhànyǒulǜ) — market share Meaning: The percentage of total sales in a market captured by a company or product. Typical context: Business, sales, marketing, competitive analysis. Example: 该品牌在中国的市场占有率很高。 (gāi pǐnpái zài zhōngguó de shìchǎng zhànyǒulǜ hěn gāo) "This brand has a high market share in China." 4. 增长率 (zēngzhǎnglǜ) — growth rate Meaning: The rate at which something increases over a period of time. Typical context: Economics, business, population, sales, data reporting. Example: 去年的收入增长率达到了10%。 (qùnián de shōurù zēngzhǎnglǜ dádào le shí fēnzhī yī) "Last year's income growth rate reached 10%." 5. 市盈率 (shìyínglǜ) — price/earnings ratio (P/E ratio) Meaning: A financial ratio showing the relation between a company's stock price and its earnings per share. Typical context: Investing, stocks, finance. Example: 这家公司的市盈率很高，投资需谨慎。 (zhè jiā gōngsī de shìyínglǜ hěn gāo, tóuzī xū jǐnshèn) "This company's P/E ratio is high, so invest carefully." 6. 收益率 (shōuyìlǜ) — rate of return/yield Meaning: The return on investment as a percentage, usually annualized. Typical context: Investing, finance, savings. Example: 这只基金的年收益率为8%。 (zhè zhī jījīn de nián shōuyìlǜ wèi bā fēnzhī bā) "This fund’s annual rate of return is 8%." 7. 心率 (xīnlǜ) — heart rate Meaning: The number of heartbeats per minute. Typical context: Medicine, health, fitness, sports. Example: 运动时要注意心率变化。 (yùndòng shí yào zhùyì xīnlǜ biànhuà) "Pay attention to your heart rate during exercise." 8. 比率 (bǐlǜ) — ratio Meaning: The proportional relationship between two numbers. Typical context: Math, data analysis, science, business. Example: 男女比率为3:2。 (nán nǚ bǐlǜ wéi sān duì èr) "The male-to-female ratio is 3 to 2." 9. 点击率 (diǎnjīlǜ) — click-through rate (CTR) Meaning: The ratio of clicks to impressions, used in digital marketing. Typical context: Online advertising, analytics, web traffic. Example: 这个广告的点击率很高。 (zhège guǎnggào de diǎnjīlǜ hěn gāo) "This ad’s click-through rate is very high."

Answer 253

1. 直接 (zhíjiē) – Direct, Straightforward Meaning: Not roundabout; straightforward in method, approach, or language. Typical Use: For actions, methods, speech. Examples: 直接说 (“Say it directly.”) 直接拒绝 (“Directly refuse.”) Key Point: Focuses on manner—not beating around the bush, going straight to the point. Can be neutral or blunt. 2. 诚实 (chéngshí) – Honest Meaning: Tells the truth, does not lie or cheat; honest character. Typical Use: Describing character, especially in trustworthiness. Examples: 他很诚实 (“He is honest.”) 你要诚实地回答 (“Answer honestly.”) Key Point: Refers to truthfulness and reliability, not necessarily about being blunt or direct. 3. 坦率 (tǎnshuài) – Frank, Candid Meaning: Willing to express feelings or opinions openly; not hiding one’s true thoughts. Typical Use: People who frankly express their views or emotions. Examples: 坦率地说 (“Frankly speaking...”) 他很坦率 (“He is frank/candid.”) Key Point: Focuses on openness and sincerity—expressing real thoughts/feelings, even if it’s a bit blunt. 4. 率直 (shuàizhí) – Straightforward, Outspoken Meaning: Open and honest in speech; doesn’t hide feelings; even more direct than 坦率, sometimes to the point of bluntness. Typical Use: A personality trait—direct and outspoken, sometimes lacking tact. Examples: 她性格很率直 (“Her character is very straightforward/outspoken.”) Key Point: Strongest in bluntness; less about openness, more about directness, even if it offends. --- Typical Use Cases 直接: “直接说吧。” ("Just say it directly.") (Describes how to say it, not the truthfulness.) 诚实: “他很诚实，从不说谎。” ("He is honest, never lies.") (Describes truthfulness, not necessarily how directly he speaks.) 坦率: “我坦率地告诉你...” ("Let me tell you frankly...") (Describes openness in expressing real feelings.) 率直: “他的性格很率直，经常得罪人。” ("He is very outspoken and often offends people.") (Describes directness/bluntness, possibly lacking tact.)

Answer 254

(yī yán nán jìn) with precision and sharpness: Meaning 一言难尽 literally means “hard to explain in a few words.” It expresses that the situation is complicated, or there are mixed/complex feelings involved. It’s often used when the full story is too long, nuanced, or delicate to sum up simply. Pinyin: yī yán nán jìn Usage & Context Most common when someone asks about a situation (job, relationship, mood, recent event) and you feel it’s not possible to answer with a simple “good” or “bad.” Implies that the story has ups and downs, or is emotionally complicated. How to Use in a Sentence 作为独立回答 (as a stand-alone answer): 最近怎么样？ (zuìjìn zěnmeyàng?) — 一言难尽…… (yī yán nán jìn…) “How have you been lately?” — “It’s hard to explain...” (implying: It’s complicated.) 加在句子后面 (at the end of a sentence for emphasis): 工作上的事情，一言难尽。 (gōngzuò shàng de shìqíng, yī yán nán jìn.) “Things at work… it’s hard to explain in a few words.” 对具体情况 (about a specific situation): 我和她的关系一言难尽。 (wǒ hé tā de guānxì yī yán nán jìn.) “My relationship with her is complicated.” Key Points Tone: Neutral, but sometimes with a sigh or a helpless feeling. Register: Very natural, frequently used by native speakers, suitable in casual and even slightly formal conversation. Common Mistakes Don’t use it for simple, straightforward situations. Don’t use it if you’re going to immediately give a simple, full explanation. Related Expressions 说来话长 (shuō lái huà cháng) – “It’s a long story.” 复杂 (fùzá) – “Complicated” (more direct, less nuanced/emotional). Summary 一言难尽 = “It’s complicated,” “Hard to explain in a few words,” Best for when you want to signal there’s a deeper, longer story or mixed emotions.

Answer 255

Bowling Bao3 ling2 qiu2

Answer 256

(普 = “for everyone, everywhere; broad and general; not special or limited.”) 科普 (kēpǔ) with precision and no mistake: Meaning 科普 is short for 科学普及 (kēxué pǔjí), meaning “science popularization”. It refers to explaining scientific or technical knowledge in simple, understandable terms for the general public. Contexts As a noun 科普文章 (“popular science article”) 科普视频 (“popular science video”) 科普知识 (“popular science knowledge”) As a verb (colloquial/Internet slang) 给…科普一下 (“to explain something in simple terms to…”) How to Use 科普 in Sentences 1. As a Noun 这本杂志专门发表科普文章。 (zhè běn zázhì zhuānmén fābiǎo kēpǔ wénzhāng) “This magazine specializes in publishing popular science articles.” 2. As a Verb/Slang 你能给我科普一下区块链吗？ (nǐ néng gěi wǒ kēpǔ yīxià qūkuàiliàn ma?) “Can you explain blockchain to me in simple terms?” 让我给大家科普一下这个新功能。 (ràng wǒ gěi dàjiā kēpǔ yīxià zhège xīn gōngnéng) “Let me explain this new feature in plain language to everyone.” Common Scenarios in the Workplace When a data analyst explains a technical term to a product manager or other non-tech staff: “我给你科普一下什么是 A/B 测试。” (“Let me explain what A/B testing is.”) When simplifying complex algorithms, tech, or scientific concepts for a broad audience. Key Points for Precise Use Only use 科普 for explaining things that are technical, scientific, or require expert knowledge. It implies making things easy to understand for non-specialists. Don’t use 科普 for explaining trivial or everyday things (e.g., you wouldn’t use it to explain how to tie shoelaces). Generally, “我给你科普一下” is not offensive in modern spoken Chinese. It’s actually a popular, casual, and friendly way to say “Let me explain this to you in simple terms” — especially about technical or specialized topics. Nuances & Tone Tone matters: If said in a warm, humble, or joking tone, it feels helpful and friendly. Relationship: Among colleagues, friends, or in a group, it’s almost always neutral or positive. Intention: If the speaker sounds condescending, sarcastic, or uses it to “show off,” then it could feel a little patronizing, but that’s not the default. How to Avoid Any Negative Impression Use a softer lead-in: “这个有点复杂，我简单科普一下哈~” (“This is a bit complex, let me briefly explain.”) Or include yourself: “其实我之前也不懂，后来了解了一下，跟你科普一下。” (“Actually, I didn’t know before either, but after learning about it, let me share.”) Bottom Line Most of the time, it’s NOT offensive. It’s only negative if the tone is arrogant or if you use it with people who are senior/experts in the field.

Answer 257

(普 (pǔ) means “universal” or “widespread”, expressing the idea of something being common, spread out, or accessible to all. Its core essence is about broadness, generality, and inclusion—reaching many people or places, not limited or specialized) 普及 (pǔjí) = to popularize / to spread / to make widespread and accessible It means making something common, widely known, or available to most people (not just specialists). Typical Contexts 普及 is used for knowledge, technology, products, skills, education, etc. that start as rare/specialized and then become common. Common in both formal and everyday Chinese. How to Use 普及 1. As a Verb A 被普及 (“A is made widespread / becomes popular”) 普及 + X (“popularize X”) Examples: 手机在中国已经普及了。 (shǒujī zài zhōngguó yǐjīng pǔjí le) "Mobile phones are already widespread in China." 互联网正在普及到农村。 (hùliánwǎng zhèngzài pǔjí dào nóngcūn) "The Internet is being popularized in rural areas." 我们需要普及科学知识。 (wǒmen xūyào pǔjí kēxué zhīshì) "We need to popularize (spread) scientific knowledge." 2. As an Adjective/State 普及率 (pǔjí lǜ) = “rate of adoption/popularity” Example: 这项技术的普及率很高。 (zhè xiàng jìshù de pǔjí lǜ hěn gāo) "This technology has a high adoption rate." Precision Points Use 普及 for things that become available/known to the majority (not for things that are always common or trivial). 普及 implies a process: from rare/limited ➡️ widespread/common. Don’t use 普及 for things that are naturally basic or already universal (like "air" or "water"). Contrast with Other Words 流行 (liúxíng): means “popular” (trendy), not necessarily “widespread in society.” 推广 (tuīguǎng): means “promote” (actively push something), while 普及 is about general accessibility/spread.

Answer 258

(弹 (tán) at its core means “to pluck, flick, or play (a stringed instrument)” and extends to actions involving a quick, elastic motion—like bouncing, springing, or producing sound by touch. Its essence is about creating movement, sound, or energy by a light, quick release or touch.) --- fǎn3 tán2 = to rebound, bounce back, or snap back. It describes something that decreases or falls, but then goes back up again; or a force/object bouncing back after being pushed. Contexts 1.Data/Economics... - Used for numbers (prices, sales, COVID cases, stock market, etc.) that drop and then rise again. “反弹” is very common in news, analysis, and reports. 2. Physical/Everyday Sense Literally, something bounces off a surface or springs back (a ball, rubber band, etc.). How to Use 反弹 A. Data/Trends 失业率出现反弹。 (shīyèlǜ chūxiàn fǎntán) "The unemployment rate rebounded." 股票价格在下跌后反弹了。 (gǔpiào jiàgé zài xiàdiē hòu fǎntán le) "Stock prices rebounded after falling." B. Physical/Object Sense 这个球反弹得很高。 (zhège qiú fǎntán de hěn gāo) "This ball bounces very high." 子弹反弹了回来。 (zǐdàn fǎntán le huílai) "The bullet ricocheted back." Key Points for Precision 反弹 always involves a drop or compression, followed by a movement in the opposite direction (usually up or out). In data, 反弹 describes a recovery after a dip. In physical sense, 反弹 = “bounce back.”

Answer 259

School uniform

Answer 260

(涩 (sè) means “astringent, rough, or hard to swallow”—it describes a sensation that is not smooth, whether in taste (like unripe fruit or strong tea), or in a figurative sense, something that feels awkward, constrained, or hard to express. Its essence is about a dry, puckering, or difficult feeling, either physically or emotionally.) --- 苦涩 (kǔsè) 苦涩 means bitter and astringent (literally) or emotionally bitter/harsh and hard to swallow (figuratively). 苦 (kǔ) = bitter 涩 (sè) = astringent, rough, not smooth (taste or feeling) Use 苦涩 for describing either a literal taste that is both bitter and rough, or a subtle, hard-to-express emotional bitterness—deeper and more complex than just “苦 (bitter).” Contexts 1. Taste (Literal) Describes food or drink that is both bitter and astringent (dry, puckering). Common with tea, Chinese medicine, bitter melon, etc. Example: 这种茶有点苦涩。 (zhè zhǒng chá yǒudiǎn kǔsè) “This tea is a bit bitter and astringent.” 2. Emotion/Feeling (Figurative) Describes feelings that are painful, sour, and hard to describe or express—often when something is sad but with a helpless or resigned flavor. Like “bittersweet” but with more “bitter” and less “sweet.” Example: 看到他们分别，我心里很苦涩。 (kàn dào tāmen fēnbié, wǒ xīnlǐ hěn kǔsè) “Seeing them part ways, I felt a deep bitterness inside.” 他脸上露出一丝苦涩的微笑。 (tā liǎn shàng lùchū yì sī kǔsè de wēixiào) “A trace of a bitter smile appeared on his face.” Key Points for Precision Taste: Use when the taste is both bitter and makes your mouth feel dry or rough. Feeling: Use for sadness, disappointment, or emotional pain that isn’t dramatic crying—more like something hard to express, stuck in your heart. Not for regular bitterness: Use 苦 alone for just “bitter” (taste or feelings), use 苦涩 when it’s more subtle, complex, or layered.

Answer 261

创 - chuàng Essence: To create, innovate, or start something new. It carries the idea of originality, founding, or breaking new ground—making or establishing something for the first time. ----- 创新 (chuàng4 xīn1) 1. Core meaning 创新 means “innovation” (as a noun) or “to innovate” (as a verb). It refers to creating something new or improving something in a novel way. It is not limited to inventing new things; it can also mean improving methods, ideas, or products. 2. When and how to use 创新 As a noun ("innovation") Refers to: A new idea, method, product, or improvement. Example: “科技创新很重要。” (“Innovation in technology is important.”) As a verb ("to innovate") Refers to: The act of introducing new ideas or improving something. Example: “公司需要创新才能发展。” (“The company needs to innovate to grow.”) 3. Common collocations 技术创新 — technological innovation 创新能力 — innovative ability 创新思维 — innovative thinking 推动创新 — drive innovation 鼓励创新 — encourage innovation 4. Precision tips Use 创新 when talking about new ways of doing things, not just brand-new inventions. It’s commonly used in business, tech, education, and even everyday improvements. Don’t confuse it with 发明 (fāmíng), which means "to invent"—as in to create something that has never existed. 5. Example sentences (sharp, precise) “This company is known for its innovation.” (这家公司以创新著称。) “We must innovate to stay competitive.” (我们必须创新才能保持竞争力。) “Innovation drives progress.” (创新推动进步。) 6. What it does not mean Not just any change—must be something new or better. Not simply copying or minor adjustments. Not always about physical things; it can be about ideas, services, or systems. Summary: Use 创新 for anything involving real improvement or newness in methods, ideas, or products. If you keep in mind that it means “innovation” (not just “invention”), you will use it with zero confusion. --- can use 创新 in almost any context where something is genuinely new or creative, even everyday life, as long as what you did is seen as an improvement or a fresh idea. Example with your straw: If you use a straw to drink soup and others think this is clever or an original way to enjoy soup, they could absolutely say you are “创新” or that your action is “很有创新.” 你这样用吸管喝汤，挺有创新的！ (“The way you use a straw to drink soup is quite innovative!”) Or, if describing your behavior: 他的吃法很有创新。 (“His way of eating is very innovative.”) Key points: 创新 can describe big things (like technology, business) and small, daily life ideas, if they’re considered new and useful. The action must have some originality or improvement—just doing something random or copying isn’t enough.

Answer 262

创 - chuàng4 Essence: To create, innovate, or start something new. It carries the idea of originality, founding, or breaking new ground—making or establishing something for the first time. ---- Yes, the character difference helps: 新 “new” vs 意 “idea/intent.” But there’s more nuance, detailed below. 创新 (chuàng‑xīn) = innovation / to innovate → stresses newness and implementation. 创意 (chuàng‑yì) = creative idea / concept → stresses the idea itself and its originality. --- 创新 - “create + new” * Bringing something new into reality—a method, product, system, or process. * It can be a noun (“an innovation”) or a verb (“to innovate”). * innovation / to innovate ---- 创意 - “create + idea/intent” A creative idea or concept—the spark itself. * Nearly always a noun; rarely used as a verb. * creative idea / concept --- How they differ in practice Scope & focus 创新: Broad. Covers the whole act of making or improving things. It implies execution and real‑world effect. 创意: Narrower. Refers to the mental spark or design concept before it’s built. Countability 创新: Often uncountable (“need innovation”), or countable if you name a completed innovation. 创意: Countable by default (“一个很棒的创意” – “a great idea”). Typical domains 创新: Tech, business strategy, policy, manufacturing—anything that can be implemented. 创意: Advertising, design, art, marketing campaigns—idea‑centric fields. Grammar patterns 创新 (verb): 我们必须创新。 (“We must innovate.”) 创新 (noun): 技术创新推动行业进步。 (“Technological innovation drives the industry forward.”) 创意: 你这个创意真不错！ (“Your idea is really good!”) 创意 would be more suitable for * Pitching a clever slogan for a soda commercial * Complimenting a friend’s clever way to organize cables 创新 would be more suitable * Launching a new payment system that halves processing time * Describing a company’s culture * Also to praise a friends creativity, but sound more formal

Answer 263

创造 (chuàng4 zào4): Core Meaning & Nuance 创造 means to create—but with an emphasis on novelty, significance, and originality. It’s about bringing something new or unprecedented into existence or achieving something no one has before. This is not for routine, technical, or everyday “making.” Rule of Thumb Use 创造 when what’s created is ground-breaking, record-setting, or valuable. For routine actions (making, building, producing, etc.), use verbs like 做、建、生成、制造、制作. Tip: Say “做饭” (make food), not “创造饭”—创造 is too grand for minor, everyday acts. Common Collocations * 创造价值 – create valu * 创造机会 – create opportunities * 创造历史 / 创造纪录 – make history / set a record * 创造条件 – create the conditions (for…) * 创造奇迹 – create a miracle * 发挥创造力 – unleash creativity Practical Examples (WeChat & Everyday) 只是他喜欢给他创造成绩的人。 (“He just likes people who create achievements for him.”) 讨厌给我创造麻烦的人。 (“I hate people who create trouble for me.”) 这是你自己创造的工作吗？ (“Is this a job you created yourself?”) Spot-on formal uses: 公司通过技术升级创造了巨大价值。 “The company created huge value through technological upgrades.” 他在奥运会上创造了新的世界纪录。 “He set (created) a new world record at the Olympics.” 孩子的创造力需要被鼓励。 “Children’s creativity needs to be encouraged.” When Not to Use 创造 Everyday actions: “I made dinner” → 我做了晚饭 (not “创造晚饭”) Routine, repetitive, or copied work: Use 制造 or 制作. Summary 创造 is reserved for what’s new, meaningful, or exceptional. Use it when you want to emphasize creativity, innovation, or setting a precedent. For everything else, choose a more ordinary verb. Think of 创造 as the verb for “making a difference,” not just making something.

Answer 264

创 (chuāng) in this reading means “wound / cut / trauma.” 伤 (shāng) means “injury / hurt / damage.” Putting them together intensifies the idea: a wound that hurts—i.e., trauma. The double emphasis makes it suitable for both severe physical injuries and deep emotional ones. **Medicine / first aid** “trauma,” “wound” 头部创伤 (head trauma), 外科创伤 (surgical trauma) Any serious bodily injury, especially from violence or accidents. **Psychology / life events** “emotional trauma” 心理创伤, 童年创伤 Long‑lasting mental or emotional damage. **Figurative / business** “damage,” “shock” 市场创伤, 品牌创伤 Major setback that leaves lasting scars (more formal style). --- Rule: If the injury is mild (scrape, bruise), say 伤口 (shāng‑kǒu) or 小伤. If it is deep, life‑threatening, or leaves long‑term effects, say 创伤. 3. Register and tone Formal‑neutral: Used in news, medical reports, academic writing, professional speech. In everyday chat people often switch to 伤 or simply describe the injury unless they want to emphasize seriousness. 4. Common collocations to sound natural 严重创伤 — severe trauma 创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) — literally “trauma‑after stress disorder” 创伤护理 — trauma care 创伤修复 — trauma repair / healing 避免二次创伤 — avoid secondary trauma --- 6. Spot‑on examples 事故导致多处创伤，需要紧急手术。 “The accident caused multiple traumas that require emergency surgery.” 她童年的心理创伤影响了成年后的亲密关系。 “Her childhood trauma affected her adult relationships.” 企业在这场危机中遭受了严重创伤，但也促成了改革。 “The company suffered serious damage in the crisis, but it also spurred reforms.” 7. Memory hook 创 (wound) + 伤 (hurt) → trauma that cuts deep and keeps hurting. Use 创伤 whenever the wound—physical or psychological—is serious, lasting, or transformative. For anything less, reach for 伤口 / 小伤 / 伤害 instead.

Answer 265

拿起 (ná qǐ) is a common and natural phrase for native Chinese speakers. It means "pick up" or "take up" (as in to lift something). It’s used in daily conversation, especially when talking about physically picking something up with your hand. Examples: 请把书拿起来。 (Please pick up the book.) 他把手机拿起来了。 (He picked up his phone.) Notes: You often see 拿起 with an object (like 拿起手机, 拿起笔). It's slightly more formal or descriptive than just 拿, but very common and clear. In casual speech, sometimes people just use 拿 if the context is obvious. -- 拿起 is used when something is in a lower position or resting somewhere (table, floor, ground, bed, etc.), and you pick it up with your hand. Correct scenarios: Object is on the floor: 拿起手机 (pick up the phone) On a table: 拿起杯子 (pick up the cup) On a bed: 拿起书 (pick up the book) On the ground: 拿起钱包 (pick up the wallet) Not correct for: When something is already in your hand (you would use "hold" or "grip": 拿着, 抓住) When you mean pick up (fetch) a person (like from the airport), then you use 接 (jiē) Key point: 拿起 is for the action of lifting or picking up an object from a surface or lower position using your hand. Summary: Whenever you move an object from a resting/lower position into your hand, 拿起 is correct. --- It is not used figuratively in any way

Answer 266

Pinyin 预测 (yù cè) 预计 (yù jì) 估计 (gū jì) 5-word definitions 预 (yù) “ahead of time; beforehand; advance” 测 (cè) “measure; gauge; observe; test; predict” 估 (gū) “estimate; appraise; value; assess; guess” 计 (jì) “calculate; count; plan; idea; scheme” ------ 1. 预测 (predict, forecast) Based on: Data, analysis, scientific/technical models. Use when: Formal reports, analytics, weather, business forecasting. Key feature: Rigorous, data-driven. Example: 天气预报预测明天有雨。 (The forecast predicts rain tomorrow.) 2. 预计 (expect, project, plan) I + expect + THAT Based on: Plans, reasonable calculations, schedules. Use when: Business planning, scheduling, logistics, formal/informal situations. Key feature: Forward-looking expectation; semi-formal, often linked to timing or quantity. Examples: 列车预计晚上九点到达。 (The train is expected to arrive at 9pm.) 我预计5分钟。 (I expect [to need] 5 minutes.) WeChat Examples: 你要先去餐厅吗？我们预计要七点多了 (You go to the restaurant first? We expect to arrive after seven.) 预计有加班 (Overtime is expected) 预计恢复时间为2025-05-12 (Estimated recovery time is 2025-05-12) 预计21:20达到 (Expected to arrive at 21:20) 3. 估计 (estimate, guess) Based on: Intuition, personal judgment, rough calculation. Use when: Daily conversation, casual estimates, gut feeling. Key feature: Informal, not precise or official. Example: 我估计他快到了。 (I guess he’s almost here.) 一句话精髓总结预测: 专业/科学预测（有数据、模型）预计: 计划/安排/预期（时间、进度、量，半正式）估计: 个人估算/猜测（口语、随意） Tips for sounding sharp: Use 预测 for anything involving analytics or formal reporting. Use 预计 for scheduling, business plans, or when giving time/quantity expectations. Use 估计 in casual talk or when expressing a rough guess.

Answer 267

gong1 yi4 公 (gōng) - Shared by all; not private 益 (yì) - Benefit, increase, advantage, positive effect ------------- Essence Meaning: For the public good, charity, non-profit, benefitting society—not for personal or organizational profit. Word Type & Structure Not a verb. Can be a noun (“public welfare/charity”): 他热心于公益。 (He’s passionate about public welfare.) Most often an adjective modifier (noun modifier): 公益广告 (public service ad) 公益活动 (charity event) 公益项目 (non-profit project) Organizer Can be private, individual, or public. What matters is intention and result: helps the public, not self-profit. When NOT to use Never for for-profit, commercial, or personal/family benefit. Never use as a verb by itself (not “to 公益”). Action verbs For actions, use phrases like: 做公益 (do charity work) 参与公益 (participate in public welfare) Quick test before using Is the goal to benefit the public, with no commercial interest? → 公益 is correct. Is it for personal or business gain? → Don’t use 公益. If you remember: 公益 = for public benefit, not for profit, and never a verb —you’ll always get it right!

Answer 268

If; like; resemble (ruò) (ruò wú qí shì) “As if nothing had happened.” To act/carry oneself as though nothing unusual or problematic has occurred, even if something did. Tone: Calm, unaffected, pretending, or genuinely unconcerned. Proactively hiding something (Pretending nothing happened, even though you know and maybe care.) Genuinely not caring / not giving importance (You know what happened, but you truly think it’s not a big deal and act naturally.) 他若无其事地走进了办公室 - He walked into the office as if nothing had happened. 她面对批评时，依然若无其事 - She remained unfazed in the face of criticism. 发生了误会，他还是若无其事地和大家聊天。 (There was a misunderstanding, but he kept chatting with everyone as if nothing had happened.) → He could be hiding awkwardness, or he could really not mind.

Answer 269

实 (shí): Real; true; solid; actual 施 (shī): Carry out; apply; bestow; execute 采 (cǎi): Pick; gather; select; adopt 应 (yīng / yìng): Should; ought to; respond; suit ----- 实施 (shíshī) — implement, carry out To put a plan, strategy, or measure into action in the real world, often in an organized, step-by-step, or large-scale way. Typical use: Used for policies, projects, strategies, systems, and official plans. Register: Formal; common in business, government, and technical writing. Example: * 实施新政策 (implement a new policy) * 实施项目 (carry out a project) --- 采用 (cǎiyòng) — adopt, select for use To choose and start using a method, tool, standard, or approach (often from several options). Typical use: * Used for methods, technologies, suggestions, approaches—focus is on the act of choosing. Register: Neutral-formal; used in both written and spoken Chinese. Example: * 应用新方法 (adopt a new method) * 采用先进技术 (adopt advanced technology) 3. 应用 (yìngyòng) — apply, application To use something in a specific situation—to “put it to work” in practice. Focuses on the practical use of tools, theories, or knowledge. Typical use: Used for technologies, knowledge, principles, skills—what is being used in a real-life scenario. Register: Neutral; suitable for formal and everyday speech. Example: * 应用人工智能 (apply artificial intelligence) * 理论应用到实践中 (apply theory to practice) --- If you are advising or urging him that he must put a money-making system into practice—not specifying which one or how, just that he needs to do it—the best and most natural word is: 实施 (shíshī) Why? 实施 clearly means “to put into effect/implement” (especially for a system, strategy, or model). It is action-oriented and fits best when encouraging someone to “make it happen” in a real, organized way. It’s not about choosing (采用) or just using in daily life (应用), but about carrying out or executing a plan or system. Sample phrases for your context: 你必须实施一个赚钱模型。 (You must implement a money-making system.) 你需要开始实施一个赚钱模型，把影响力变成收入。 (You need to start implementing a money-making system to turn your influence into income.) 光有流量不够，必须实施赚钱的模式。 (Having traffic alone isn’t enough—you have to implement a way to make money.) Summary: For telling someone to “put a system into practice,” use 实施—it’s direct, professional, and fully appropriate.

Answer 270

bēi wēi - 卑微 — Expert Usage Notes Essence & Core Meaning 卑 = low, humble, base 微 = tiny, slight, insignificant 卑微 = humble, lowly, insignificant (in status, position, or self-worth) How to Use Describes: A person’s status/position as low or unimportant Someone’s attitude as humble, self-effacing, or feeling inferior Typical contexts: Talking about someone’s background, job, or social standing Expressing one’s own humble position in a self-deprecating way Describing a small, unimportant existence or feeling Common phrases: 卑微的出身 — humble/lowly background 卑微的愿望 — a humble wish 感到卑微 — to feel insignificant/humble When not to use: Don’t use for simple humility (use 谦虚 for “modest” in a positive sense) Don’t use to praise someone—卑微 often has a negative or self-effacing nuance Avoid for objects or things (mainly for people/status) Tone & Register Slightly literary or formal—common in writing, speeches, or reflective speech Can sound self-pitying or overly self-deprecating if used to describe oneself Examples 他出身卑微，却很有志气。 (He came from a humble background but has great ambition.) 她在大公司只是个卑微的小职员。 (She is just a lowly clerk in a big company.) 我只是个卑微的普通人。 (I’m just an insignificant/ordinary person.)

Answer 271

送达 (sòng dá) — Expert Usage Notes Core Meaning Send and deliver to recipient. Emphasizes the act of officially delivering something to a specific person or address, with the item actually reaching the destination. Usage Context Formal/legal/business language Official documents, notifications, court papers, legal notices, contracts Logistics, courier, shipping confirmations (formal) Implies the item or document has successfully arrived and reached the intended party. Example Sentences 法院已将传票送达给被告。 (The court has delivered the summons to the defendant.) 快递已经送达您的地址。 (The parcel has been delivered to your address.) 合同文件需要亲自送达。 (The contract must be delivered in person.) Sharp Distinction 送达 ≠ 发送: 发送 = to send (focus on action, not arrival) 送达 = to deliver (focus on successful arrival) Use 送达 when the actual, confirmed arrival at the destination is important—especially in legal, official, or formal scenarios. When NOT to use Don’t use 送达 for casual sending (texts, emails, gifts among friends). Use only when official arrival at recipient matters. Summary for sharp use: 送达 = Official/formal delivery with confirmed arrival Use for legal docs, formal notices, confirmed shipments—not for informal or casual sending. Always involves the item/document truly reaching the recipient.

Answer 272

热血 (rè xuè) — Figurative meaning Full of passion, enthusiasm, and courage Brave, fired up, energetic, idealistic (often for a cause or dream) Implies emotional intensity and a youthful, positive spirit So it is not the exact same as passionate This sounds vivid and strong, and would be understood as describe someone as bold, passionate, and full of life,” not just “friendly” or “warm-hearted.” Usage Context Describing people: 热血青年 (“hot-blooded youth”; passionate young person) 他很热血。 (He’s very passionate/brave/enthusiastic.) Describing actions/atmosphere: 热血沸腾 (rè xuè fèi téng) — “blood boiling with excitement” Describing genres: 热血漫画 / 热血动漫 — shōnen anime, action genres focusing on heroism, courage, and youthful spirit Example Sentences 这部电影很热血。 (This movie is very passionate/inspiring.) 我们需要热血的人才。 (We need passionate/talented people full of drive.) 他为理想而奋斗，真是热血青年。 (He fights for his ideals—truly a passionate youth.) Sharp Distinction Not just “warm-hearted” (which is 热心) Focuses on enthusiasm, energy, and courageous spirit, not just kindness or friendliness When NOT to use Don’t use for calm, rational, or unemotional actions/people Don’t use for generic kindness/helpfulness (use 热心 instead) Summary for sharp use 热血 = passionate, brave, energetic spirit (often young, idealistic) Use to describe energetic people, inspiring actions, or exciting atmospheres—never just “nice” or “helpful.” Perfect for highlighting drive, courage, and emotional power!

Answer 273

奔 (bēn): Rush; run quickly; flee; hurry 波 (bō): Wave; ripple; undulation; fluctuation -------------------------- 奔波 (bēn bō) — Expert Usage Notes Core Meaning Rush around; busy traveling; run about Describes a state of being constantly on the move, working hard, usually over long distances or between places, often for work, errands, or life’s necessities. Usage Context Implies tiring, hectic, repetitive running around—not just a single trip. Used for people who are busy with travel, commuting, work, errands, or life pressures. Carries a sense of fatigue or being worn out by frequent movement. Example Sentences 他每天在城市里为生活奔波。 (He rushes around the city every day for a living.) 父母为孩子的学业奔波。 (Parents rush about for their children's education.) 一整年都在外地奔波，很累。 (I've been traveling for work all year—very tiring.) Sharp Distinction 奔波 ≠ 旅行 (travel), 出差 (business trip), 跑 (run) 奔波 stresses continuous, tiring, not-for-pleasure movement, often with a sense of hardship. 旅行 = travel (may be enjoyable) 奔波 = running around due to necessity/duty When NOT to use Don’t use 奔波 for leisurely travel, vacations, or a single relaxed trip. Don’t use for movement without a sense of fatigue or duty. Summary for sharp use: 奔波 = Tiring, repetitive running around for work or life Implies exhaustion and necessity, not leisure Use for describing hard-working, busy lifestyles, frequent commuting, or life struggles—not for fun travel or one-time events. 奔波 — Common Grammar Patterns 1. 为……奔波 (bèi...bēn bō) “Run around for (something/someone)” 为生活奔波 (run around for a living) 为家人奔波 (rush about for the family) 为工作奔波 (run around for work) 为孩子/孩子的学业奔波 (rush about for the child/their studies) 2. 在……中奔波 “Be busy rushing around in (a place/context)” 在城市中奔波 (rushing around in the city) 在各地奔波 (traveling around various places) 在路上奔波 (constantly on the road) 3. 奔波于……之间 “Rush between (places/things)” 奔波于家和公司之间 (rush between home and work) 奔波于各个客户之间 (run around between various clients) 4. 一直/总是/天天/经常 + 奔波 “Constantly/always/often rush about” 他一直在外奔波。 (He is always traveling around.) 她天天为生计奔波。 (She rushes about for a living every day.) 5. Subject + 为了……而奔波 “In order to... rush about” 为了家庭幸福而奔波 (Rush about for family happiness) 为了理想而四处奔波 (Run around everywhere for dreams) Notes for sharp use Most often, 奔波 is paired with 为了/为 (for, because of) and the thing/person you work hard for. Can be modified with 时间频率 (always, often, everyday). Focuses on continuous, exhausting effort. Examples for easy memorization: 他为工作天天奔波。父母一直在为我们奔波。这些年我都在外地奔波。

Answer 274

卫 (wèi) - Guard; protect; defend; safeguard -------------- 保护 (bǎo hù) Meaning: To protect, safeguard, preserve (from harm or damage) Key Features: Emphasizes care, preservation, and prevention of harm. Used for people, animals, environment, property, rights, etc. Involves passive or active protection (e.g., sheltering, taking care, preventing damage). Often long-term, ongoing, or about care. Common Collocations: 保护环境 (protect the environment) 保护动物 (protect animals) 保护儿童 (protect children) 保护个人隐私 (protect personal privacy) 保卫 (bǎo wèi) Meaning: To defend, guard, safeguard (from attack or threat) Key Features: Focuses on defense against outside threats or attacks. Used for territory, country, city, homeland, honor, security, etc. Implies active, sometimes military or forceful defense or guarding. Usually about defending against real or potential danger. Common Collocations: 保卫国家 (defend the country) 保卫家园 (defend the homeland) 保卫边疆 (guard the border) 保卫和平 (defend peace) How to choose: Is it about care, preservation, preventing harm or loss? → Use 保护 Is it about defending from an attack, threat, or enemy? → Use 保卫 Remember: 保护 = protect, take care of 保卫 = defend, guard against threat 1. 保卫 + [Object] This is by far the most common: 保卫祖国 (defend the motherland) 保卫国家 (defend the country) 保卫家园 (defend the homeland) 保卫边疆 (guard the border) 保卫和平 (defend peace) 保卫城市 (defend the city) 保卫领土 (defend the territory) 保卫人民 (defend the people) 2. 为了保卫 + [Object]，…… “To defend [object], …” (shows purpose/motivation) 为了保卫国家，我们必须团结。 (To defend the country, we must unite.) 3. [Subject] + 保卫 + [Object] Explicit subject for clarity or emphasis: 士兵们保卫边疆。 (The soldiers defend the border.) 人民军队保卫祖国。 (The people's army defends the motherland.) 4. 保卫……免受……(的)侵害/攻击 “Defend… from (danger/attack)” (less common, but formal) 保卫家园免受敌人的侵害。 (Defend the homeland from enemy invasion.) 保卫儿童免受暴力。 (Defend children from violence.) 5. 参加/参与保卫 + [Object] (的行动/斗争) “Take part in the defense of…” 参加保卫国家的斗争。 (Take part in the struggle to defend the country.)

Answer 275

等待 vs. 等 — Bulletproof Notes 1. 等待 (děng dài) Meaning: To wait (patiently and expectantly) for something specific or important. Feeling: Implies patience, purpose, or hope—often looking forward to a result or outcome. Formality: More formal and literary. Used in writing, speeches, or to add emotional weight. Typical structure: 等待 + object E.g. 等待机会 (waiting for an opportunity), 等待答案 (waiting for an answer) Best for: Describing serious, thoughtful, or emotionally significant waiting. 2. 等 (děng) Meaning: To wait (neutral, general-purpose). Feeling: Everyday, casual—no special emotion or expectation. Formality: Universal; fits all situations (spoken and written). Typical structure: 等 (alone) or 等 + object/clause E.g. 等我一下 (wait for me), 我在等你 (I’m waiting for you) Best for: All casual or brief waiting, or when no emotional weight is intended. Shortcut rules: Use 等 for everyday, neutral waiting. Use 等待 when you want to express patience, purpose, or emotional expectation. --- 等 (just waiting, no emotion or hope implied): 等一下！(Wait a moment!) 我在等公交车。 (I’m waiting for the bus.) 等待 (waiting with expectation or emotional patience): 我在等待机会改变命运。 (I am waiting for a chance to change my fate.) 他等待多年的答案终于来了。 (The answer he had waited for many years finally arrived.) 我们已经等待了很久。 (We have waited for a long time.) 请耐心等待通知。 (Please wait patiently for notification.) 成功只会属于那些懂得等待的人。 (Success only belongs to those who know how to wait.) 她在机场等待父母。 (She is waiting for her parents at the airport.) 科学家们正在等待实验结果。 (Scientists are waiting for the experiment results.) Common Grammar Structures Subject + 等待 + Object 我等待你。 (I’m waiting for you.) 等待 + Clause 他等待机会出现。 (He’s waiting for an opportunity to appear.) 正在 + 等待 + Object 我们正在等待结果。 (We are waiting for the results right now.) 被 (bèi) + 等待很多问题被等待解决。 (Many problems are waiting to be solved.) (Passive, less common in speech)

Answer 276

抽 (chōu) Definition: Pull out; draw; extract; take from In context: 抽时间 = “pull out time” (carve out/make time) 抽烟 = “draw smoke” (smoke a cigarette) 抽签 = “draw lots” (pick by drawing) ------------- 抽时间 (chōu shíjiān) — Usage Notes Essence Meaning: To make time; to find time (out of a busy schedule) for something (Implies effort—carving out time even when busy) Key points Used to politely acknowledge someone’s effort in making time. Implies that the schedule is tight, and “making time” is appreciated. Can be used for yourself or to thank others. Common grammar structures 抽时间 + do something 我想抽时间学习中文。 (I want to make time to study Chinese.) 抽出时间 + do something (With 出, slightly emphasizes “pulling out” time) 谢谢你抽出时间见我。 (Thank you for making time to see me.) (sb.) 能/可以/要/会 + 抽(出)时间 + do something 你能抽时间帮我吗？ (Can you make time to help me?) 他每天都会抽时间锻炼身体。 (He makes time to exercise every day.) Enlightening Examples 老板很忙，但他还是抽时间参加了会议。 (The boss is very busy, but he still made time to attend the meeting.) 如果你能抽时间过来，我们可以一起聊聊。 (If you can make time to come over, we can have a chat.) 我尽量抽时间陪家人。 (I try my best to make time for my family.) 感谢您抽时间回复我。 (Thank you for taking the time to reply to me.) Summary Table Structure Meaning 抽时间 + do sth make time to do sth 抽出时间 + do sth pull out/make time to do sth 谢谢你抽时间... Thank you for making time... 能/会/要/尽量抽时间... Can/will/try to make time... Pro tip: Use 抽时间/抽出时间 to sound polite, professional, and appreciative, especially in emails, meetings, or when talking about busy schedules.

Answer 277

样本 (yàngběn) means “sample” in a statistical or scientific sense—it refers to the actual sample itself (the set of units or cases you select from a population). However, if you want to specifically refer to sample size (the number of units in the sample), the correct and precise word is 样本量 (yàngběn liàng). Usage: 样本 = sample (the group/cases/units you study) 样本量 = sample size (the number of units in the sample) Example sentences: 这个实验的样本量是200。 (The sample size of this experiment is 200.) 我们需要一个更大的样本。 (We need a bigger sample.) Summary: Talking about the group/cases: 样本 Talking about the number/size: 样本量 To refer to statistical sample size, use: 样本量 (yàngběn liàng)

Answer 278

述 (shù, same as traditional) State; narrate; recount; express in words Key points: * Emphasizes describing or telling something systematically, often in detail. * Common in formal or structured contexts (e.g., reports, storytelling). ---- Mostly common when we want to say USE I: This book tells the story / this story says... USE II: Tell (When it means narrate) ----- 讲述 = narrate, tell, recount (in detail) Focus: Systematic, clear, and often orderly description or story Typically used for stories, experiences, processes, events, or situations Key Usage Points Implies more structured, complete, and organized telling than just 说 (shuō). Usually involves explaining or describing at some length—not just a word or sentence. Common in presentations, speeches, essays, reports, interviews. Most Common Grammar Structures 讲述 + 宾语 (object) * 讲述故事 (narrate a story) * 讲述经历 (recount an experience) * 讲述过程 (describe the process) A 向/给 B 讲述 C * 他向大家讲述了自己的成长经历。(He narrated his growing-up experience to everyone.) 关于/对……进行讲述 * 他对公司的发展进行了详细讲述。(He gave a detailed account of the company's development.) Enlightening Examples * 老人讲述了战争年代的故事。(The old man recounted stories from the war years.) * 请你简单讲述一下你的项目。(Please briefly describe your project.) * 她在采访中讲述了自己的创业经历。(She recounted her entrepreneurial experience in the interview.) * 这本书主要讲述了一个家庭的变迁。(This book mainly tells the story of a family’s changes over time.) Sharpness Tips Use 讲述 when you want to emphasize order, clarity, and detail in telling something. Avoid using it for casual or short “saying”—use 说 for those. 讲述 is slightly more formal, fits best in presentations, storytelling, and official contexts.

Answer 279

陆、陸 (lù) Land; continent; shore (not sea or air) * Refers to dry land, as opposed to water or air. * Used in words like 大陆 (continent, mainland), 陆地 (land), 登陆 (to land, disembark). ============ 陆续 - lù xù - one after another; in succession, successively (STH/SB + 陆续 + verb) 客人们陆续来了。 The guests came one after another. 欢迎光临我公司的网站，我们将竭诚为您服务！乐爵士产品资料陆续更新中. Welcome to the website of our company, we will serve you faithfully! RoJazz products one after another update www.ro-jazz.com 有关一起恶性交通事故的报道开始陆续传来。News of a serious road accident is just coming in in succession 选举结果陆续传来，失败的情绪越来越重。The gloom deepened as the election results came in.

Answer 280

累 lèi Everyday, all‑purpose “tired.” Neutral, spoken in any setting. Typical intensifiers: 好累, 累死了, 累坏了. Example: 开了一整天会，我累坏了。I’m wiped out after a full day of meetings. 劳累 láolèi Tired specifically from sustained work or effort. Slightly more formal than 累; common in speech and writing. Common phrases: 劳累过度 “over‑exerted,” 身体劳累 “physically worn‑out.” Example: 他因照顾孩子日夜劳累。He’s exhausted from caring for the child around the clock. 疲劳 píláo Technical or medical “fatigue” (function declines). Used with body parts, safety warnings, engineering. 视觉疲劳 eye fatigue, 疲劳驾驶 fatigued driving. Example: 连续开车两小时易产生疲劳。Driving two straight hours easily causes fatigue. 疲倦 píjuàn Weary + sleepy; literary or formal tone. Conveys mental drain and drowsiness. Common collocations: 倍感疲倦, 神情疲倦. Example: 通宵写报告后，他异常疲倦。After an all‑nighter writing the report, he felt exceptionally weary. Useful grammar and expression patterns 很／特别／极其 + 累／劳累／疲倦 → degree: 今天特别累。I’m really tired today. 因…而劳累／疲倦 → cause: 她因加班而劳累。She’s worn‑out from overtime. 劳累／疲劳 + 过度 → “over‑” fatigue: 劳累过度导致失眠。Excessive overwork caused insomnia. 感到／产生 + 疲劳／疲倦 → “feel / develop”: 长途飞行让人感到疲劳。Long flights make people feel fatigued. 累死／累坏 (colloquial exaggeration): 赶项目把我累死了。The rush project nearly killed me. 疲劳 + 名词 compounds for technical terms: 疲劳驾驶 “fatigued driving,” 疲劳测试 “fatigue test.” One‑line memory hook 累 = universal tired → 劳累 = tired from hard work → 疲劳 = clinical fatigue → 疲倦 = sleepy weary.

Answer 281

层次 — Meaning & Essence Literal meaning: Layer; level; rank; order; gradation. Essence: Describes different levels, stages, or layers within a system, structure, organization, or idea. Emphasizes clear separation, order, or hierarchy among those levels. Used both for physical arrangements (layers in a cake, structure of a building) and abstract ideas (levels of understanding, social classes, logical order). Key Contexts Physical or visual layers: 这幅画的层次分明。 (The layers in this painting are distinct.) Organizational or social hierarchy: 公司管理有明确的层次。 (The company has a clear management hierarchy.) Depth or richness (of writing, art, thought): 这篇文章层次丰富。 (This essay has rich layers/depth.) Logical structure: 他的发言没有层次。 (His speech lacks structure/organization.) Common Grammar Structures 层次 + 分明/清晰/丰富 (layers/levels are clear/rich) 没有/缺乏层次 (lacks structure/layers) 提高/增加层次 (enhance/add depth) 分为多个层次 (divided into multiple levels/layers) Summary Table 用法说明例子层次分明 Structure is clear & organized 文章结构层次分明层次丰富 Many levels/depths (art, writing, ideas) 这部小说层次丰富缺乏层次 Lacks hierarchy/organization 这次讨论缺乏层次 Pro Tips Use 层次 when talking about the quality of organization, complexity, or depth (not just simple levels). If it’s about structure, hierarchy, or depth—层次 is usually correct. Don’t use for simple numeric levels (like “Level 2” in a game); use 等级 or 级别 for those. Memorize: 层次 = the arrangement and depth of layers, levels, or ideas within something—physical or abstract. It always implies a sense of order or richness. Let me know if you want custom examples for your context!

Answer 282

质疑 (zhì yí) Essence: To question, doubt, or challenge the correctness, truth, or legitimacy of something. Implies skepticism, challenge, or confrontation—often questioning authority, statements, claims, or facts. Part of speech: Verb: (to challenge, to question) 我质疑他的结论。 (I question/challenge his conclusion.) Noun: (a challenge, a doubt/objection) 他对这项政策提出了质疑。 (He raised doubts about this policy.) Common context: Public debate, academic discussion, legal challenges, questioning honesty or correctness. Often points out something that may be wrong or false. Connotation: Stronger, more confrontational than “just having a question.” Often associated with challenging authority, legitimacy, facts, or motives. 疑问 (yí wèn) Essence: A question, doubt, or something not understood. Refers to uncertainty or curiosity, wanting clarification, or not knowing an answer. Part of speech: Noun only. 我还有一个疑问。 (I still have a question/doubt.) 对于这个问题大家都有疑问。 (Everyone has doubts/questions about this problem.) Common context: Personal confusion, general inquiry, questions in class, scientific unknowns. Does not imply something is wrong, just that it is not understood or is unclear. Connotation: Neutral, non-confrontational; just expresses lack of understanding or need for clarification.

Answer 283

多云 (多雲, duō yún) – Usage and Precision Notes Definition: 多云 means “cloudy” or “partly cloudy.” It literally translates as “many clouds.” Primary Use: Used almost exclusively to describe weather conditions. Indicates that the sky is covered with clouds, but it is not necessarily overcast or raining. It is a standard term in weather reports and daily conversation. Typical Contexts: Weather forecasts: "今天多云" (“It’s cloudy today.”) Small talk about the weather: "外面多云" (“It’s cloudy outside.”) Apps, TV, radio, and all weather-related media. Nuance: 多云 suggests significant cloud coverage but leaves open the possibility of some sun. It does not mean the sky is completely covered (which would be 阴天 “overcast”). Commonly paired with other weather terms, e.g., "多云转晴" (cloudy turning sunny), "多云有雨" (cloudy with rain). Not used for: Non-weather contexts. Describing literal clouds unrelated to the weather (use 云 for that). Metaphorical or poetic language (rare). Precision: 多云 = between clear and overcast; implies variable cloudiness, not extreme conditions. If you want to sound natural and precise when discussing the weather, use 多云 for days with noticeable cloud cover, but not completely gray skies. Common Mistakes: Using 多云 for “overcast” (correct: 阴天, yīn tiān). Using 多云 outside of weather talk. Example Sentences: 今天多云，适合出去走走。 (“It’s cloudy today, good for a walk.”) 明天多云转小雨。 (“Tomorrow will be cloudy, turning to light rain.”) Summary: 多云 is the go-to word for “cloudy” in Chinese weather talk—natural, precise, and widely understood. Use only for weather and not for abstract or metaphorical purposes.

Answer 284

负 (fù) Bear; carry; shoulder (responsibility, burden); be negative (math); owe * Often used for bearing responsibility or burden (e.g., 负责 “to be responsible for”). * Also used for negative numbers (e.g., 负数). ---- 负面 (fù miàn) Meaning: “Negative,” describes things, effects, news, information, emotions, and attitudes that are adverse or unfavorable. Scope: Broad, objective. Refers to anything with a negative quality: 负面影响 (negative impact), 负面新闻 (negative news), 负面评价 (negative review), 负面情绪 (negative mood). Tone: Neutral, professional, suitable for formal and informal contexts. Usage: Can be applied to situations, feedback, reports, or attitudes. Not for: Personal worldview or character. 悲观 (bēi guān) Meaning: “Pessimistic,” describes a person’s outlook, mindset, or prediction that expects bad outcomes or focuses on the negative. Scope: Personal, subjective. Focused on a person’s view or emotional state: 他很悲观 (He is pessimistic), 悲观情绪 (pessimistic mood), 悲观预测 (pessimistic forecast). Tone: Describes mindset or expectation, not an external effect. Usage: Used mainly for people or predictions, sometimes attitudes. Not for: General negative things or external effects. Key Differences 负面 is about “negative” as a quality of things, information, or impact; applies broadly, objectively. 悲观 is about “pessimism” as a personal viewpoint or emotional state; applies to individuals or their perspective. Examples 负面新闻 (negative news) — Objective, describes the news. 悲观情绪 (pessimistic mood) — Subjective, describes a person’s feelings. 他的态度很负面。 (His attitude is negative.) — Describes a general attitude. 他对未来很悲观。 (He is pessimistic about the future.) — Describes his personal outlook. ---- 负面 (Negative) 这项新政策带来了很多负面影响。 (This new policy brought many negative effects.) 网络上关于这家公司的负面新闻很多。 (There’s a lot of negative news about this company online.) 领导对你的表现有一些负面评价。 (The boss had some negative feedback on your performance.) 长时间加班会导致员工产生负面情绪。 (Working overtime for a long time can lead to negative emotions among employees.) 过度关注负面信息会影响心理健康。 (Paying too much attention to negative information can affect your mental health.) 悲观 (Pessimistic) 他对中国经济的前景很悲观。 (He is pessimistic about China’s economic outlook.) 面对挑战，有些同事容易变得悲观。 (Some colleagues easily become pessimistic when facing challenges.) 你的预测未免太悲观了吧？ (Isn’t your forecast a bit too pessimistic?) 不要总是用悲观的眼光看问题。 (Don’t always look at problems with a pessimistic view.) 尽管市场不稳定，他依然没有变得悲观。 (Despite the unstable market, he did not become pessimistic.)

Answer 285

充满 vs 充分充分 - It is often used to say that one has enough time or enough ability to do something, for example I have enough ability to do the job or I have enough time to finish my homework. → Full, ample, abundant, sufficient, enough As an adjective: (有 + 充分 + 的 + sth) 有充分的信心 - be full of confidence; 我没有充分的准备 - I have no adequate preparation. 我们有充分的理由相信这消息是可靠的 - We have Sufficient reason to believe that the news is true As a verb modifier (充分 + verb) 你已经充分了解了成都的餐饮市场 - You are sufficiently understanding of the food market in Chengdu 充满 - The second one is often used as be full of. The bottle is full of water or the bowl is full of sugar. It can also be used like this. I have energy all over my body. 你的生活总是充满挑战 - Your life will always be filled with challenges. 祝你圣诞节充满愉悦和欢乐 - Hope your Christmas will be filled with joy and cheer. 空气中充满了花香 - The air was full of the fragrance of flowers.

Answer 286

模 (mó) - Model; pattern; mold; template; example Refers to something used as a standard, shape, or guide for making/copying other things. Common in words like 模型 (model), 模板 (template), 模范 (role model). 模 = model, pattern, or template used for shaping or imitation. ---- 模式 (mó shì) vs. 模型 (mó xíng): Precision Comparison 1. Definition and Core Meaning 模式: Refers to a method, system, pattern, or structured approach to doing something. Emphasizes the way something operates or is organized. 模型: Refers to a representation, model, or prototype (physical, mathematical, or conceptual) used for demonstration, analysis, prediction, or simulation. Emphasizes a tool or replica. 2. Scope and Application 模式 is abstract and high-level; describes operational strategies, business models, frameworks, modes, and styles. 模型 is concrete or clearly defined; describes objects, mathematical/statistical models, algorithms, or any representation used for understanding or analysis. 3. Key Differences 模式: Answers "how" something is done (method, process, organization). Typical collocations: 经营模式 (business model), 工作模式 (working mode), 学习模式 (learning pattern), 飞行模式 (airplane mode). Example: 我们正在尝试新的商业模式。("We are trying a new business model.") 模型: Answers "what" is used to represent, simulate, or analyze something (object, tool, mathematical system). Typical collocations: 数学模型 (mathematical model), 3D模型 (3D model), 预测模型 (predictive model), 地球模型 (globe model). Example: 工程师做了一个汽车的3D模型。("The engineer made a 3D model of the car.") 4. Overlap and Relationship Both can be used in business, technology, or science, but their focus is fundamentally different: 模式 focuses on the structure or method (the blueprint). 模型 focuses on the representation or simulation (the product or tool built from the blueprint). In advanced technical contexts, a 模型 may help test or validate a 模式, but the terms remain distinct in usage. 5. Usage Precision 模式: Use when discussing methods, frameworks, and systems—how something is structured or operates. 模型: Use when referring to physical objects, digital representations, algorithms, or systems built for analysis, demonstration, or simulation—what is used to represent or analyze. 6. Illustrative Example Pairs 我们正在优化我们的管理模式。 "We are optimizing our management model (mode)." 我们用这个数学模型来预测市场趋势。 "We use this mathematical model to predict market trends." 这种疾病的传播模式很复杂。 "The transmission pattern (mode) of this disease is complex." 科学家建立了气候模型来研究气候变化。 "Scientists created a climate model to study climate change." Summary: 模式 = the “how” (method, system, or mode); 模型 = the “what” (representation, tool, or model). Always use 模式 for frameworks or ways of doing things, and 模型 for physical or conceptual representations used for analysis or demonstration. The distinction is structural (方法 vs. 工具) and should be strictly maintained for precision.

Answer 287

获 / 獲 (huò) = to obtain or gain (something, often as a result or reward). ---- 收获 (收獲, shōu huò) Core Meaning: To harvest; to reap; to gain (as a result of effort or experience). Usage: Focuses on results, gains, or personal growth obtained through hard work, experience, or learning. Applies to both tangible (literal harvest) and intangible things (knowledge, experience, results, improvement). Has a sense of value or benefit that’s accumulated or achieved. Typical Contexts: 项目收获 (project gains) 学习收获 (learning gains) 收获启发都能收获满满的幸福人生收获 (life lessons/growth) Key Differences 收获: Emphasizes personal gain, growth, or benefit—often through effort or process. Applies to both material and especially intangible outcomes. 收到: Emphasizes the fact of receiving something tangible or concrete. Applies only to the direct act of reception (not the value gained). Summary Tip: Use 收获 for what you gain, reap, or benefit from (especially in learning, work, life). Use 收到 for what you receive or get handed to you (mails, gifts, notifications, physical or digital things). 收获 = gain (through effort); 收到 = receive (something delivered). Examples: 这次培训让我收获很多经验(This training gave me a lot of valuable experience.) 秋天是收获的季节 (Autumn is the season of harvest.) ---- 获取 (獲取, huò qǔ) To acquire; to obtain; to access (usually something specific and often through action, effort, or process). Scope & Usage: Used when emphasizing the process of actively acquiring or accessing something (often resources, data, information, opportunities). Common in technical, business, and digital contexts. * 请在官网获取最新信息。(Please obtain the latest information from the official website.) * 你点这里获取验证码 * 获取数据 - In technical programming contexts, 获取 and fetch may overlap (e.g., “获取数据” = “fetch data”), but 获取 covers more scenarios (including acquisition and access rights) than fetch does * 点击获得搬家临时密码 A real-case request Precision Explanation: If you, as a manager, want your team member to obtain, pull, or acquire user retention data for day 3 (whether by querying the database, downloading a report, or finding info in a system), 获取 is both accurate and natural in Chinese. 获取 covers all actions involved in getting the information—regardless of whether it is by fetching data, running a report, or accessing a dashboard. Example Usage in a Business Context: 请帮我获取用户第3天留存的数据。 (Please help me obtain/pull the user Day 3 retention data.) Why 获取 fits: It is broad and professional. It does not specify how the data is obtained—leaving the method flexible (fetch, search, report, export, etc.). This is standard usage in Chinese business and analytics environments. Summary: Use 获取 for any situation where you want someone to get, pull, or obtain data, information, or resources—regardless of the specific method. It is the default, precise, and professional term for this type of managerial request. --------- 获得 (huòdé) To obtain; to win; to be awarded; to receive (often as a result or achievement). More formal than 得到; often used for significant, formal, or awarded things (prizes, honors, qualifications, recognition). Focuses on the outcome or result, sometimes with an official sense. Examples: * 获得冠军 (win first prize/champion) * 获得资格 (obtain qualification) * 获得成就 (achieve an accomplishment) Overlapping Situations * 得到 and 获得 can often be used interchangeably when talking about “receiving” something significant (award, qualification, support). Example: * 得到奖励 / 获得奖励 (receive a reward) * 达到 sometimes overlaps with 获得 or 得到 when talking about achieving a result (e.g., 达到理想效果 / 获得理想效果, both meaning “achieve the desired effect”), but 达到 focuses on reaching a threshold or standard. - Key Differences * 得到: General, casual “get” or “receive.” Can be physical, emotional, or informational. * 获得: More formal; emphasizes achievement, acquisition, or being awarded something (prizes, recognition, or qualifications). * 达到: Means “reach” a certain level, standard, or state; not about obtaining an object, but achieving a target. -----

Answer 288

警 (jǐng) Warn; alert; caution; police Key points: * Refers to warning, being alert or vigilant. * Commonly used for police (as in 警察), and for warning or alertness (as in 警告, 警惕). ------ bào jǐng Meaning: To call the police or report something to the police. Usage: Always used as a verb. Commonly used when a crime, danger, accident, or suspicious activity needs police intervention. Typical Grammar: Subject + 报警 (我报警 – I called the police) Subject + 对象/情况 + 报警 (他发现小偷后报警 – He called the police after discovering the thief.) Nuances: Implies contacting the police via phone (dialing 110 in China) or notifying them in person. Used only for actual or perceived emergencies or crimes, not for casual complaints. Examples: 发现失火要立即报警。 (If you find a fire, you must call the police immediately.) 有人被偷了手机，他马上报警。 (Someone had their phone stolen, so he immediately called the police.) 遇到危险时，可以报警求助。 (When in danger, you can call the police for help.) 不要恶意报警。 (Don’t make malicious/false police reports.)

Answer 289

警 (jǐng) Warn; alert; caution; police Key points: * Refers to warning, being alert or vigilant. * Commonly used for police (as in 警察), and for warning or alertness (as in 警告, 警惕). ------ 交警 - Traffic police

Answer 290

因果 (yīn guǒ) – How to Understand and Use with Precision Meaning: Cause and effect; causality; the relationship between a cause (因) and its result (果). Usage: Used as a noun, describing the connection between an action and its outcome. Common in formal, academic, philosophical, or Buddhist contexts. Rare in casual daily conversation. Typical Grammar: 因果关系 (yīn guǒ guān xì): cause-and-effect relationship A和B之间有因果关系。 (There is a cause-and-effect relationship between A and B.) 他相信一切都有因果。 (He believes everything has cause and effect.) Nuances: More formal and abstract than “reason” (原因) or “result” (结果). Can also refer to the concept of karma in Buddhism (actions leading to consequences). Examples: 他们的失败有深刻的因果关系。 (Their failure has a deep cause-and-effect relationship.) 因果报应 (yīn guǒ bào yìng): karmic retribution, meaning “you reap what you sow.” 经济学里常讨论因果关系，而不仅仅是相关性。 (In economics, cause-and-effect relationships are often discussed, not just correlation.) Summary: Use 因果 to precisely discuss the logical or philosophical relationship between causes and their effects, especially in serious, academic, or philosophical discussions. Avoid in casual daily chat.

Answer 291

射 can be used for “shooting” any object, or “emitting” light, water, etc. 射击 is always about the act of shooting (mainly with guns, or as a formal activity/sport). 射击 trying to hit a target by shooting (with a gun, bow, etc.). The purpose is usually to hit, but the result can be a hit or a miss. ---- 射 - shè4 To shoot, launch, or emit. Nature: Single verb, broader meaning, can refer to shooting (arrows, light, etc.) or emitting (light, rays). Usage: Often used alone. Sometimes part of compound words. Examples: 他用弓射箭。 (He shoots arrows with a bow.) 太阳射出强烈的光芒。 (The sun emits strong rays of light.) Nuance: Very general. Can be physical (shoot an arrow) or abstract (emit light). -- 1. In Sexual Context In modern Chinese slang, especially online or among young people, “射” is often used as a verb meaning “to ejaculate” (cum). It’s a direct, sometimes crude way to express it, and is often seen in adult or explicit conversations. 2. How to Say “I want to cum on you” with 射 Most direct slang way: 我要射在你身上。 (wǒ yào shè zài nǐ shēn shang) Literally: "I want to shoot on your body." (This is commonly understood in sexual contexts to mean "I want to cum on you.") If you want to be more specific (less crude, slightly more descriptive): 我要射在你脸上。 (I want to cum on your face.) 我要射到你里面。 (I want to cum inside you.) --------------- 射击 (shè jī): To shoot (specifically as an action, like with a gun or in sports). Compound verb, more formal/specific. Usually means firing a gun, or shooting as a sport. Usage: Used as a verb for shooting (firearms, sports). Often used in military or sports contexts. Examples: 他正在射击目标。 (He is shooting at the target.) 我们下午去射击场。 (We are going to the shooting range in the afternoon.) Nuance: Specific to the action of shooting, especially with guns. Not used for “emitting light.” Grammar & Nuance 射 can stand alone, is more general: 他射门。 (He shoots at the goal – common in soccer.) 射击 is an action or sport: 射击运动 (Shooting sport) Don’t mix: You can’t say 太阳射击光芒 ❌ (The sun “shoots” light, wrong—use 射) You can’t say 他喜欢射运动 ❌ (He likes the sport of shooting—should use 射击) 射 = general “to shoot” or “to emit” 射击 = formal, “to shoot (gun/sport)” --- More examples: 射 (shè) 1. Physical shooting (arrows, balls, etc.) 他用弓射箭。 (He shoots arrows with a bow.) 足球运动员正在射门。 (The soccer player is shooting at the goal.) 2. Emitting (light, rays, etc.) 太阳射出耀眼的光芒。 (The sun emits dazzling rays.) 灯光从窗户里射出来。 (The light shines out from the window.) 3. General use 他把水射得很远。 (He shoots/sprays water very far.) 激光笔可以射出红色的光。 (The laser pointer can emit red light.) 射击 (shè jī) 1. Shooting with firearms (guns, rifles) 士兵正在射击敌人。 (The soldier is shooting at the enemy.) 他在射击训练中表现很好。 (He performed well in shooting training.) 2. As a sport or event 我喜欢射击运动。 (I like shooting sports.) 射击比赛将在明天举行。 (The shooting competition will be held tomorrow.) 3. Places/activities related to shooting 我们去射击场练习射击。 (We go to the shooting range to practice shooting.) 你会用射击游戏吗？ (Do you know how to play shooting games?)

Answer 292

攻 (gōng) Definition: Attack; assault; study intensively; tackle (a problem) Key points: - Refers to actively attacking or advancing against something (militarily, verbally, or academically). - Common in words like 攻击 (attack), 攻读 (study intensively), 进攻 (offensive/attack). - 略 (lüè4) - Outline; summary; briefly; strategy; omit Key points: - Often used for summarizing, condensing, or briefly describing something (e.g., 概略 “general outline”). - Can also mean strategy or plan (as in 战略 “strategy”). - Sometimes means to omit or leave out. --- 攻略 (gōng lüè) General: Common among young people, means “strategy guide” (especially for games, travel, etc.). Mobile Gaming: Extremely common (walkthroughs, game guides). * 我在看香港的攻略 ------------- Meaning: “Strategy guide,” “walkthrough,” or “tips” for games, apps, travel, exams, etc. Originally from gaming, but now also used for travel, shopping, life hacks, etc. Usage: Used as a noun. Refers to a set of tips, strategies, or instructions that help someone succeed at something. Typical Grammar: [Topic] + 攻略 (游戏攻略 – game guide, 旅游攻略 – travel tips) 看/写/用 + 攻略 (我看了攻略 – I read the guide) Nuances: Implies practical, experience-based tips or step-by-step instructions. Common in online articles, forums, and among young people. Not for highly technical or formal instructions (those are 指南, 说明书). Examples: 你有这款游戏的攻略吗？ (Do you have a guide for this game?) 我出国前看了很多旅游攻略。 (I read a lot of travel tips before going abroad.) 这个boss太难了，我得找攻略看看。 (This boss is too hard; I need to check a walkthrough.) 这篇攻略很详细，帮了我很多。 (This guide is very detailed and helped me a lot.) Summary: Use 攻略 when talking about practical guides, tips, or walkthroughs for games, travel, or activities. It’s informal, focused on “how to win” or “how to do it better.”

Answer 293

范/範 - fàn4 - Model; example; pattern; scope Key points: - Refers to something to be imitated or followed (as in 模范 "role model"). - Can also refer to range or scope (as in 范围 "scope, range"). ----------------- 范围 (範圍, fànwéi) – How to Understand and Use with Precision Meaning: “Scope,” “range,” or “extent.” Refers to the boundaries or limits of something (topic, area, amount, authority, etc.). Usage: Used as a noun. Describes what is included or covered by something. Typical Grammar: + 的范围 (工作的范围 – the scope of work) 在…范围内 (在法律范围内 – within the scope of the law) 超出范围 (beyond the range/scope) Nuances: Neutral and formal; suitable for work, study, and daily life. Used to define what is included or excluded. Examples: 这个问题不在讨论范围内。 (This question is not within the discussion scope.) 他的工作范围包括管理和培训。 (His job scope includes management and training.) 价格范围是多少？ (What is the price range?) 请在规定范围内操作。 (Please operate within the specified range.) Summary: Use 范围 to talk about the set of things or limits that something includes—whether it’s topics, areas, prices, or responsibilities. It’s precise and widely used for defining boundaries. -------- Ilustrative examples 这本书的内容范围很广。 (The scope of this book’s content is very broad.) 请把问题控制在会议的范围内。 (Please keep the questions within the scope of the meeting.) 这项服务只在城市范围内提供。 (This service is only available within the city limits.) 你能再具体一点吗？你的要求范围太大了。 (Can you be more specific? Your requirements are too broad in scope.) 预算范围是多少？ (What is the budget range?) -------------------------- wechat 在我能力范围之内我肯定帮你那就是这些范围了你在方便的范围内，尽量快点就好

Answer 294

Precision Notes: 规范 vs. 标准规范 (guīfàn): Normative Nature: Refers to a set of rules, codes, or norms that regulate or guide behavior, processes, or language. Function: Focuses on regulation and orderly conduct. It’s about making things regular, proper, or systematic. Scope: Usually broader and covers how things should be done (the methodology, requirements, or procedures). Typical Usage: 行为规范 (code of conduct) 语言规范 (language norms) 管理规范 (management standards) 施工规范 (construction codes) 规范流程 (to standardize a process) Nuance: More about the “framework” or the “code” for standard action, rather than a specific measure. 标准 (biāozhǔn): Nature: Refers to a specific criterion, yardstick, or benchmark used to measure quality, performance, or results. Function: Focuses on measurement and comparison. It’s about what level or value needs to be reached. Scope: Often concrete, quantitative, or clearly defined. Typical Usage: 产品标准 (product standards) 质量标准 (quality standards) 达到标准 (meet the standard) 标准答案 (standard answer) 国际标准 (international standard) Nuance: More about the “benchmark” or “target” that must be met. Key Differences (Simple Summary): 规范: Rules, codes, or guidelines for how to do things properly and regularly (process, conduct, methods). 标准: Concrete criteria, benchmarks, or thresholds for measuring results (quality, outcome, value). Example Sentences 这家公司有严格的管理规范。 (This company has strict management codes.) 产品必须符合国家标准。 (The product must meet national standards.) In short: 用规范规定做事的方法，用标准衡量结果的好坏。 (Use 规范 to set methods/processes; use 标准 to measure quality/outcomes.)

Answer 295

竟 (jìng4): Unexpectedly; actually; to finish; after all Key points: - Commonly used to express surprise or unexpectedness (e.g., 竟然 “unexpectedly; actually”). - Can also relate to completion or ending in classical Chinese (now rare in modern usage). ------------- 竟然 (jìngrán) Meaning: “Unexpectedly,” “actually,” or “to one’s surprise.” Expresses surprise or disbelief at something that was not expected. Usage: Used as an adverb, usually before the verb or adjective in the sentence. Typical Grammar: Subject + 竟然 + Verb/Adjective (他竟然同意了 – He actually agreed.) Can also be placed before the whole predicate for emphasis. Nuances: Shows the speaker’s surprise, shock, or disbelief. Can be used in both positive and negative situations. Examples: 他竟然会说中文。 (He actually can speak Chinese.) 你竟然没告诉我。 (You didn’t tell me? I can’t believe it!) 这么难的题，他竟然做对了。 (He unexpectedly got such a difficult question right.) 昨天竟然下雪了。 (It actually snowed yesterday.) Summary: Use 竟然 to highlight your surprise when something happens against expectation. Place it before the verb or adjective, and use it to add emotion or emphasis to your statement.

Answer 296

句号 (句號, jù4 hào4) * 一句话 * 号码 --- Meaning: Period; full stop (the dot “。” that ends a sentence in Chinese writing) Usage: A noun referring to the punctuation mark used to end a declarative sentence. Used in writing and in speaking when talking about punctuation or expressing the idea of “ending something.” Typical Grammar: Used like: 加一个句号 (add a period) / 别忘了句号 (don’t forget the period) Can also be used figuratively to mean “put an end to something.” Examples (Literal): 这句话最后要加句号。 (This sentence needs a period at the end.) 你写作文时别忘了句号。 (Don’t forget the period when writing your essay.) Examples (Figurative): 这段感情终于画上了句号。 (This relationship has finally come to an end.) 我想给过去的生活一个句号。 (I want to put a full stop to my past life.) Nuances: Literal use is about grammar and punctuation. Figurative use is about ending something completely—often emotional, symbolic, or life-related. Summary: 句号 is the period symbol used at the end of a sentence. It also has a deeper, metaphorical meaning of “closure” or “ending” in life or emotions. Use it literally for writing, or figuratively to describe emotional conclusions.

Answer 297

室 (shì4) Room; chamber; indoor space Key points: * Refers to an enclosed indoor space for living, working, or other activities. * Common in words like 教室 (classroom), 卧室 (bedroom), 办公室 (office room). ------------ 教室 (jiào4 shì4) Classroom – the room where teaching and learning happen. 教室 is used across all education levels in the same way. It refers to the physical room where teaching happens, regardless of the type of school or course. Usage: A noun. Refers to a physical space used for classes in a school, university, or training center. Typical Grammar: 在 + 教室 (in the classroom) (我在教室等你 – I’ll wait for you in the classroom.) 教室 + 里 (more common in spoken Chinese) (教室里很安静 – It’s quiet in the classroom.) Use measure word 间 (一间教室 – one classroom) Nuances: Only refers to the physical space, not the concept of class (which is 课 or 上课). Can be used with locations, activities, or descriptions. Examples: 我们八点在教室上课。 (We have class in the classroom at 8 o'clock.) 老师已经进教室了。 (The teacher already went into the classroom.) 这间教室太小了。 (This classroom is too small.) 教室里不可以吃东西。 (You can’t eat in the classroom.) 每个孩子在自己的教室里画画 (Each child is drawing in their classroom.) 今天的讲座在教学楼三楼的教室举行 (Today’s lecture is held in the classroom on the 3rd floor of the teaching building.) Summary: Use 教室 when referring to the physical room where a class is held. It works with location words like 在 and 里, and takes the measure word 间. Don't confuse it with the word for “class” or “lesson” (课).

Answer 298

室 (shì4) Room; chamber; indoor space Key points: * Refers to an enclosed indoor space for living, working, or other activities. ------------ 卧室 (臥室, wòshì) – Meaning: Bedroom — the room where someone sleeps. Usage: Noun; refers to a sleeping room in a home, hotel, or apartment. Very common in daily life and property-related contexts. Typical Grammar: 一间卧室 (yì jiān wòshì) — one bedroom (“间” is the common measure word for rooms) Subject + 在卧室 + Verb (他在卧室睡觉 – He is sleeping in the bedroom.) Nuances: Very neutral and standard. Only refers to the function of sleeping; not used poetically or metaphorically. Examples: 我家有两个卧室。 (My home has two bedrooms.) 她现在在卧室看书。 (She’s reading in the bedroom right now.) 这是主卧室，带卫生间。 (This is the master bedroom, with a bathroom.) 请不要在卧室吃东西。 (Please don’t eat in the bedroom.) Summary: Use 卧室 anytime you mean “bedroom.” It’s direct, practical, and widely used in daily conversation, real estate, and hotels. Add “主” for master bedroom (主卧室).

Answer 299

区别 (qūbié) Meaning: Specific distinction; what makes two things not the same. Usage: When you want to identify or point out concrete differences between things. Contexts: Everyday conversation, direct comparisons, both as a noun (“difference”) and a verb (“to distinguish”). Common Patterns: A和B的区别 (the difference between A and B) 区别A和B (to distinguish A from B) Examples: 这两款手机的区别是什么？ (What’s the difference between these two phones?) 我分不清这两种颜色的区别。 (I can’t tell the difference between these two colors.) 请区分这两个概念。 (Please distinguish these two concepts.) 差异 (chāyì) Meaning: Gap, disparity, degree of difference; describes the extent or level of difference. Usage: When talking about how much or how big the difference is, or describing differences between groups, data, or trends. Contexts: More formal, often in reports, academic, business, or statistical discussions. Common Patterns: A和B之间的差异 (the difference/gap between A and B) 存在差异 (there exists a difference/disparity) Examples: 各地区的收入差异很明显。 (The income differences among regions are obvious.) 南北方气候存在差异。 (There are climatic differences between the north and south.) 研究发现两组数据之间有差异。 (The study found differences between the two data sets.) Summary: 区别: Use when identifying or asking about what exactly is different. Focuses on the point(s) of difference. 差异: Use when discussing how different things are, or the size/degree of a difference. Focuses on extent/gap.

Answer 300

异/異 (yì): Different; unusual; strange; other Key points: - Refers to something not the same as usual, or as others. - Common in words like 差异 (difference), 异国 (foreign country), 异常 (abnormal). 常 (cháng): Usual; regular; constant; ordinary; frequent Key points: Refers to something that is regular, typical, or occurs often. ------------ 异常 (異常, yìcháng) – How to Understand and Use with Precision Meaning: “Abnormal,” “unusual,” or “exceptional.” Describes something that is not normal, out of the ordinary, or strange. Usage: Can be used as an adjective (abnormal, unusual) or adverb (extremely, unusually). Common in technical, medical, and everyday contexts. Typical Grammar: 异常 + Noun (异常情况 – abnormal situation) Subject + 异常 (as an adverb) + Adj./Verb (今天异常冷 – Today is unusually cold.) Nuances: Neutral or slightly negative, often refers to something being wrong or not as expected. In technical contexts, often means malfunction or error. Examples: 系统出现了异常。 (The system had an error/abnormality.) 最近他的行为很异常。 (His behavior has been very unusual lately.) 这里的天气异常温暖。 (The weather here is unusually warm.) 检查结果显示一切正常，没有异常。 (The test results show everything is normal, no abnormalities.) Summary: Use 异常 to describe anything abnormal, strange, or out of the ordinary. Can be both technical and everyday, and works as either an adjective or adverb depending on context.

Answer 301

异/異 (yì): Different; unusual; strange; other Key points: - Refers to something not the same as usual, or as others. ------ 因人而异 (yīn rén ér yì) – “It depends on the person / Varies from person to person” Core Meaning Literal breakdown: 因 (because of) + 人 (person) + 而 (and thus) + 异 (different). Practical sense: There is no one-size-fits-all answer; the result changes with each individual. How to Use It Correctly Acts as a predicate or adverbial phrase 放在句末或紧接核心名词之后，说明结论不统一。 English mirror: “…but it really depends on the person.” No need to add extra verbs like 是 ❌ 效果是因人而异 ✅ 效果因人而异 (“Effect varies by person.”) Common collocations 方法／效果／喜好／反应 + 因人而异 e.g. 学习方法因人而异 – “Study methods vary from person to person.” Illustrative Examples 学习方法因人而异。 Xuéxí fāngfǎ yīn rén ér yì. “Learning methods vary by individual.” 这份工作适不适合，其实因人而异。 Zhè fèn gōngzuò shì bù shìhé, qíshí yīn rén ér yì. “Whether this job is suitable really depends on the person.” 对咖啡的耐受度因人而异，有人喝一杯就睡不着。 Duì kāfēi de nàishòu dù yīn rén ér yì, yǒurén hē yì bēi jiù shuì bù zháo. “Tolerance to coffee differs by person; some can’t sleep after just one cup.” Nuance & Tips for Precision Impersonal and objective – You’re not judging, just stating individual variation. Works in both formal and casual contexts. Avoid over-use for situations that obviously don’t vary (e.g., 水沸点因人而异 is wrong). Quick template [Topic] + 因人而异 Use this whenever you need to say “There’s no universal rule—each person is different.”

Answer 302

刺 (cì): Stab; prick; pierce; thorn; irritate Key points: - Refers to piercing or pricking with something sharp (literal or figurative). - Used in words like 刺痛 (stinging pain), 刺客 (assassin), 讽刺 (satirize/mock). 激 (jī): Excite; arouse; stimulate; agitate; intense Key points: * Refers to causing strong feelings, reactions, or actions. * Used in words like 激动 (excited), 激励 (motivate), 刺激 (stimulate), 激烈 (intense). ------------ 刺激 (cì jī) — “to stimulate / stimulation / thrilling” 1. Core Meanings Verb – “to stimulate, to provoke” * Makes something react, grow, or feel strongly. Noun – “stimulus, stimulation, irritation” * The thing or force that causes a reaction. Colloquial adjective – “exciting, thrilling” * Describes an experience that gives you an adrenaline rush. 2. How the Grammar Works Verb Subject + 刺激 + Object Object receives the push. Noun …对 X 的刺激 / 受到刺激 Often paired with 对 (toward) or 受/受到 (receive). Adj. (spoken) 很/太 + 刺激 Sounds informal, shows strong feeling. 3. Nuance & Precision Direction matters: Positive push → stimulate the economy (经济) Negative poke → provoke someone’s anger (情绪) Physical vs. emotional: Chili irritates the stomach (physical). A mean comment upsets a friend (emotional). Thrill sense is casual: Only use 刺激 meaning “thrilling” in spoken style, not in a formal report. 4. Clear Examples Verb, Positive 低利率可以刺激消费。 Low interest rates can stimulate spending. Verb, Negative 别拿这件事刺激他。 Don’t provoke him with that topic. Noun, Physical 这种辣椒对胃的刺激很大。 This chili is very irritating to the stomach. Adj., Thrilling 过山车太刺激了！ The roller coaster is so thrilling! Noun, Emotional 她受到事业失败的刺激，决定重新开始。 The shock of career failure pushed her to start over. 5. Quick Checklist Want “push / boost” → use 刺激 as a verb. Want “irritation / stimulus” → use 刺激 as a noun. Want “thrilling!” in casual talk → say 好/太刺激. Use 刺激 precisely by matching these roles to the situation. 宽松的信贷政策刺激了经济繁荣 → The economic boom was fueled by easy credit. 这次旅行是他们人生中最刺激的冒险经历。This voyage was the most exciting adventure of their lives

Answer 303

激 (jī): Excite; arouse; stimulate; agitate; intense Key points: * Refers to causing strong feelings, reactions, or actions. * Used in words like 激动 (excited), 激励 (motivate), 刺激 (stimulate), 激烈 (intense). ---- 激 + 素 --> Putting them together gives “a substance that stimulates” — exactly what a hormone does: it is a molecule secreted by glands that triggers specific changes elsewhere in the body. ---- 激素 (jī sù) – “Hormone” 1 ．Core Meaning Biological chemical messenger produced by glands or tissues that triggers specific reactions in the body. Precise, technical word—used in medicine, biology, health, and food-safety discussions. 2 ．How to Use It Correctly Part of Speech – Noun only Functions like “hormone” in English. Do not use as a verb; you “secrete / 注射 / 含” 激素, but you never “激素 something.” Typical Construction [Qualifier] + 激素 → names a specific hormone. 生长激素 (growth hormone) 性激素 (sex hormones) 胰岛素激素 (insulin hormone) 激素 + 水平 / 作用 / 失调 → discusses level, effect, imbalance. 激素水平 (hormone level) 激素作用 (hormonal effect) Formal vs. Colloquial 激素 = scientific / formal. 荷尔蒙 (hè ’ěr méng) = loanword used in casual talk, often about “love hormones,” teenage changes, etc. In precise writing, prefer 激素. 3 ．Illustrative Examples 医生给他注射了生长激素。 Yīshēng gěi tā zhùshè le shēngzhǎng jīsù. “The doctor injected him with growth hormone.” 这种蔬菜不含任何人工激素，请放心食用。 Zhè zhǒng shūcài bù hán rènhé réngōng jīsù, qǐng fàngxīn shíyòng. “This vegetable contains no artificial hormones—feel free to eat.” 激素水平的突然变化会影响情绪。 Jīsù shuǐpíng de tūrán biànhuà huì yǐngxiǎng qíngxù. “A sudden change in hormone levels can affect mood.” 长期滥用激素药物可能导致副作用。 Chángqī lànyòng jīsù yàowù kěnéng dǎozhì fùzuòyòng. “Long-term misuse of hormone drugs may cause side effects.” 4 ．Nuance & Precision Tips Scope: Applies to both naturally produced hormones and synthetic ones in medicine or farming. Tone: Neutral, objective—good for medical advice, research, or food labels. Avoid vague phrases like “激素食品” unless you specify which hormone—better: 含生长激素的肉类. Quick template: [Type] + 激素 / 激素 + [noun] Use 激素 when you need a precise, scientific term for any hormone-related topic.

Answer 304

策 (cè): Plan, strategy, policy Focus: The idea, approach, or method—especially at a higher, strategic level (what to do, and why). Usage: * Refers to overall strategies, policies, or well-thought-out plans. * Common in formal or official settings: 政策 (policy), 对策 (countermeasure), 策划 (to plan/strategize). 划 (huà): To plan, to draw, to divide, to delimit Focus: The act of designing, dividing, or outlining—more about the process of marking out or making arrangements. Usage: * Often used as a verb: to draw lines, to map out, to divide (e.g., 划分 “to divide/classify”, 规划 “to plan/layout”). * Emphasizes the action/process of planning or organizing, sometimes physically (e.g., 划线 “draw a line”). In “规划” (guī huà), it means “to plan” (esp. city planning, future development, etc.) ----- 策划 (cè huà) – “to plan / planning” 1 ．Core Meaning Verb: to design and organize an event, campaign, project, or (sometimes) a plot. Noun: the plan itself or the role of “planner” (常说活动策划 “event planner”). 2 ．Part of Speech & Grammar Transitive verb – needs an object. 我们正在策划一次产品发布会。 Noun phrase – often with 的 before another noun. 营销策划、广告策划、电影策划。 Verb + object can be inverted to object + 策划 when used as a noun. 活动策划 = “event planning.” 3 ．Typical Contexts Business / Marketing 产品发布、广告活动、品牌策划 Entertainment / Media 节目策划、游戏策划 Events 婚礼策划、展会策划 Negative (plotting) 策划阴谋 (“to hatch a conspiracy”) 4 ．Nuance & Precision Tips 策划 vs. 计划计划 = general “plan” or “schedule,” everyday and broad. 策划 = more strategic, creative, and often involves detailed design + coordination. Positive or neutral tone unless paired with words like 阴谋 (“plot”), which turns it negative. Often implies professional or formal planning, not a casual “let’s grab coffee” type plan. 5 ．Illustrative Examples Verb use (neutral/professional) 公司正在策划明年的市场推广活动。 The company is planning next year’s marketing campaign. Noun use (as a department/role) 他在一家广告公司做活动策划。 He works as an event planner at an advertising agency. Creative project 这部电影的策划花了半年时间。 The planning for this film took half a year. Negative sense 警方破获了一起策划已久的网络诈骗案。 Police cracked a long-planned online fraud scheme. Quick formula 策划 + (object) → to professionally design and coordinate that object (object) + 策划 → the planning or planner for that object Use 策划 when you want to emphasize strategic, organized, often creative planning, not just a simple idea or timetable.

Answer 305

决/決 (jué): Decide; determine; resolve; settle Key points: Refers to making a firm decision, resolution, or settling an issue. 策 (cè): Plan, strategy, policy Focus: The idea, approach, or method—especially at a higher, strategic level (what to do, and why). ---- 决定 (juédìng) vs. 决策 (juécè) — clear, table-free guide 1. Core meaning 决定: “to decide” or “a decision.” Applies to any choice, big or small, personal or business. 决策: “to formulate strategy” or “a strategic decision.” Implies high-level, policy-like planning based on analysis. 2. Typical users and scope 决定 is for anyone: “I decided to go,” “The manager decided the deadline.” 决策 is for leaders, boards, governments: “The board made a strategic choice,” “Government health policy decisions.” 3. How each behaves in sentences Both can act as verbs or nouns. 决定 (verb): 我决定明天出发。(I decided to leave tomorrow.) 决定 (noun): 这是一个艰难的决定。(This is a tough decision.) 决策 (verb): 高层正在决策公司未来方向。(Top management is strategizing the company’s future.) 决策 (noun): 这是一项重大战略决策。(This is a major strategic decision.) Collocations differ: 决定 often goes with 做决定、下决定 (to make a decision). 决策 pairs with 制定决策、作出决策、优化决策 (to formulate, make, or optimize strategy). 4. Nuances to remember Level: 决定 = single action; 决策 = long-term or organization-wide strategy. Formality: 决定 is neutral; 决策 sounds formal and corporate/governmental. Process: 决定 can be quick; 决策 usually involves research, consultation, data. 5. More illustrative examples 我决定今晚早睡。 “I decided to go to bed early tonight.” 公司作出裁员的决策后，开始内部沟通。 “After the company made the layoff strategy decision, internal communication began.” 这是买什么午餐的决定，不必上升到公司决策。 “Choosing lunch is just a decision, not a corporate strategy.” 政府的公共卫生决策需要大量数据支持。 “Government public-health decisions require extensive data support.” 6. Quick rule of thumb Personal or routine choice? Use 决定. High-level, strategic, policy choice? Use 决策.

Answer 306

束 (shù): Bundle; bunch; tie up; restrain Key points: * Refers to a bundle or bunch of things (e.g., 一束花, a bouquet of flowers). * Can also mean to tie up or bind together. 策 (cè): Plan, strategy, policy Focus: The idea, approach, or method—especially at a higher, strategic level (what to do, and why). ---- 束手无策 (shù shǒu wú cè) – “to be at one’s wits’ end / have no way out” 束手无策 always puts the focus on “having no workable idea or plan left.” It is about mental helplessness, not literally having your hands tied. 1 · Core Meaning Literal: “Tie up the hands, have no strategy.” Practical sense: Completely out of ideas; unable to find any solution. 2 · How to Use It Correctly Part of speech – Idiom (verb phrase / adjectival phrase) Functions like “be helpless” in English. No need to add 是 or 很: ✅ 我们束手无策 (“We are helpless.”) ❌ 我们是束手无策 (unnatural) Typical patterns Subject + 对/面对 + Problem + 束手无策他对电脑故障束手无策。 “He is helpless with the computer crash.” Subject + 束手无策医生也束手无策。 “Even the doctors have no way out.” Nuance Stronger than “困难”; implies total lack of ideas or methods. Negative; used when every possible fix seems impossible. 3 · Illustrative Examples 面对突发的市场崩盘，经理们束手无策。 Miànduì tūfā de shìchǎng bēngpán, jīnglǐ men shùshǒu-wúcè. “Faced with the sudden market crash, the managers were at their wits’ end.” 孩子高烧不退，家长束手无策，只好送去医院。 Háizi gāoshāo bù tuì, jiāzhǎng shùshǒu-wúcè, zhǐhǎo sòng qù yīyuàn. “The child’s fever wouldn’t go down; the parents were helpless and had to take him to the hospital.” 在这种复杂的谈判里，他一点经验也没有，完全束手无策。 Zài zhè zhǒng fùzá de tánpàn lǐ, tā yìdiǎn jīngyàn yě méiyǒu, wánquán shùshǒu-wúcè. “In this complex negotiation, he had no experience at all and was completely clueless.” 4 · Quick Checklist for Precision Only use when every solution seems exhausted. Pair with 对 / 面对 + issue for clarity. Do not add 很/非常; the idiom already implies extremity. Think: Hands tied, no plan left → 束手无策.

Answer 307

简 (jiǎn): Simple; brief; concise; letter; bamboo slip Key points: * Refers to something simple, uncomplicated, or concise (as in 简单, 简洁). * Historically, also refers to bamboo slip used for writing (ancient China). * Common in words like 简历 (résumé/CV), 简化 (simplify). ----- 简称 (簡稱, jiǎnchēng) – “abbreviation; to call … for short” 简称 - Any shorter, commonly accepted name (words or letters). 缩写 (suōxiě) Written contraction / acronym; focuses on letters. 昵称 (nìchēng) Nickname, informal, usually for people or apps. 1 · Core Meaning Noun: a shortened name or abbreviation. IBM 是 “International Business Machines” 的简称。 Verb: “to be called … for short.” 中华人民共和国简称中国。 Idea: cut away extra words to give a handy short form. 2 · Key Grammar Patterns A 的简称是 B (Noun pattern) 国际货币基金组织的简称是 IMF。 “The International Monetary Fund’s abbreviation is IMF.” A 简称 B (Verb pattern; no 是) 北京大学简称北大。 “Peking University is called ‘Beida’ for short.” B, 为 A 的简称 (Appositive) “欧盟”(EU)，为 “欧洲联盟” 的简称。 4 · Illustrative Examples 法律《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》简称《劳动合同法》 “The ‘PRC Labour Contract Law’ is called the ‘Labour Contract Law’ for short.” 科技 “AI” 是 “Artificial Intelligence” 的简称。商务介绍我们公司名为 “深圳星河半导体技术有限公司”，简称 “星河半导体”。对比缩写 URL 是 Uniform Resource Locator 的缩写，同时也是该术语的简称。 5 · Quick Checklist Want the short official name? → 用简称. Need the letter-based contraction? → 缩写 often overlaps. Talking about personal nicknames? → 昵称, not 简称. Remember: [Full name] 简称 [Short form]. – The go-to formula whenever you need to introduce an abbreviation clearly and professionally.

Answer 308

疏 (shū): Sparse; scattered; not dense; neglect; to clear (drainage); distant (emotionally or in relationship) Key points: * Describes something not close together or dense (e.g., plants, population). * Can mean to neglect or be inattentive (疏忽, neglect). ----- 疏而不漏 (shū ér bù lòu) – “wide-meshed yet no escape” 1 · Core Meaning Literal picture: a net whose holes look big (疏, loose) but still catches every fish (不漏, nothing slips through). Practical sense: a system, rule, or principle appears lenient or broad, yet it eventually misses no offender / detail. Typical in two contexts Law / justice: “The net of the law is vast but lets no culprit escape.” Karma / retribution: “Heaven’s justice is slow but sure.” 2 · How to Use It Correctly Fixed idiom; acts as a predicate or descriptive phrase Structure: 法网/天网 + 疏而不漏法网疏而不漏。 “The law’s net may look loose, but no one escapes.” Can stand alone as a complete statement Good for moral warning or commentary. No need for 很 / 非常 or 是 ❌ 法网是疏而不漏 ✅ 法网疏而不漏 3 · Illustrative Examples Legal context 警方提醒：犯罪分子不要心存侥幸，法网疏而不漏。 Police reminder: Criminals shouldn’t rely on luck—the law’s net may look loose but it never leaks. Karma / moral lesson 他以为没人知道他的贪污，可是天网疏而不漏，最终被查出来了。 He thought nobody knew about his embezzlement, but heaven’s net misses nothing; in the end he was caught. Regulatory compliance 新的税务系统实现了大数据比对，疏而不漏，任何偷漏税行为都能被发现。 The new tax system uses big-data matching: though broad, it leaves no gaps, so any tax evasion can be detected. 4 · Nuance & Precision Aspect Explanation Tone Formal, authoritative; often warning or moralizing. Scope Law, regulation, moral retribution—not for trivial mistakes (use 滴水不漏 for meticulous work). Implication There may be a delay, but accountability is inevitable. 5 · Quick Memory Hook “Loose mesh, no leak.” Use 疏而不漏 when you need to stress that ultimate detection or justice is certain, even if it looks lax at first. ---- 疏而不漏 — Executive-Level Playbook Purpose: deploy this idiom as a concise, powerful signal that “our control system may look relaxed, but nothing ultimately escapes.” Use it to project confidence, deter corner-cutting, or reassure oversight. 3 . Delivery Tips Pair with authority noun 法网、制度、风控、合规框架 + 疏而不漏 → legal, regulatory tone. 大数据/AI 引擎 + 疏而不漏 → tech credibility. Contrast “宽” with “严” 先肯定灵活：“流程尽量宽松” → 马上收口：“但疏而不漏。” Use once, let it echo Drop it, pause, change eye contact. Over-repetition weakens punch. Back it up with fact Follow with a concrete detection metric (“异常捕获率 99.8%”). Shows it’s not empty rhetoric. 4 . Common Mis-fires to Avoid Minor issues: Don’t waste the idiom on petty tasks; reserve it for risk & compliance. Physical constraints: Remember it’s about oversight/intelligence, not literal traps. Humorous tone: Keep neutral or stern; joking dilutes authority. 5 . Cheat Sheet for Quick Insertion [监控/法网/系统] 疏而不漏，(结果/责任) 终将落实。 Example: “我们的 AI 风控疏而不漏，任何虚假充值终将落实责任。” Bottom line: Use 疏而不漏 sparingly, anchor it with hard data, and frame it as the quiet guarantee that your leadership’s “loose-mesh” culture still seals every leak.

Answer 309

疏 (shū): Sparse; scattered; not dense; neglect; to clear (drainage); distant (emotionally or in relationship) Key points: * Describes something not close together or dense (e.g., plants, population). * Can mean to neglect or be inattentive (疏忽, neglect). ---- 疏远 (疏遠, shūyuǎn) – “to drift apart / become distant” 1 · Core Meaning Verb: to let a relationship grow distant; to alienate. * 工作太忙，他渐渐疏远了朋友 - Adjective: distant, not close. * 两人的关系变得很疏远 - Key idea: gap in closeness—emotional or social. 2 · Common Grammar Patterns * A 与 / 跟 B 疏远他跟父母越来越疏远 - A grows distant from B * A 疏远 B (less common, more formal) 她故意疏远同事 A intentionally alienates B * (Adj.) 关系/感情 + 疏远他们的感情很疏远。 The relationship is distant Tip: Use 与/跟 when talking about two sides; use 疏远 + object when the subject is actively causing distance. 3 · Nuances & Precision Emotion-focused – describes a gradual loss of intimacy, not a sudden break (which would be 断绝). Often unintentional – can happen naturally (time, distance) or by deliberate avoidance. Not physical distance – use 远离 for literal space. Contrast: * 冷淡 – “cold” in attitude for a moment. * 疏远 – long-term relational drift. 4 · Illustrative Sentences 因为价值观不同，他们慢慢疏远了 - “Because their values differed, they slowly drifted apart.” 别总工作到深夜，否则会让家人觉得你在疏远他们 - “Don’t work late every night, or your family will feel you’re distancing yourself from them.” 疫情期间大家少见面，人际关系难免有点疏远 - “During the pandemic, people met less, so relationships inevitably became a bit distant.” 公司合并后，他被调到新部门，与原团队逐渐疏远。 “After the merger he was moved to a new division and gradually grew distant from his old team.” 5 · Quick Checklist for Precise Use Talking about relationships, not geography. Usually progressive distance, not abrupt severance. Pair with 与/跟 for mutual drift; use 疏远 + 对象 for intentional distancing. Memory hook: “疏” = loose / sparse, “远” = far ⇒ 疏远 = gaps appear and widen. 因为我感觉你在疏远我我觉得那天，你在疏远我，因为你跟别人说：我晚上有事情，她没有。看起来我像第一天认识。

Answer 310

罪 (zuì): Crime; guilt; offense; sin Key points: * Refers to an act against the law, morality, or rules. * Used for both legal crimes and moral/religious sins (e.g., 罪犯 criminal, 有罪 guilty, 罪恶 sin/evil). --------------- 受罪 Emphasises unpleasant suffering—physical pain, boredom, humiliation, bad environment. Often implies pointless or forced hardship. Native reaction: “I wouldn’t choose this if I had a choice.” 吃苦 Emphasises hard work / discipline you consciously take on. Carries a moral approval: enduring now for future benefit. Common in proverbs: 吃得苦中苦，方为人上人 (“Only by eating the hardest bitterness can you stand above others”). Quick Tests Would a parent praise it? “孩子肯吃苦” ✔ “孩子肯受罪” ✖ (sounds abusive) Does it build skills? Military training → 吃苦 Food poisoning on a long bus ride → 受罪 Example Sentences 受罪这么热的天排队三个小时，真是受罪！ “Lining up three hours in this heat is pure misery.” 这家医院条件太差，住进去就是受罪。 “Staying in that hospital is suffering.” 吃苦想成功就得先吃苦。 “If you want success, you must first endure hardship.” 他从小在农村吃苦，所以特别能干。 “He went through hardship in the countryside, so he’s very capable.” One-line Summary 受罪 = pointless torment you’d escape if you could. 吃苦 = chosen or accepted hardship that makes you stronger.

Answer 311

判 (pàn): Judge; decide; sentence; distinguish Key points: * Refers to making a judgment or decision, especially in a legal or formal context. * Used for court decisions (判决), sentencing, or distinguishing between things. ---- Quick meanings 谈判 (tánpàn) – negotiate formally to reach an agreement. 谈谈 (tán tan) – just “talk a bit,” an informal chat; no strong goal. 商量 (shāng liang) – “discuss and decide together,” friendly co-planning. Core differences Formality & stakes 谈判 ⇒ high-stakes, structured (contracts, diplomacy). 商量 ⇒ everyday joint decision (family plans, team tasks). 谈谈 ⇒ casual conversation; could be serious later, but not by the word itself. Goal 谈判 → clear, often written agreement; may be adversarial. 商量 → find a mutually acceptable plan; cooperative. 谈谈 → share thoughts, exchange info; goal can be open-ended. Typical partners 谈判: companies, governments, unions. 商量: friends, relatives, coworkers, classmates. 谈谈: anyone, often with 你 / 咱们 (“let’s talk”). How to choose You need to… Pick hammer out a contract, price, cease-fire 谈判 decide weekend trip, choose a logo, split chores 商量 grab coffee and chat about ideas or issues 谈谈 Grammar snapshots Pattern Example English feel A 与/跟 B 谈判政府正与工会谈判。 “The government is negotiating with the union.” 就 topic 谈判双方就关税问题谈判。 “They are negotiating on tariffs.” 跟…商量 (+ 事) 我想跟你商量个计划。 “I want to discuss a plan with you.” 商量一下咱们商量一下时间。 “Let’s talk over the timing.” (跟/和)…谈谈我们下班后谈谈。 “Let’s have a chat after work.” 谈谈 + 看法/想法请大家谈谈自己的想法。 “Everyone, share your thoughts.” One-line memory hooks 谈判 – “negotiation table.” 商量 – “let’s figure it out together.” 谈谈 – “let’s just talk.” ---- For haggling over price with a shop owner, native speakers normally say 讨价还价 (tǎo jià huán jià) or 砍价 (kǎn jià). If you must choose from the three words we compared: Word Why / Why not for street-price bargaining 商量 ✅ Best fit of the three. Sounds cooperative and informal: “跟老板商量一下价格” (“Talk it over with the owner about the price”). 谈判 ❌ Too formal and high-stakes; evokes business contracts or diplomacy, not stall haggling. 谈谈 △ Just means “chat”; lacks the idea of reaching a price deal. Bottom line: Use 讨价还价 / 砍价 for real street bargaining. Among 谈判 / 商量 / 谈谈, 商量 is the closest and most natural choice.

Answer 312

讨价还价 (tǎo jià huán jià) — how to use it accurately 1. Core idea Literal meaning: “ask a price, return a price.” Practical meaning: two sides haggle back-and-forth over money or other terms until they reach agreement. 2. Grammar patterns you actually use Subject + 跟 / 与 + Counterparty + 讨价还价我们跟供应商讨价还价了一周。 “We bargained with the supplier for a week.” 在 + Specific topic + 上 + 讨价还价他总想在截止日期上讨价还价。 “He keeps haggling over the deadline.” (少 / 别 / 不要) + 讨价还价 for a warning or order 别在安全标准上讨价还价。 “Don’t bargain over safety standards.” Tip: 讨价还价 already functions as a verb phrase—no extra 做、进行, etc. 3. Nuances to keep in mind Neutral or positive when it’s normal price negotiation (markets, procurement, salary talks). 买菜要会讨价还价。 “You need to know how to bargain when buying vegetables.” Negative tone when someone nit-picks or delays on issues that should be non-negotiable. 在伦理问题上讨价还价是不被接受的。 “Haggling over ethical issues is not acceptable.” Alternative words: 谈判 — formal “negotiate” in business or diplomacy. 砍价 — colloquial “slash the price,” used in street markets. 4. Extra examples to lock in usage 客户不断讨价还价，最后价格降了一成。 “The client kept bargaining and finally got ten percent off.” 如果你不会讨价还价，起薪可能会低很多。 “If you don’t know how to haggle, your starting salary might be much lower.” 合同已经定稿，后面不允许再讨价还价。 “The contract is finalized; no more bargaining is allowed.” 5. Quick checklist Use it only for give-and-take negotiation, not fixed prices or government fees. Pair with 跟 / 与 for the person, or 在…上 for the specific issue. Skip additional verbs; 讨价还价 itself is the action. Remember: 讨 (ask) → 价 (price) → 还 (return) → 价 (price) — a back-and-forth dance until both sides meet in the middle.

Answer 313

担 (dān): Bear; carry; shoulder (a burden or responsibility) Key points: * Refers to taking on responsibility, burden, or duty. * Common in words like 承担 (undertake, bear responsibility), 担心 (worry, literally "bear in heart"). 担心，分担，承担 ----------------- 分担 (分擔, fēn dān) — “to share a burden / to divide and take on part of a task or responsibility” 1. Core meaning Break a bigger load (work, cost, duty, risk) into parts so each person takes some. Focus is on shared responsibility, not simply “helping.” 2. Common grammar patterns A 与 / 跟 / 和 B 分担 + noun 我愿意和你分担家务。 “I’m willing to share the housework with you.” 为 / 替 + someone + 分担 + noun 她想为父母分担经济压力。 “She wants to ease her parents’ financial pressure.” 把 + noun + 分担给 / 分担到 + someone (less common, more formal) 把风险分担给所有合作伙伴。 “Distribute the risk among all partners.” Note: 分担 is a verb; no extra verbs like 做 or 进行. 3. Typical nouns that follow 分担工作 (work) 家务 / 家庭责任 (household duties) 费用 / 成本 (cost) 压力 / 风险 / 责任 (pressure, risk, responsibility) 4. Nuance you should know Voluntary: implies willingness; it is positive, supportive. Not a complete takeover: you take part of the burden, not all. Often emotional or moral tone: family, team spirit, fairness. 5. Illustrative examples 团队成员应互相分担任务，才能按时完成项目。 “Team members should share tasks so the project finishes on time.” 他分担了一半的租金，让室友轻松很多。 “He took on half the rent, which relieved his roommate a lot.” 朋友遇到困难时，我们应该分担他的担忧。 “When a friend is in trouble, we should share (some of) his worries.” 公司把物流费用分担到各地区分公司。 “The company allocated the shipping costs to the regional branches.” 6. Quick checklist for precision Use 分担 when several people split a burden. Always name the burden right after 分担. Avoid when the burden is indivisible or when you mean “replace” (that would be 代替). Pair with 和/跟/为/替 to show who shares with whom. Think: 分 (divide) + 担 (carry) → “divide and carry together.”

Answer 314

静 (jìng4): Quiet; still; silent; calm; tranquil Key points: * Emphasizes lack of noise, stillness, tranquility. * Used in words like 安静 (quiet), 寂静 (silent), 静止 (stationary). * Focuses on the absence of sound/movement or a peaceful state. 安: Focuses on peace, safety, or security. 静: Focuses on quietness, stillness, or calm (absence of noise/movement). ----- 平静 (píng2 jìng4) — core idea: calm, quiet, peaceful 1. Meanings Adjective – calm, still, not agitated 湖面很平静。 “The lake surface is calm.” Noun / state – calmness, tranquility 他努力保持内心的平静。 “He tries hard to keep inner calm.” 2. Key grammar patterns (很 / 非常 / 十分) + 平静 – describe a state 气氛突然变得非常平静。 “The atmosphere suddenly became very calm.” -- Quick Notes – Using 平静 (calm) with Precision Core sense: absence of agitation; applies to emotions, tones, scenes, water, markets. Main forms: Adjective: 湖面很平静 / 他看起来很平静. Noun/state: 保持内心的平静. Adverb: 她平静地回答. Typical verbs: 保持 / 让 / 使…平静; 平静下来 (to calm down). Common collocations: 心情平静, 平静的语气, 恢复平静. People vs. personality: ✔ Describes a person’s momentary state (“He stayed calm during the crisis”). ✖ Rarely used for stable personality; use 冷静, 沉稳, 稳重 instead. Literary exception: 他为人平静 (uncommon). Key takeaway: 平静 = temporary calmness; choose other words for a long-term “calm personality.” -- 保持 / 让 / 使 + object + 平静 – keep something calm 深呼吸可以让情绪平静下来。 “Deep breathing can calm your emotions.” 平静地 + Verb – adverbial use (“calmly”) 她平静地回答了所有问题。 “She answered all the questions calmly.” Noun + 的平静 – talk about the calmness of something 清晨的海边有一种难得的平静。 “There is a rare calm at the seaside in the early morning.” 3. Nuances to remember Emotional vs. physical: can describe both a person’s mood and an environment (weather, water, market). Positive but neutral: implies absence of disturbance, without praising or criticizing. Often used after change: “恢复平静” (return to calm) hints something turbulent happened before. 4. Collocations you’ll see a lot 心情平静 – a calm mood 平静的湖面 / 海面 – calm water 平静的语气 – a calm tone of voice 恢复平静 – to return to calm 保持平静 – to stay calm 5. Illustrative sentences 火灾被扑灭后，居民区终于恢复平静。 “After the fire was put out, the neighborhood finally returned to calm.” 即使面对批评，他仍保持平静的态度。 “Even when facing criticism, he maintains a calm attitude.” 外面风暴肆虐，屋里却出奇地平静。 “Outside the storm raged, yet inside it was strangely peaceful.” 请大家安静下来，遇事先让心跳平静。 “Everyone quiet down; when something happens, calm your heartbeat first.” 6. Quick checklist for precise use Use as adjective or noun; add 地 for adverb. Works for emotions (心情) and scenes (场面). For “calm down” as a verb, say 平静下来 / 让…平静. Avoid when meaning “flat” or “even” in pure geometry (用平面 / 平坦).

Answer 315

宗 (zōng): Ancestor; clan; sect; school (of thought); religion; main principle Key points: * Refers to origin or lineage (as in ancestor, clan). * Used for religious sects or schools of thought (e.g., 宗教 “religion”, 佛教宗派 “Buddhist sect”). * Can mean main principle or central idea (e.g., 宗旨 “purpose/aim”). ---- Chan Buddhism (禅宗): focuses on silent meditation, koans, and “seeing one’s nature.” Minimal ritual; scriptures secondary; stresses sudden awakening under a master’s guidance—suiting dedicated monastics or a small circle of serious lay practitioners. Mainstream Chinese lay Buddhism (largely Pure-Land–style): emphasizes chanting “Amituofo,” making offerings, burning incense, seeking merit and rebirth in Amitābha’s paradise. Ritual-rich, temple-centered, easily blended with folk customs and family ceremonies. Why Pure Land is popular and Chan remains niche: chanting is simple, time-efficient, gives clear promises (blessings now, Pure-Land later), meshes with social rituals, and has long imperial and temple support. Chan demands intensive retreats, strict discipline, offers abstract goals, and contributes little to communal rites—so it appeals mainly to those pursuing deep contemplative practice rather than the broader populace.

Answer 316

善 (shàn)： Good; kind; virtuous; be good at Key points: * Refers to goodness, kindness, or virtue (moral sense). * Also means to be skilled at something (e.g., 善于表达 "good at expressing oneself"). 完善 (wán shàn) — precise use guide 1. Core meaning Adjective: well-developed, thorough, without obvious flaws. 系统还不够完善。 – “The system is not yet thorough.” Verb: to refine or improve something until it is thorough. 我们需要完善流程。 – “We need to refine the process.” The word always carries the idea of closing gaps and adding missing pieces. 2. Key grammar patterns Adjective use 很 / 非常 / 更 + 完善这套制度已经非常完善。 “This set of rules is already very well-developed.” 完善的 + 名词完善的售后服务 – “a comprehensive after-sales service.” Verb use 完善 + 具体名词完善产品功能 – “improve product features.” 对 / 将 + 名词 + 进行完善公司将对安全措施进行完善。 “The company will further improve its safety measures.” 3. Nuances to remember Focus on systems, policies, plans, features. Not used for finishing a task (完成) or for “perfect beauty” (完美). Formal tone: common in business, tech, government, and academic writing. Implies ongoing improvement, not a one-time action. 4. Illustrative sentences 项目方案还需要进一步完善。 “The project proposal still needs further refinement.” 政府推出了更完善的医疗保障制度。 “The government has rolled out a more comprehensive healthcare system.” 请在发给客户之前完善报告的细节。 “Please polish the report details before sending it to the client.” 我们的用户手册不够完善，新手读了还是不明白。 “Our user manual isn’t thorough enough; newcomers still don’t understand after reading it.” 5. Quick checklist for precision Use 完善 when you mean “make or become thorough and fully developed.” Pair with nouns like 制度、流程、功能、政策、方案. For “finish,” say 完成; for “perfect” in the absolute sense, say 完美. ---- Real life * 龙博士：完善协同过滤算法文档

Answer 317

算法 (suàn fǎ) — “algorithm” in precise, everyday Chinese tech talk 1. Core meaning A step-by-step procedure that tells a computer (or person) exactly how to solve a problem. Always implies clear, logical, repeatable steps—more formal than 方法 (“method”). 2. Grammar quick-start Part of speech: noun only. No verb form: you design (设计) or optimize (优化) an algorithm, but you never “算法 something.” Common verbs in front: 开发、设计、实现、调整、改进、测试. 3. Typical collocations 机器学习算法 (machine-learning algorithm) 推荐算法 (recommendation algorithm) 排序算法 (sorting algorithm) 加密算法 (encryption algorithm) 算法模型 (algorithmic model) 算法工程师 (algorithm engineer) 4. Nuance & context Technical register: used in IT, data science, finance, not in casual chit-chat unless the topic is tech. Not every “method” is 算法: making tea is 方法, not 算法. In Chinese media: “平台的算法推送” = “the platform’s algorithmic feed,” often implying opaque, automated decision-making. 5. Illustrative sentences 我们正在开发新的推荐算法，提高视频点击率。 “We’re developing a new recommendation algorithm to boost video click-through.” 这套排序算法的时间复杂度是 O(n log n)。 “This sorting algorithm has time complexity O(n log n).” 要成为算法工程师，你必须熟悉概率、线性代数和编程。 “To become an algorithm engineer, you need to master probability, linear algebra, and coding.” 政策要求平台公开算法规则，保护用户隐私。 “Regulations require platforms to disclose their algorithm rules and protect user privacy.” 6. Quick checklist for accurate use Use 算法 only for formal, step-wise computational procedures. Pair with verbs like 设计、实现、优化—not with 是, 做, etc. Add a domain word in front (推荐、加密、机器学习) to specify type. Avoid calling everyday “methods” 算法 unless they truly follow algorithmic logic. Think: 算 (“calculate”) + 法 (“method”) → a calculation method precise enough for a machine to follow. * 龙博士：设计并获取推荐算法特征

Answer 318

数据开发 (shù jù kāi fā) — “data development” explained clearly 1. What it means A set of engineering tasks that turn raw data into usable, trusted assets. Typical activities: collecting → cleaning → transforming → loading into warehouses → building data models, pipelines, and APIs for downstream use. Goal: make data ready for analysis, reporting, machine-learning, and product features. 2. How the term behaves grammatically Noun phrase (discipline / work scope) 他在做数据开发。 “He’s doing data-development work.” Object of action verbs 负责 + 数据开发开展 / 进行 + 数据开发 Modifier in job titles or teams 数据开发工程师 — data-development engineer 数据开发平台 — data-engineering platform Tip: Unlike 算法 or 分析, 数据开发 is a broad umbrella term, not a single task. 3. What it is not Not 数据分析 (data analysis) — that focuses on insights and dashboards. Not 纯软件开发 — though it uses code, its deliverable is reliable data tables, not end-user apps. 4. Common collocations 数据开发流程 (data-development workflow) 数据开发文档 (development docs) 数据开发规范 (standards) 数据开发项目 / 任务 (project / task) 5. Illustrative sentences 我们团队主要负责 ETL 和实时数据开发。 “Our team is in charge of ETL and real-time data development.” 新人先熟悉公司数据开发规范，再上线代码。 “New hires must learn the company’s data-development standards before deploying code.” 这套数据开发平台支持拖拽式建表和定时调度。 “This data-development platform supports drag-and-drop table creation and scheduled jobs.” 业务方提的需求属于报表，不需要额外数据开发。 “The business request is just a report; no extra data development is needed.” 6. Quick checklist for precise use Use 数据开发 when talking about engineering pipelines that prepare data. Pair with verbs like 做、负责、进行、开展 to show action. Add qualifiers (离线、实时、云上) to specify the environment if needed. Contrast it with 数据分析 (insight work) and 算法开发 (model code) to avoid ambiguity. Remember: 数据开发 = engineering the data so everyone else can trust and use it.

Answer 319

落地 (luò dì) 1. Core meanings 1.1. Literal: “touch the ground.” * 飞机已经落地 - The plane has landed. 1.2. Figurative (business-tech jargon): Implementation: turn a plan or idea into real, on-the-ground execution - * 把方案落地 = make the proposal happen. 2. How it works grammatically Verb (intransitive or transitive) 产品终于落地了 - The product has finally launched. * 把战略落地到具体项目。 “Land the strategy in concrete projects.” Verb–object set phrase using 落地实施 / 落地执行 to stress “implement.” * 需要强力的落地执行团队 - We need a strong execution team to land this. Adjective-like prefix (for things reaching the ground) * 落地窗 (floor-to-ceiling window) * 落地页 (landing page in digital marketing) 3. Nuances to keep in mind Emphasises completion and practical results, not just starting. Implies overcoming obstacles between “paper” and “reality.” In project reviews, saying 方案没落地 = “the plan never became reality” (critical). The plan was not implementated In IT, 落地 often overlaps with 上线 (“go live”) but adds the sense of full adoption, not only technical release. 4. High-frequency collocations * 项目 / 产品 / 方案 / 政策 + 落地 * 落地实施 / 落地执行 / 落地推广 * 落地页 (digital ads) * 落地签 (visa on arrival) 5. Illustrative examples 这项数据治理方案预计三个月内落地。“The data-governance plan is expected to be implemented / land within three months.” 如果没有资源支持，策略很难落地 - Without resource support, a strategy is hard to implement. 政府出台新政策后，各地已经开始落地执行 - After the government issued the new policy, local regions have begun executing it on the ground.” 他负责把 AI 模型落地到生产环境。 “He’s in charge of deploying the AI model to production.” 请在广告里放对的落地页链接。 “Please put the correct landing-page link in the ad.” 6. Quick checklist for precise use Literal context → aircraft, objects: 落地. Business / tech → turning plan into real-world results: 把…落地 / 落地实施. Pair with nouns like 方案、产品、策略、政策. Use 落地页 only for marketing “landing page.” For mere code release, 上线 is safe; for full adoption, prefer 落地. Think: idea in the air → 落 (drop) + 地 (ground) → “make it real.” ---- Real life examples * 魏小威：讨论pere模型的落地方案

Answer 320

Chinese word for daily-missions

Answer 321

三 = three, 方 = side → “the (third) side that makes it three.” ----- 三方 (sān fāng) 1. Core ideas Tripartite / three parties together – a situation, meeting, or document that involves exactly three sides. Third-party – shorthand for “independent from the first two parties,” often interchangeable with “第三方.” Context decides which sense is meant; both share the idea of “an extra side beyond the first two.” 2. Parts of speech and common patterns Noun (subject or object) 这次谈判由三方参加。 “Three parties are taking part in the negotiation.” Attributive before a noun 三方协议 – tripartite agreement (student + employer + university). 三方支付 – third-party payments (e.g., Alipay). 三方平台 – third-party platform. Role in 甲方 / 乙方 lists 合同里写明：甲方、乙方、三方各自的责任。 “The contract states the responsibilities of Party A, Party B, and the third party.” 3. Nuance and “第三方” 三方 stresses “there are three parties.” 第三方 stresses “the side that is not the main two.” In tech and finance, people often drop “第” and just say 三方公司、三方接口, meaning third-party vendor / API. Both forms are acceptable as long as the role is clear. 4. Illustrative sentences 我们需要第三方/三方审计，确保数据公正。 “We need a third-party audit to keep the data fair.” 毕业前要签一份三方协议，学校也要盖章。 “Before graduation you must sign a tripartite agreement, and the university has to stamp it.” 新功能将通过三方支付平台收款。 “The new feature will accept payments via a third-party platform.” 为了降低风险，甲乙双方决定引入三方调解。 “To lower risk, Parties A and B decided to bring in a third-party mediator.” 5. Quick checklist for correct use Talking about exactly three collaborators → use 三方. Talking about a neutral external provider → 三方 or 第三方 both work; add 公司 / 平台 / 接口 for clarity. Pair with verbs like 签、引入、委托 when it is a participant; place before a noun when it acts as an adjective. --- Real life 三方机台将提现合规包/马甲包看板搭建 - Build dashboards for third-party automated outbound packages (“sub-bundle / wrapper” builds).

Answer 322

积 (jī1): Accumulate; amass; store up; quantity Key points: * Refers to gathering or collecting over time (e.g., 积累 "to accumulate", 积分 "accumulated points"). * Can also mean the amount or quantity accumulated. 极 (jí2) — “utmost, to the limit” Reaches the farthest point; heightens whatever comes before it. Put together: 积极 = “energy gathered to the highest point.” The word paints action that isn’t casual or half-hearted: you’ve built up (积) effort and now push it to the max (极). From this image comes today’s sense: eager, proactive, full of drive. -------------------------- 积极 (jī1 jí2) 1. Core idea Positive + Proactive. It shows willing energy to do something, not just a good mood. 2. Two main grammatical roles Adjective: * 积极态度 - a proactive attitude * 积极措施 - active measures Adverb (add 地) * 积极地参与 - take part actively * 积极地配合 - co-operate enthusiastically Tip: The noun form for “initiative / enthusiasm” is 积极性 (调动员工的积极性). 3. Handy sentence patterns 对 + topic + 很积极 * 他对学习中文很积极 - He is very proactive about learning Chinese. 积极 + Verb 公司积极推动数字化转型。 The company is actively promoting digital transformation. 积极的 + Noun 政府出台了一系列积极的措施。 The government rolled out a series of active measures. Verb + 积极性这项奖励提高了团队的积极性。 The bonus raised the team’s initiative. 4. Nuance & contrasts 主动 – stresses “taking the first step”; 积极 is broader and covers attitude. 乐观 – optimistic mood; 积极 implies concrete action. 消极 – direct opposite: passive, negative. 5. Extra examples 请大家积极发言，别害羞 - Please speak up actively—don’t be shy. 若学生不积极，教学效果会大打折扣 - If the students aren’t proactive, the teaching results suffer. 面对问题，他选择积极应对而不是抱怨 - He chose to tackle the problem positively instead of complaining. 6. Quick checklist - Use 积极 for willing, energetic action or policy moves. - Add 地 when it modifies a verb (积极地学习). - Pair with 提高 / 调动 when talking about 积极性. - Opposite word to show passivity: 消极. - Think of 积极 as “leaning forward and doing it with a positive drive.” -- Difference to 主动： * 积极 = willing, energetic, enthusiastic. * 主动 = taking the first move on your own. How they feel different Focus * 积极 stresses attitude and drive. You’re keen and put in effort. * 主动 stresses initiative. You act first without being told. Opposites * 积极 ↔ 消极 (passive–negative attitude). * 主动 ↔ 被动 (reactive, only act after others). Typical collocations * 积极学习积极配合积极措施积极性 (enthusiasm) * 主动沟通主动申请主动承担主动性 (initiative) Usage notes * 积极 works as adjective (积极态度) or adverb (积极地参加). * 主动 works as adjective (主动的人), adverb (主动地联系), or verb-like (他主动了 “he made the first move”).

Answer 323

积 (jī1): Accumulate; amass; store up; quantity Key points: * Refers to gathering or collecting over time (e.g., 积累 "to accumulate", 积分 "accumulated points"). * Can also mean the amount or quantity accumulated. ---- Key examples: 1. Manufacturing company example “...学习积分、...积分考勤、...积分兑换、...积分统计...” Meaning: Here, 积分 refers to a points system used for employees—they can earn points for activities like learning, attendance, etc. The points can be tracked, redeemed, and managed (积分考勤: attendance points, 积分兑换: points redemption, 积分统计: points statistics). Purpose: to motivate employees and manage rewards or progress. 2. Membership/loyalty system example “抵扣积分、...积分等级、...积分充值...” Meaning: 积分 here is for a customer loyalty/membership program. Members earn points through spending or activities (积分等级: points level/rank, 积分充值: points recharge/top-up). Points can be used for discounts or benefits (抵扣积分: use points to deduct from a bill or get rewards). 3. Event or contest example “...获得200积分的机会...” Meaning: 积分 means contest or activity points. Participants may win or earn points as part of a competition, which can be accumulated and possibly exchanged for rewards or rankings. 4. Conference/meeting example “...积分考勤、...积分奖励...” Meaning: Points are given for things like attendance (积分考勤) or participation in business events (积分奖励: points rewards). Can be used to encourage engagement or track participation among attendees or employees. Summary In all these cases, 积分 refers to a system of points awarded for certain behaviors (attendance, purchases, participation, learning, etc.). The points are then used for rewards, rankings, or privileges within a company or membership system. This usage is extremely common in both workplace and customer loyalty contexts in modern China. Key grammar: 积分+考勤 (points for attendance) 积分+奖励 (points as reward) 积分+兑换 (points redemption/exchange) 积分+等级 (points-based rank/tier) Sharp understanding: 2. Everyday meaning: “points / credits” 2.1 Customer & loyalty points What it is Points you earn by spending or engaging; later redeem for gifts or discounts. Grammar 累积积分 / 兑换积分 / 使用积分例: 购物满 100 元可累积 10 积分。例: 我用 500 积分换了一张电影票。 Nuance Same as “reward points” in English. Do not confuse with money; add 单位 like “点” if necessary. 2.2 Sports & ranking points What it is League or competition points that decide standings. Grammar 球队积 3 分 / 积分榜 (league table) 例: 取胜后他们在积分榜升到第一。 Nuance Often appears in news; interchangeable with “联赛积分”. 3. Common mistakes to avoid 加分 vs. 积分加分 = “add extra marks” (usually once). 积分 = the running total of points. 分数 vs. 积分分数 is an exam score. 积分 is a cumulative tally. 4. Quick checklist for precise use Talking calculus? → 积分 = integral; pair with 求、计算、定、不定. Talking loyalty or games? → 积分 = points; pair with 累积、兑换、清零、排行榜. Talking sports table? → 积分榜 / 积 3 分. Never treat 积分 as cash; always mention how to earn or redeem. Keep these frames in mind and your use of 积分 will always be clear and context-appropriate.

Answer 324

余 (yú): Surplus; remainder; extra; what is left; in addition Key points: * Refers to what remains after use (e.g., 余额 “balance/remain”, 剩余 “surplus”). * Can also mean “in addition” or “besides”. ----- 多余 (duō yú) — precise use and understanding 1. Core meaning Unneeded, extra, or redundant. Describes something that exceeds what is necessary—can refer to objects, actions, or words. 2. Grammar and usage Adjective (most common): 放在名词前后，修饰或补充说明。 Example: * 这里有多余的椅子 “There are extra chairs here.” * 这些材料都是多余的 “These materials are all unnecessary.” Predicate/Result: Your action, remark, or item is more than needed. Example: * 你说这些话很多余 - “Saying this is unnecessary/redundant.” * 这些步骤其实多余了 - “These steps are actually superfluous.” Verb pattern: * Rare, but can use “把…多余的部分去掉” “Remove the unnecessary part…” 3. Nuances and tone Can be neutral or slightly negative (implies waste, pointless effort, or even awkwardness). Applies to things, effort, or words that add no value or cause clutter/confusion. 4. Common collocations * 多余的话 (unnecessary words) * 多余的东西 (superfluous items) * 多余的步骤 (redundant steps) * 显得多余 (seems unnecessary) 5. Illustrative examples 请把多余的文件收起来 - “Please put away the extra documents.” 你的担心其实是多余的 - “Your worry is actually unnecessary.” 他的话让人觉得很多余 - “His words felt completely unneeded.” 做这一步是多余的，直接下一步就行 - “This step is redundant—you can just go to the next.” 6. Quick checklist for precision Use 多余 for anything beyond what’s needed or useful—things, words, actions. Tone is sometimes neutral, sometimes hints at pointlessness or awkwardness. Place before or after the noun; use as a predicate for “X is unnecessary.” Memory aid: 多 (more) + 余 (leftover) = “that which is extra and shouldn’t be there.” ------ 微信上的案例： * 不远，但是我没有多余的钱 * 可惜我没有多余的钱买股票 * 本来是和你女朋友去的，那我很多余 * 我感觉到了我的多余

Answer 325

其 (qí): Its; his/her; their; that; such Key points: * Pronoun used for “his, her, its, their” (possessive or referring to something mentioned).* Also used for “that” or “such” (referring back to something). --- 余 (yú): Surplus; remainder; extra; what is left; in addition Key points: * Refers to what remains after use (e.g., 余额 “balance/remain”, 剩余 “surplus”). * Can also mean “in addition” or “besides”. ----- 其余(的) — strictly “the remaining (things/people)” after some have been specified or taken. 其他(的) — “other(s),” can mean “the rest,” “other options,” or “something else.” ---- 其余 (qí2 yú2) — “the rest / the others / remaining” 1. Core meaning Refers to all that is left after some items/people have been singled out. Same idea as “the rest,” “the others,” or “the remaining” in English. 2. Grammar and usage Part of speech: pronoun or attributive (before a noun). Common structures: [Some items/people] + 其余（的）+[noun/people/things] 三个人去参加会议，其余的人留在公司。“Three went to the meeting, the others stayed at the company.” [Do something to one group], 其余 + [verb/adj. or sentence] 你先选一本书，其余的我来处理。“You pick one book, I’ll handle the rest.” As subject or object on its own 这些先搬走，其余以后再说。“Move these first; the rest can wait.” 3. Nuances to remember Implies “all other(s) not already mentioned”—the leftovers after a subset is taken out. Often followed by 的 when attached to a noun (其余的时间, 其余的人). Used for both things and people. 4. Typical mistakes Don’t use 其余 to mean “extra” or “additional” (that’s 额外 or 另外). Don’t use for “all together” (that’s 全部 or 所有). 5. Illustrative examples 这几份文件请你签字，其余的我会发给其他人。“Please sign these documents; I’ll send the rest to others.” 他们先走了，其余的人还在等车。“They left first; the remaining people are still waiting for a ride.” 你拿一块蛋糕，其余的留给同事吧。 “Take a piece of cake, leave the rest for your colleagues.” 这部分预算已经用完，其余的下个月再用。 “This part of the budget is used up; the rest will be spent next month.” 6. Quick checklist Use 其余 for “the rest” or “what’s left after a selection.” Can be used alone or before a noun with 的. Never use for “extra” (额外) or “all” (全部). Applies to both people and things.

Answer 326

业 yè4 = career/work; 余 yú2 = spare/leftover → what you do besides your main work. ------ 业余 = not a profesional, may still be very skilled. Nooby (菜鸟、菜, 新手) = beginner, not skilled yet. ---- 业余 (業餘, yè yú) 1. Core meaning Amateur / part-time / non-professional Describes people, skills, or activities done outside one’s main job or not at a professional level. 2. Common usage patterns 业余 + noun (shows someone is not a professional at it) 业余歌手 (amateur singer) 业余摄影师 (hobbyist photographer) 业余足球队 (amateur football team) 业余 + activity (something done in spare time) 业余时间学习英语。 “Study English in your free time.” As an adjective for “non-professional” 他只是业余选手。 “He’s only an amateur player.” 3. Nuance Not negative — means for interest/hobby or not the main source of income. Contrast with: 专业 (zhuān yè): professional, full-time 全职 (quán zhí): full-time job/worker 4. Illustrative examples 我业余时间喜欢打篮球。 “I like playing basketball in my spare time.” 她是业余画家，平时做医生。 “She’s an amateur painter; her main job is doctor.” 这个比赛只对业余选手开放。 “This contest is only open to amateurs.” 5. Quick checklist Use 业余 when describing hobbies, part-time jobs, or anyone who is not a professional in that field. Don’t use it for side businesses that are still professional—keep it for “non-expert” or “in your own time” situations. --- Wechat 业余都用来学习汉语

Answer 327

余额 (餘額, yú’é) — “balance” (usually of money or points) 1. Core meaning The remaining amount of something (usually money or points) after payments, deductions, or transactions. Very commonly used in banking, payment apps, digital wallets, phone accounts, or points systems. 2. How to use it 账户余额 — account balance 请查询您的账户余额。 “Please check your account balance.” 积分余额 — points balance 您的积分余额为500分。 “Your points balance is 500.” 余额不足 — insufficient balance 付款失败，余额不足。 “Payment failed: insufficient balance.” 可用余额 — available balance 可用余额显示在首页。 “Available balance is shown on the homepage.” 3. Nuances Strictly a noun; refers to what’s left over, not a transaction. Applies to money, data, talk minutes, points, etc. 4. Quick examples 手机余额 (mobile balance) 微信钱包余额 (WeChat wallet balance) 账户余额已清零 (Account balance is now zero.) Remember: 余额 = what you have left in an account, after all transactions. It’s the default Chinese word for “balance” in financial or digital contexts.

Answer 328

剩 (shèng): Remain; be left over; surplus Key points: * Refers to what is left after using, spending, or removing something.* Common in words like 剩下 (left over), 剩余 (surplus, remaining). 剩余 (剩餘, shèngyú) — “remaining; leftover; surplus” 1. Core meaning What is left after something has been used, spent, consumed, or distributed. Can refer to time, money, items, energy, etc. 2. How to use it 作为动词 (verb): 剩余 (shèngyú) — to remain, to be left over 只剩余两张票了 - “Only two tickets are left.” 作为名词 (noun): 剩余 (shèngyú) — the remaining part 把剩余的蛋糕分给大家 - “Share the leftover cake with everyone.” 常见搭配 (common collocations): * 剩余时间 (remaining time) * 剩余价值 (surplus value, economics) * 剩余能量 (remaining energy) * 剩余资金 (remaining funds) 3. Nuances Versatile: applies to anything that can be counted, measured, or divided (time, money, goods, etc.). Can be used in daily life and formal settings. Not limited to accounts: for that, use 余额. 4. Examples 会议还有五分钟的剩余时间。“The meeting has five minutes left.” 剩余的材料可以留着以后用。“The leftover materials can be kept for later.” 今年的剩余预算不多了。“There’s not much budget left for this year.” Summary: * Use 剩余 for “what’s left” of anything after use or distribution. * For account balances, use 余额. For general leftovers, use 剩余.

Answer 329

How to use 读书 (dú shū) to mean "attending school" with precision: 1. Meaning In Chinese, 读书 can mean “to attend school,” especially in the context of being a student or receiving formal education. Most natural when referring to someone studying at a certain school, college, or away from home. 2. How to use it correctly A. With a place or institution: 他在北京大学读书。 “He is studying/attending school at Peking University.” 我妹妹在国外读书。 “My sister is studying/going to school abroad.” B. With a grade or academic stage: 她现在高中读书。 “She’s attending high school now.” 孩子们小学读书很重要。 “It’s important for kids to attend elementary school.” C. Emphasizing being away from home for education: 他在外地读书。 “He’s studying away from home.” 3. Precision tips Always specify the location, level, or institution for this meaning—avoid just saying “我读书,” which sounds incomplete unless the context is clear. This use is slightly more formal or written; in casual speech, “上学” (shàng xué) is more common for “go to school.”

Answer 330

压 / 壓 (yā): Press; push down; suppress; pressure; weigh down Key points: Refers to physically pressing or weighing down on something (e.g., 压力 “pressure”, 压住 “to press down”). Can also mean to suppress or hold back (e.g., 压抑 “to repress”). Used for both physical and emotional pressure. -- 抑 (yì): Restrain; suppress; repress; hold back Key points: * Refers to holding back, restraining, or suppressing feelings, actions, or forces. * Common in words like 压抑 (to repress/suppress), 抑制 (to restrain/control). -- 压抑 (yā yì) — “to suppress; to hold back; oppressive (emotion)” 1. Core meaning Verb: To suppress, hold back, or restrain feelings, thoughts, or desires. Adjective/feeling: Feeling oppressed, stifled, or unable to express oneself; emotionally heavy or “weighed down.” 2. How to use it As a verb: * 压抑自己的情感 - Suppress one’s emotions. * 他一直在压抑内心的愤怒 - He has been holding back his anger.” As a feeling/adjective: * 气氛很压抑 - The atmosphere is oppressive. * 这里的环境让人很压抑 - The environment here feels stifling. * 家里发生争吵后，气氛很压抑 - After the argument at home, the atmosphere was really heavy and tense. * 这个学校的管理方式让学生觉得很压抑 - The way this school is managed makes students feel repressed. * 在那个城市生活让我很压抑 - Living in that city made me feel stifled. the atmosphere (气氛) or the environment/setting (环境) feels emotionally heavy, tense, or stifling * Scene: Everyone is silent, no one dares to speak, maybe people are sad, angry, or afraid. * Scene: The place makes people feel they can’t be themselves, can’t speak freely, or are always under pressure. -- Describing a person: * 他是个很压抑的人 - He is a very repressed person. (压抑的人 can be that way because others repress them or because they habitually repress themselves (or both). The result is the same: they keep their feelings inside and rarely express them.) 3. Nuances Emotional or psychological: Commonly describes suppressed emotions, mental stress, or stifling environments. Can be used for social, family, or work settings (a压抑的家庭/工作环境). Can describe both the act of suppression and the feeling of being suppressed. 4. Common collocations 压抑情感 (suppress emotions) 压抑气氛 (oppressive/stifling atmosphere) 压抑自己 (hold oneself back) 压抑的社会 (repressive society) 5. Example sentences 这种生活让我感到很压抑。 “This kind of life makes me feel very stifled.” 他习惯了压抑自己的需求。 “He’s used to suppressing his own needs.” 在这样的压力下，很多人都变得很压抑。 “Under this kind of pressure, many people become very repressed.” 香港压抑得很你们都是被压抑的人他压抑已久的情绪终于爆发了 - His long-suppressed emotions finally erupted.

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Istanbul 伊 - Yi1 - surname Yi/abbr. for Iraq or Iran

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坚 (jiān): Firm; strong; solid; resolute; steadfast Key points: * Refers to physical strength or firmness (e.g., 坚硬 “hard, solid”). * Also used for mental or emotional strength, determination (e.g., 坚定 “firm, resolute”). ------ 坚强 (堅強, jiān qiáng) — “strong; tough; resilient” 1. Core meaning Describes a person’s character, willpower, or spirit—someone who is mentally or emotionally strong, can handle setbacks, and does not break under pressure. Also used for “strong” (non-physical) things, such as determination, attitude, or support. 2. How to use it As an adjective: 他很坚强。 “He is very strong (mentally/emotionally).” 她在困难面前表现得非常坚强。 “She showed great strength in the face of difficulty.” With abstract nouns: 坚强的意志 (strong will) 坚强的性格 (resilient personality) 坚强的支持 (solid support) 你要坚强一点！ “You have to be a bit stronger!” / “Be strong!” As a verb (less common, mostly imperative): 坚强起来！ “Pull yourself together! Be strong!” 3. Nuances Always about inner strength, not muscles or physical power (that would be 强壮). Positive word: often used to praise someone for overcoming hardship, loss, stress, or trauma. Can be used for encouragement: 遇到困难时要坚强。 “Be strong when facing difficulties.” 4. Typical contexts Loss, illness, setbacks, pressure—when someone needs to show willpower and not give up emotionally. Praising people for “not breaking down” or “holding on.” 5. Summary Use 坚强 for mental and emotional strength—the ability to keep going, face hardship, and not collapse inside. It’s the standard word for “strong” in a non-physical, personal sense in Chinese.

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坚 (jiān): Firm; strong; solid; resolute; steadfast Key points: * Refers to physical strength or firmness (e.g., 坚硬 “hard, solid”). * Also used for mental or emotional strength, determination (e.g., 坚定 “firm, resolute”). ------ 坚持 (jiān chí) — How to use it accurately: Core meaning: To persist, to not give up, or to keep doing something despite difficulties. Use for: Pursuing dreams or goals over the long term (“坚持梦想”) Sticking to beliefs or principles (“坚持原则”) Keeping up a habit or routine (“坚持锻炼”) Enduring a tough situation for a set time (“再坚持三天” — “hang in there three more days”) Tone & Nuance: Positive, encouraging — focuses on determination, effort, and seeing things through. Works for both big goals and small hardships. Can be used for both yourself and others. Typical phrases: 坚持下去 (“keep it up; don’t stop”) 坚持到最后 (“stick it out to the end”) 只要坚持就会成功 (“if you keep going, you’ll succeed”) Contrast: For “endure suffering” (emphasizing passive tolerance), use 忍 (rěn) or 忍受. 坚持 is more about active perseverance and not giving up. Bottom line: Whenever you want to express “persisting” (whether in dreams, goals, routines, or enduring hardship for a time), 坚持 is the go-to word in Chinese. It’s natural, positive, and fits almost all situations where English would use “keep going,” “hang in there,” or “don’t give up.”

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坚 (jiān): Firm; strong; solid; resolute; steadfast Key points: * Refers to physical strength or firmness (e.g., 坚硬 “hard, solid”). * Also used for mental or emotional strength, determination (e.g., 坚定 “firm, resolute”). ------ 坚果 (堅果, jiān guǒ) — “nut” 1. Core meaning The general word for nuts—hard-shelled, edible seeds or fruits such as walnuts, almonds, cashews, pistachios, hazelnuts, etc. Also includes some seeds (like sunflower seeds) in casual Chinese, but mainly refers to tree nuts. 2. How to use it As a noun: 坚果富含营养。 “Nuts are rich in nutrients.” 你喜欢吃什么坚果？ “What kind of nuts do you like to eat?” 这道沙拉里加了坚果。 “This salad has added nuts.” Common phrases: 坚果过敏 (nut allergy) 坚果零食 (nut snack) 各种坚果 (various kinds of nuts) 3. Nuances Collective noun: refers to all kinds of edible nuts. Positive connotation: often linked with health, protein, and “superfood” in modern Chinese. 4. Examples 坚果是健康的零食选择。 “Nuts are a healthy snack choice.” 有些人对坚果过敏，吃了会不舒服。 “Some people are allergic to nuts and feel unwell after eating them.” Summary: Use 坚果 for “nuts” of all kinds in Chinese—food, snacks, or health contexts. It’s the default, everyday word.

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沉 (chén2): Sink; deep; heavy; submerged; profound Key points: * Refers to going down or sinking (e.g., 船沉了 “the boat sank”). * Can describe heaviness or seriousness (e.g., 沉重 “heavy; serious”). * Can mean deep or profound (emotion, thought, etc.). ---- 重 vs. 沉重 — Key Difference 重: The basic word for “heavy.” Neutral, factual, used for physical weight or ordinary seriousness. 这个包很重。 (“This bag is heavy.”) 沉重: Stronger and more vivid. Emphasizes emotional, psychological, or atmosphere-related heaviness—serious, burdensome, or deeply affecting. 心情沉重 (“Heavy-hearted”) 沉重的气氛 (“Serious/heavy atmosphere”) In short: Use 重 for simple weight; use 沉重 to highlight a serious or emotionally “heavy” situation. Wechat examples: * 太沉重了这个话题

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沉 (chén2): Sink; deep; heavy; submerged; profound Key points: * Refers to going down or sinking (e.g., 船沉了 “the boat sank”). * Can describe heaviness or seriousness (e.g., 沉重 “heavy; serious”). * Can mean deep or profound (emotion, thought, etc.). ---- 低沉 (dī chén) — “deep and low” (sound, mood, or atmosphere) 1. Core meaning Describes something that is deep, low, and subdued—commonly used for sounds (like voices), moods, and atmospheres. Carries a sense of heaviness or somberness. 2. How to use it Describing sounds: 他的声音很低沉。 “His voice is deep and low.” 雷声低沉地滚过天空。 “Thunder rolled deeply across the sky.” 低沉的音乐 “Low, deep music.” Describing mood or atmosphere: 气氛变得很低沉。 “The atmosphere became heavy and subdued.” 他最近心情有些低沉。 “His mood has been a bit low lately.” Adverbial use: 低沉地说 “Say (something) in a low/deep voice.” 3. Nuances Sound: Suggests a deep, low pitch—not loud, often soft or rumbling (not high-pitched or bright). Emotion: Implies a downcast, somber, or even depressed feeling or mood. Atmosphere: The whole scene feels subdued, not lively or bright. 4. Common collocations 低沉的嗓音 (deep, low voice) 低沉的音乐 (deep, low music) 低沉的情绪 (low/blue mood) 低沉地说话 (speak in a low voice) 5. Example sentences 他用低沉的声音讲述了过去的故事。 “He told the story of the past in a deep, low voice.” 外面的天气让人心情低沉。 “The weather outside makes people feel down.” 教室里一片低沉，没有人说话。 “The classroom was subdued—no one spoke.” Summary: Use 低沉 to describe low, deep sounds (like voices or music), or to vividly express a somber mood or heavy, subdued atmosphere. It’s stronger than “low” (低) and always carries a sense of heaviness or seriousness.

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挥/揮 (huī): Wave; swing; wield; brandish Key points: * Refers to moving something back and forth with the hand (e.g., 挥手 “wave hand”). * Also means to wield or brandish (e.g., 挥剑 “wield a sword”). * Can be used metaphorically (e.g., 挥洒 “to scatter freely, to express freely”). ---- 发挥 (fā huī) — bring into play; fully use; express; develop 1. Core meaning To bring out or make full use of abilities, potential, skills, functions, or qualities—so that they show their best effect or value. Implies actively utilizing, demonstrating, or developing something to its greatest extent. Often used for people (abilities, talents) or things (roles, effects). 2. How to use it Verb + Object: 发挥 + 能力/作用/水平/优点/潜力发挥作用 (“play a role/have an effect”) 发挥潜力 (“realize potential”) 发挥水平 (“show one’s true ability”) 充分发挥 (“fully bring out”) 发挥得好/不好: 他在考场上发挥得不错。 “He performed well in the exam.” 发挥...的作用: 这项新政策发挥了积极作用。 “The new policy has played a positive role.” 3. Nuances Strongly connected with “making the most of,” “realizing,” or “expressing fully.” Often appears in education, exams, sports, work, and technology. Can mean to elaborate or develop an idea (in writing/speaking contexts). 4. Typical synonyms 充分利用 (make full use of) 表现 (to show/performance, but less about potential) 发扬 (carry forward—often for traditions or spirit) 5. Examples for exams and daily use 不知道能在考场上发挥得怎么样。 “I’m not sure how I’ll perform in the exam.” 我觉得阅读、写作、听力都是正常发挥。 “I feel my reading, writing, and listening all performed as usual.” 这一次的研究太零散，难以发挥重大的作用。 “This research is too scattered to have any significant impact.” 我们努力帮助所有学生充分发挥他们的潜力。 “We try to help all students realize their full potential.” 老师鼓励学生发挥想象力。 “The teacher encourages students to fully use their imagination.” Summary: Use 发挥 to talk about making the most of talents, skills, advantages, or the function of something—especially in exams, work, or whenever you want to express the idea of “bringing out the best” or “realizing full potential.” --- To tell to a pick up artist: 你要在这次约会中好好发挥你的优势！ “You should really bring your strengths into play on this date!” 你在女生和社交方面很有天赋，这次一定要发挥出来！ “You’re really talented with women and social situations—be sure to bring that out this time!” 今晚咱们就靠你发挥了！ “Tonight, we’re counting on you to work your magic!”

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学习中文的视频

Answer 339

学习中文的视频

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大大小小 (dà dà xiǎo xiǎo) — all sizes; all kinds (big and small) 1. Core meaning Refers to things of every size or type, usually a group that includes both large and small, or important and minor. Like saying “all sorts of,” “all kinds of,” or “big and small” in English. 2. How to use it As an attributive (before a noun): 大大小小的问题 “Problems of all sizes / all sorts of problems.” 大大小小的公司 “Companies both big and small.” 大大小小的事情 “All kinds of things / matters big and small.” With a verb: 他们经历了大大小小的困难。 “They went through all sorts of difficulties.” 3. Nuances Implies completeness or variety—not missing any size/type. Often used to describe a range or collection that’s diverse. 4. Examples 这家公司承接大大小小的工程项目。 “This company undertakes engineering projects of all sizes.” 大大小小的节日都被庆祝。 “All kinds of festivals are celebrated.” 家里大大小小的事都要处理。 “All the matters at home, big and small, need to be handled.” Summary: Use 大大小小 to talk about a full range—everything from the big to the small. It’s the common, natural way to say “all sorts of” or “of every size” in Chinese. 大大小小: Covers a range of sizes or scales (from big to small). 各种各样: Covers a range of different types, styles, or forms (regardless of size).

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克 (kè): Overcome; subdue; restrain; gram (unit of weight) Key points: * Means to overcome or subdue difficulties, challenges, or opponents (e.g., 克服 “overcome”). * Also the measure word for grams (e.g., 一克 “one gram”). 服 (fú): Obey; serve; take (medicine); clothes Key points: * Means to obey or submit (e.g., 服从 “obey”). * Can mean to serve (as in service). * Means to take (medicine) (e.g., 服药 “take medicine”). * Can mean clothes or dress (short for 衣服 “clothes”), though this use is less common alone. ----------------- 克服 (kè fú) — to overcome; to conquer 1. Core meaning To successfully deal with and get past difficulties, challenges, obstacles, or weaknesses. Similar to “overcome” or “conquer” in English. 2. How to use it 克服 + noun (problem/difficulty/weakness) 克服困难 - “Overcome difficulties.” 克服恐惧 - “Conquer (your) fear.” 克服坏习惯 - “Get over a bad habit.” 克服语言障碍 - “Overcome language barriers.” Subject + 克服 + Object 她努力克服了自己的害羞。 “She worked hard to overcome her shyness.” 团队一起克服了很多挑战。 “The team overcame many challenges together.” 3. Nuances Focuses on effort, struggle, and success—you face something hard and finally beat it. Can be used for both big (illness, fear) and small (bad habit, shyness) challenges. Always for problems/negatives, not for achieving positive goals (use 完成、实现 for that). 4. Typical collocations 克服障碍 (overcome obstacles) 克服缺点 (overcome shortcomings) 克服压力 (overcome stress) 5. Example sentences 要想成功，必须克服各种困难。 “To succeed, you must overcome all kinds of difficulties.” 他终于克服了对公开演讲的恐惧。 “He finally conquered his fear of public speaking.” 我正在努力克服拖延症。 “I’m working hard to overcome procrastination.” Summary: Use 克服 to talk about facing difficulties or weaknesses and successfully getting past them. It’s the go-to verb for “overcome” or “conquer” in Chinese.

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They are direct antonyms in the context of relationships. 疏远 implies they were very close before when used as a verb, and 亲近 as a verb means they are close. Not that they have become close from distant. ---- 亲 (qīn): Close; intimate; parent; relative; personal Key points: * Refers to close relationships (family, relatives, intimacy). * Used for parents/relatives (e.g., 亲人 “relative”, 父母亲 “parents”). ---- 亲近 (qīn jìn) — “to be close to; to feel intimate with” Core meaning: Emotional closeness, warmth, or intimacy between people, with animals, or with nature. Usage: As a verb: 表示主动靠近或和谐的关系 * 他很亲近爷爷奶奶。 (“He is very close to his grandparents.”) * 我喜欢亲近大自然。 (“I like being close to nature.”) As an adjective: * 亲近的人 (“close person/friend”) Nuance: Describes positive, friendly connections—not physical closeness but relationship closeness. Common collocations: 亲近感 (sense of closeness), 亲近朋友 (close friend), 亲近学生 (teachers close with students) Typical mistakes to avoid: Don’t use for physical nearness—use 靠近. Don’t use for formal or distant relationships. ---- 疏远 (shū yuǎn) — “to become distant; to alienate; to drift apart” Core meaning: Emotional or relational distance—relationships fading, cooling off, or becoming estranged. Usage: As a verb: * 他们因为工作忙而疏远了。 (“They drifted apart because of work.”) * 不要故意疏远朋友。 (“Don’t intentionally alienate friends.”) As an adjective: 疏远的关系 (“distant/estranged relationship”) Nuance: Describes a loss of closeness or intimacy, sometimes naturally, sometimes deliberately. Common collocations: 疏远感 (feeling of distance), 疏远朋友 (drift apart from a friend), 关系疏远 (relationship becomes distant) Typical mistakes to avoid: Don’t use for mere physical separation—again, use 分开 or 离开. Not for minor misunderstandings—疏远 means the bond is seriously weakened. How to remember and use with precision 亲近 = build, enjoy, or have a close, warm relationship 疏远 = grow apart, lose closeness, or become emotionally distant Example for contrast: 小时候他们很亲近，后来因为意见不同慢慢疏远了。 “They were close as children, but later drifted apart because of disagreements.” Summary: Use 亲近 for describing emotional closeness or warmth; Use 疏远 for describing growing emotional distance or coldness.

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用费 (用費, yòng fèi) — usage fee; service charge; user fee 1. Core meaning The cost or fee charged for using a service, facility, equipment, or resource. Literally: “fee for use.” 2. How to use it As a noun: 网络用费 “Internet usage fee.” 电话用费 “Telephone usage fee.” 水电用费 “Utility (water and electricity) usage charges.” 停车用费 “Parking fee.” Typical structure: [Service/resource] + 用费 3. Nuances Used in formal documents, bills, contracts, or public notices. More specific than 费用 (general “fee”); 用费 is always tied to actual usage. 4. Example sentences 请按时缴纳宿舍用费。 “Please pay your dormitory usage fee on time.” 医院的设备用费由患者自理。 “The equipment usage fees at the hospital are paid by the patient.” 用费按小时计算。 “The usage fee is charged by the hour.” Summary: Use 用费 for any fee you pay because you used a service, facility, or resource—like utilities, network, equipment, or parking. It’s the standard word for “usage fee” in Chinese, especially in official or billing contexts.

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Opposite of rich 这个人很富有

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委 (wěi): Entrust; assign; committee; bend; indirect Key points: * Commonly means to entrust or assign responsibility (e.g., 委托 “to entrust”, 委任 “to appoint”). * Refers to committees or commissions (e.g., 委员会 “committee”). Can mean to bend or be indirect/roundabout (less common). 婉 (wǎn): Gentle; tactful; graceful; mild; indirect Key points: * Describes gentle, tactful, or graceful behavior or speech. * Often used to describe polite, mild, or non-blunt expressions (e.g., 婉转 “tactful, indirect”, 婉拒 “decline politely”). ---- 委婉 (wěi wǎn) — tactful; indirect; euphemistic To express something in a gentle, roundabout, or polite way instead of being blunt or direct. Used to avoid hurting feelings, causing embarrassment, or creating conflict. 2. How to use it As an adjective: 她说话很委婉。 “She speaks very tactfully.” 他委婉地拒绝了我的邀请。 “He politely/indirectly turned down my invitation.” 请用委婉的方式表达你的意见。 “Please express your opinion in a tactful way.” Adverb form: 委婉地 (in a tactful way) 他委婉地提出了批评。 “He made his criticism in an indirect/polite way.” 3. Nuances Positive tone: Suggests social skill, politeness, and consideration. Context: Commonly used in formal, professional, or delicate personal situations (giving bad news, criticism, refusals, etc.). The opposite of 直接 (direct, blunt). 4. Typical phrases 委婉的表达 (tactful expression) 委婉的拒绝 (polite refusal) 委婉地劝说 (gentle persuasion) 5. Example sentences 面试时，最好用委婉的方式说出对前公司的看法。 “During interviews, it’s best to express opinions about your previous company in a tactful way.” 她委婉地告诉我，她不喜欢那个建议。 “She gently told me she didn’t like that suggestion.” Summary: Use 委婉 when you want to describe or do something in a tactful, gentle, or indirect way—especially to be polite, avoid offending, or handle sensitive topics. It’s the go-to word for “euphemistic” or “tactful” in Chinese. --- 我们可以委婉的说：这个人的经济条件很差不需要那么委婉你说的挺委婉的

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心机 (xīnjī): "Calculating/scheming" – Clever but often with hidden tactics or manipulative intent. Usually negative, but can be neutral (strategic) in rare contexts. 1. General Use of 心机 Negative (most common): Sly, manipulative behavior. 她很有心机，利用别人达到目的。"She’s very scheming—uses people to get her way." Neutral (context-dependent): Tactical thinking (e.g., business, negotiation). * 他的成功靠的是心机，不是运气。"His success comes from strategy, not luck." Key Grammar: * 耍心机 (shuǎ xīnjī) = "play tricks" (always negative). * 心机重 (xīnjī zhòng) = "extremely calculating" (stronger negative). * 没有心机 (méiyǒu xīnjī) = "innocent/naïve." 2. 很有心机 (hěn yǒu xīnjī) – "Very Scheming" Negative: Secretive, manipulative, self-serving. Example: 他很有心机，说话从不说真话。 "He’s very calculating—never speaks honestly." Neutral (rare): Praises strategic intelligence (e.g., in business). Example: 她很有心机，谈判总能赢。 "She’s very sharp—always wins negotiations." English Equivalents: Negative: "Sly," "manipulative," "plays mind games." Neutral: "Tactical," "strategic thinker." Caution: Mostly critical—use carefully unless context clearly praises cleverness. Contrast with: 聪明 (cōngming) = "smart" (positive). 狡猾 (jiǎohuá) = "cunning" (always negative).

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顾及 (gùjí) means to take into account, to consider, or to give attention to something or someone when making decisions or taking actions. It implies being mindful of various factors, often balancing multiple concerns. 2. Key Nuances Consideration of multiple aspects – It often involves thinking about different factors or people’s feelings. Balancing priorities – Suggests that one is trying to accommodate different needs or limitations. Sometimes implies difficulty – Can imply that something is hard to fully consider due to constraints. 3. Common Structures 顾及 + Noun (考虑的因素) 他做事总是顾及别人的感受。(He always takes into account others' feelings when doing things.) 难以/无法 + 顾及 (Hard/Unable to consider) 工作太忙，他无法顾及家庭。(He’s too busy with work and can’t attend to his family.) 顾及到 + (Specific Aspect) 设计产品时要顾及到用户的需求。(When designing a product, you must consider the users' needs.) 4. Synonyms & Differences 考虑 (kǎolǜ) – "Consider" (general, neutral). 照顾 (zhàogù) – "Take care of" (more active help). 顾及 emphasizes balancing or being mindful of something that might otherwise be overlooked. 5. Example Sentences for Clarity 他太自私，从不顾及别人的意见。 (He’s too selfish and never considers others’ opinions.) 时间有限，我们只能顾及最重要的任务。 (With limited time, we can only focus on the most important tasks.) 她既要工作又要顾及孩子，非常辛苦。 (She has to work while also taking care of her children, which is very tough.) 6. Common Mistakes to Avoid Don’t use for simple "thinking" – Use 考虑 instead. Don’t use for physical care – Use 照顾 for taking care of someone physically. 7. When to Use "顾及" Use it when: ✅ You want to say someone is mindful of multiple things. ✅ There’s a struggle to balance different concerns. ✅ Something is being overlooked if not considered.

Answer 348

嘴硬 (zuǐ3 yìng4) literally means "hard mouth" and figuratively refers to someone who stubbornly refuses to admit they’re wrong, even when faced with clear evidence. It implies: Defiant denial (despite being incorrect). Stubborn pride (unwillingness to back down). Verbally insistent (arguing even when losing). 2. Key Nuances Negative connotation – Criticizes someone for being unreasonable. Often used in arguments – When someone won’t concede. Not physical toughness – Purely about verbal stubbornness. 3. Common Structures Subject + 嘴硬他错了还嘴硬。 (He’s wrong but still won’t admit it.) 别 + 嘴硬 (Don’t stubbornly deny) 事实在这儿，别嘴硬了！ (The facts are here, stop being stubborn!) 再 + 嘴硬 (Persisting in denial) 证据都有了，你还再嘴硬？ (There’s proof, and you’re still refusing to admit it?) 4. Synonyms & Differences 固执 (gùzhí) – "Stubborn" (general trait, not just verbal). 不服 (bùfú) – "Refuse to accept" (could be action/attitude). 嘴硬 specifically focuses on verbal defiance. 5. Example Sentences 他明明输了，却嘴硬不承认。 (He clearly lost but stubbornly denies it.) 你别嘴硬了，大家都知道真相。 (Stop being so stubborn—everyone knows the truth.) 她嘴硬说没哭，可眼睛都红了。 (She insisted she didn’t cry, but her eyes were red.) 6. When to Use ✅ Someone refuses to admit fault in an argument. ✅ Mocking playful stubbornness (e.g., friends joking). ❌ Not for physical toughness (use 强硬 instead). Copy this into your notes for easy reference! 📝 Bonus: Cultural Insight Often used in parental scolding ("你这孩子就是嘴硬！"). Lighthearted use among friends ("你嘴硬吧，反正我赢了！"). Implies the person knows they’re wrong but won’t yield. Need a shorter version? Here’s a mini-summary: 嘴硬 = stubborn in speech (denying/arguing despite being wrong). Used in conflicts or teasing. Negative but sometimes playful.

Answer 349

xiang4 ji1 - camera

Answer 350

原则 (yuánzé) refers to a fundamental rule, principle, or standard that guides behavior or decision-making. It emphasizes: Non-negotiability (a firm baseline) Consistency (applied systematically) Rational basis (not based on temporary emotions) 2. Key Nuances Fundamental & Long-term: Unlike temporary rules, principles are enduring. Ethical/Moral Weight: Often tied to personal or organizational values. Formal Tone: Used in serious contexts (politics, business, ethics). 3. Common Structures 原则 + Verb (Principle + Action) 我们坚持原则。 (We uphold our principles.) 不能违背原则。 (Cannot violate principles.) Adjective + 原则基本原则 (basic principle) 重要原则 (important principle) 有/没有 + 原则他这个人很有原则。 (He is very principled.) means someone consistently follows strong moral/ethical standards, doesn't compromise core values, and acts with integrity, though sometimes rigidly. Generally admirable in Chinese culture 这样做没有原则。 (This lacks principle.) 4. Synonyms & Differences Word Meaning Example 原则 Fundamental, ethical standard "诚信是做人原则" (Honesty is a life principle.) 规则 (guīzé) Specific, enforceable rules "遵守学校规则" (Follow school rules.) 道理 (dàoli) General logic/reasoning "你讲得很有道理" (Your argument makes sense.) 5. Example Sentences 商业中，诚信是核心原则。 (In business, integrity is a core principle.) 他做事很有原则，从不妥协。 (He is very principled and never compromises.) 这是原则问题，不能退让。 (This is a matter of principle; we cannot yield.) 6. When to Use ✅ Serious contexts: Ethics, policies, organizational values. ✅ Personal integrity: Describing someone’s moral stance. ❌ Temporary rules: Use 规则 for specific, situational guidelines. 7. Mistakes to Avoid Don’t confuse with 规则 (rules): 原则 is broader and value-based. Don’t use for habits: "早起是我的习惯" (Waking early is my habit), not 原则. Bonus: Advanced Usage 弹性原则 (tánxìng yuánzé): Flexible principle ("原则上不允许，但可特批" – "Not allowed in principle, but exceptions exist.") 原则性让步 (yuánzé xìng ràngbù): A principled compromise. Copy-Paste Notes Version 📝 原则 (yuánzé) = Fundamental principle Key Traits: Non-negotiable, consistent, value-driven. Usage: Serious contexts (ethics, policies, personal integrity). Fixed Phrases: 坚持/违背原则 (uphold/violate principles) 有原则的人 (principled person) Avoid: Confusing with 规则 (rules) or 习惯 (habits). Let me know if you'd like adjustments!

Answer 351

让步 (ràngbù) vs. "Make Concessions/Give In" 1. Core Difference in Meaning 让步: Implies voluntary compromise for harmony or mutual benefit. Often culturally valued (e.g., 互相让步, "mutual compromise"). Used in both major negotiations and daily life (e.g., parenting, arguments). "Make Concessions": Typically formal (diplomacy, business contracts). Neutral/negative: May imply reluctant yielding under pressure. "Give In": Stronger sense of surrender/defeat (often emotional). Rarely used for constructive compromise. 2. Nuances in Usage Scope: 让步 is broader: From parenting ("对孩子让步") to diplomacy. "Concessions" is narrower (usually formal negotiations). Agency: 让步 suggests active choice to resolve conflict. "Give in" implies passive acceptance (e.g., exhaustion, coercion). Cultural Weight: In Chinese, 让步 can be praiseworthy (维护关系, "maintaining relationships"). In English, "concessions" often signals loss of advantage. 3. Example Comparisons 让步 (Positive/Neutral): 她为了和解主动让步。 (She proactively compromised to reconcile.) "Make Concessions" (Neutral/Negative): "The company made concessions to avoid a strike." "Give In" (Negative): "He gave in to their demands after weeks of pressure." 4. When to Choose Which Use 让步 for: ✅ Voluntary compromises (especially in personal relationships). ✅ Culturally valued yielding (e.g., 各让一步, "meeting halfway"). Use "make concessions/give in" for: ✅ Formal or adversarial contexts (treaties, debates). ✅ Emphasizing surrender rather than mutual benefit. Key Takeaway: 让步 is active, flexible, and harmony-driven; "concessions/give in" are more passive, formal, or defeat-oriented.

Answer 352

(chǎnghé) - Occasions/setting seem quite a good word for it Think of it as a "social container" — not just a physical place, but a context with unwritten rules about how to behave, speak, or dress. Key Insights: It’s More Than Just a Location While it can include a physical venue, 场合 primarily emphasizes the social expectations tied to that place/time. Example: 婚礼场合 (wedding setting) → Not just the church/ballroom, but the expectation to dress formally, congratulate the couple, and avoid inappropriate jokes. How It Differs from "Occasion" "Occasion" focuses on the event itself (e.g., "Her birthday was a happy occasion"). 场合 focuses on how people should act during that event. Example: "This is a formal occasion." (Just stating the event type.) "这是正式场合，别穿牛仔裤。" ("This is a formal setting—don’t wear jeans." → Highlights norms.) How It Differs from "Situation" "Situation" is neutral (e.g., "The situation is chaotic"). 场合 implies shared social awareness. Example: "In this situation, we need to leave." (Emergency, no social rules.) "这种场合要保持安静。" ("In this setting [e.g., funeral], stay quiet." → Social rule.) Can 场合 Mean "Location" or "Venue"? Yes, but with a cultural twist: If you say: "这个场合很大" ("This setting is spacious"), Chinese listeners will assume you’re also referring to the social atmosphere. Pure "location" words like 地点 (dìdiǎn) or 场地 (chǎngdì) focus only on physical space. Example Comparison: 地点: "The wedding location is a beach." (Just the place.) 场合: "The wedding 场合 requires elegant behavior." (Place + social rules.) Enlightening Examples Workplace 场合: "办公室场合不适合大声说笑。" ("The office setting isn’t for loud laughter." → Social norm.) Cultural 场合: "在传统茶道场合，动作要轻缓。" ("In a traditional tea ceremony setting, move gently." → Ritual expectations.) Misuse Alert: × "这个场合的地址在哪？" (Too physical—use 地点.) ✓ "这个场合该送什么礼物？" ("What gift is appropriate for this setting?" → Perfect!) Why This Matters Chinese culture highly values reading the room (识相 shíxiàng). 场合 teaches you to: Sense invisible boundaries (e.g., when to joke vs. stay solemn). Avoid being "那个不懂场合的人" ("the one who doesn’t understand settings"). Pro Tip: When in doubt, observe how others act—that’s the 场合 speaking! TL;DR: 场合 = Social rules + physical place (but rules come first). Not pure "location" → Use 地点/场地 if only space matters. Not "situation" → Use 情况 for neutral circumstances. ---- 我只有在特别场合才会抽烟 - I smoke only on special occasions. 他平时不抽烟，只在特殊场合偶尔抽一支 - He doesn’t smoke normally—only has a cigarette on special occasions.

Answer 353

无可奈何 (wúkě nàihé) = "helpless/have no choice but to accept" Expresses forced acceptance of a situation you cannot change. Stronger than "no choice" — implies frustration, resignation, or powerlessness. 2. Key Nuances Involuntary: The outcome is unavoidable (not by preference). Emotional Weight: Often carries regret, irritation, or sadness. Formality: Used in both spoken and written Chinese. 3. Common Structures Subject + 无可奈何 + Verb 他无可奈何地接受了结果。 (He helplessly accepted the outcome.) 无可奈何 + 地 + Action 她无可奈何地笑了笑。 (She smiled helplessly.) 感到/觉得 + 无可奈何面对这种情况，我感到无可奈何。 (Facing this situation, I feel helpless.) You can also say: ✅ Serious/No-win situations: 他屡次犯错，我无可奈何了。 (He keeps making mistakes—I’m at my limit.) ✅ Resigned acceptance: 事情已经这样，我无可奈何了。 (Things are beyond repair—I can’t do anything anymore.)

Answer 354

尺度 (chǐdù) literally means "measurement scale" but is used metaphorically to express: Standards or boundaries (moral, social, or professional) Appropriate limits of behavior, speech, or judgment Flexibility range in rules or tolerance 2. Key Nuances Quantitative: Used for measurable standards (e.g., engineering) Qualitative: Refers to intangible limits (e.g., humor appropriateness) Context-sensitive: Meaning shifts based on domain (art vs. law vs. social norms) 3. Common Usage Patterns Structure Example Translation 掌握/把握 + 尺度要善于把握幽默的尺度 Master the appropriateness of humor 尺度 + 大/小这个政策的尺度很大 This policy has wide flexibility 超出/失去 + 尺度你的玩笑失去尺度了 Your joke crossed the line 4. Domain-Specific Meanings A. Physical Measurement 测量尺度 (measuring scale) 比例尺度 (ratio scale) B. Social Conduct 行为尺度 (behavioral boundaries) 道德尺度 (moral standards) C. Creative Fields 艺术尺度 (artistic latitude) 创作尺度 (creative boundaries) 5. Example Sentences 工程设计必须严格遵守安全尺度。 (Engineering design must strictly adhere to safety standards.) 作为主持人，要把握好玩笑的尺度。 (As a host, you need to gauge the appropriateness of jokes.) 这部电影在某些国家被认为尺度太大。 (This movie is considered too permissive in some countries.) 6. Common Mistakes to Avoid ✗ Confusing with 标准 (more rigid standards) ✗ Using for simple measurements (use 尺寸 instead) ✗ Applying to personal preferences (use 限度 instead) 7. Advanced Usage Notes Cultural Aspect: Chinese culture highly values "knowing the 尺度" in social interactions Professional Contexts: Often appears in legal, engineering, and media discussions Nuanced Difference from 分寸: 尺度 is about external standards, while 分寸 is about personal judgment

Answer 355

跟不上 (gēn bu shàng) — can’t keep up with; fall behind 1. Meaning Unable to match the speed, rhythm, progress, or trend of someone or something. Works for both physical pace and figurative pace (learning, technology, fashion). 2. Structure Pattern: Subject + 跟不上 + Target 我跟不上他 - I can’t keep up with him. 听课太快，我跟不上。 “The lecture is too fast; I can’t keep up. 3. Typical targets * 速度 (speed) * 节奏 (rhythm) * 进度 (schedule) * 潮流 (trend) * 时代 (the times) 4. Positive form * 跟得上 — able to keep up * 我还能跟得上节奏。 “I can still keep up with the rhythm.” 5. Nuances Implies falling behind or needing extra effort. Often used to express concern, apology, or self-evaluation. 6. Extra examples - 他走得太快，我真的跟不上He walks so fast—I really can’t keep up. - 技术变化太快，公司跟不上时代 Technology changes so fast that the company can’t keep up with the times. - 如果不多练习，你考试的节奏会跟不上 If you don’t practice more, you’ll fall behind the exam pace.

Answer 356

索 (suǒ): Search; demand; seek; cable/rope; thread-like Key points: * Seek / search / look for - e.g. 搜索 (sōu suǒ – to search) * Demand / ask for - e.g. 索赔 (suǒ péi – claim compensation) * Long, thin, cord-like thing e.g. 光纤光缆中的光纤索 (optical-fiber cable) Occasionally used in literary style for “isolated / lonely” (e.g. 索居). =============== 检索 means querying a database, document collection, or online system to locate specific information. It’s the precise, technical word for “information retrieval,” more formal than 日常 “搜索.” 2. How it behaves in a sentence Verb + object * 检索文献 “search academic papers” * 检索数据 “retrieve data” 对 / 在 + source + 进行检索 (formal) * 在专利库中进行检索 “run a search in the patent database” Noun phrase * 文献检索 “literature retrieval” * 数据库检索 “database search” 3. Nuances and contrasts Formal / technical tone – used in academia, libraries, IT, legal research. Emphasises systematic querying with keywords, filters, or commands. Everyday “web searching” can say 搜索；professional “database retrieval” prefers 检索. 4. Examples 请用关键词在 CNKI 检索相关论文。 “Please use keywords to search CNKI for related papers.” 这个系统支持模糊检索和精准检索。 “The system supports fuzzy and exact searches.” 通过文献检索，我们找到了最新的研究成果。 “By running a literature search, we located the latest findings.” 5. Quick takeaway Use 检索 when you talk about structured, professional, or database-based searches—library catalogs, legal records, scientific papers, big datasets. For informal web or map searches, 搜索 is more common.

Answer 357

ju4 xie4 zuo4 Cancer constellation zuo4, enrecordat del tono y del caracter

Answer 358

释 (shì)： Explain; interpret; release; free; Buddhist (abbrev. for 释迦) Key points * Explain / interpret - 解释 (jiě shì) – to explain, clarify - 注释 (zhù shì) – annotation, commentary * Release / set free - 释放 (shì fàng) – to release, liberate Buddhism-related abbreviation - 释教 – Buddhism (short for 佛教释迦) - 释迦 (Shìjiā) – Shakyamuni (the Buddha) ---- 释放 (shì fàng) — “to release; to let out; to set free” 1. Core idea Move something from a contained state to a free state. Can be physical (gas, energy), emotional (stress, feelings), legal (person), or abstract (resources, potential). 2. Common patterns and examples 释放 + 物质 / 能量 / 气体 — release or emit something tangible 火山爆发时释放大量热能。 “A volcano eruption releases a large amount of heat energy.” 这化学反应会释放氧气。 “This chemical reaction releases oxygen.” 释放 + 情绪 / 压力 / 怒火 — let out emotions or stress 跑步能帮助我释放压力。 “Running helps me release stress.” 他需要一个安全的方式来释放怒火。 “He needs a safe way to release his anger.” 释放 + 潜力 / 动力 / 信号 — unlock or bring out abstract power 新政策有望释放市场潜力。 “The new policy is expected to unlock market potential.” 这次发布会释放了积极信号。 “The press conference sent out a positive signal.” 把 + 人 / 动物 + 释放 — set someone or something free 法院决定把嫌疑人释放。 “The court decided to release the suspect.” 他们把受伤的鸟释放回大自然。 “They released the injured bird back into nature.” (资源) 被释放 — passive form for resources 内存被及时释放，系统运行更顺畅。 “Memory was released in time, and the system runs more smoothly.” 3. Nuances to remember Positive or neutral tone when referring to potential, emotions, resources. Can be formal in legal or scientific contexts: “警方释放了声明” (“Police released a statement”). Opposite verbs: 压抑 (suppress), 限制 (restrict), 囚禁 (confine). 4. Quick checklist Talking about emitting something (gas, light, signal)? → 用“释放”. Talking about letting someone go free? → 用“释放”. Talking about letting out feelings or potential? → 还是“释放”. Pair directly with the noun you’re freeing or let out. Using these structures will keep your Chinese precise and natural whenever you want to say “release” in its many senses.

Answer 359

场景 (場景, chǎngjǐng) — scene; scenario; setting 1. Core idea A specific situation or setting where events happen. (So --> 场景 = visualisable setting. And not exactly the same as situation = abstract set of conditions) Used in films, plays, software design, product usage, daily life, etc. 2. How to use it 描写场景 — “describe the scene.” 电影的开场场景非常震撼。 “The opening scene of the movie is stunning.” 使用场景 — “use-case / usage scenario.” 这个APP有多种使用场景，例如订票、订酒店。 “This app has many use cases, e.g., booking tickets and hotels.” 生活场景 — “real-life scenario.” 我们在真实的生活场景中测试产品。 “We test the product in real-life settings.” It behaves like a regular noun; put adjectives before it or connect with 的. 3. Typical contexts Creative works: film / drama scene. Tech & business: user scenario, case study. Everyday speech: any concrete situation you want to highlight. 4. Differences from 背景 and 风景背景 (bèijǐng) – background Refers to underlying conditions or the backdrop (political, historical, personal). Not the immediate scene but what lies behind it. 例: 调查事件的社会背景 (“the social background of the incident”). 风景 (風景, fēngjǐng) – landscape / scenery Natural or visual scenery, especially outdoors. Focuses on what you see, often beautiful nature. 例: 这里的山水风景很迷人 (“The mountain-and-water scenery here is charming”). 场景 sits between the two: it is the concrete setting where action occurs—neither broad background nor purely visual nature view. 5. Quick summary for precise use Say 场景 when you mean “this particular situation/setting” (movie scene, user scenario, testing setting). Use 背景 for underlying context or backdrop. Use 风景 for natural scenery or views.

Answer 360

顧 gù - combines the idea of “turning one’s attention toward something,” whether that is looking back, caring for, weighing a factor, or, in extended usage, a customer who receives attention. ---------------------- 回顾 (回顧 huí gù) — to look back; to review; retrospective 1 · Core meaning To look back at past events and review or summarize them. Similar to English “review,” “retrospect,” or “look back.” 2 · How to use it Verb + object 回顾 + 过去／历史／一年的工作回顾过去，我们学到了很多。 “Looking back at the past, we’ve learned a lot.” 回顾 + 某件事他回顾了项目的整个过程。 “He reviewed the entire project process.” Formal phrase 回顾与展望 “Review and outlook” — common in reports or speeches. 本报告对2024年进行了回顾与2025年的展望。 “This report reviews 2024 and looks ahead to 2025.” No extra verb needed Use 回顾 directly; don’t add 做回顾 or 进行回顾 unless very formal. 3 · Nuances Formal tone: Common in presentations, annual reports, academic writing. Time frame: Often used with words like 过去 (the past), 历史 (history), 整年 (whole year). Emphasizes summarizing lessons, achievements, or mistakes. 4 · Typical collocations 回顾历史 (review history) 年度回顾 (year-end review) 回顾过去，展望未来 (look back to the past, look forward to the future) 会议回顾 (meeting recap) 5 · Quick examples 在年终会上，经理回顾了团队的成绩。 “At the year-end meeting, the manager reviewed the team’s achievements.” 这本书回顾了近代中国的重大事件。 “This book looks back at major events in modern China.” 回顾过去的错误，可以帮助我们避免重复。 “Reviewing past mistakes can help us avoid repeating them.” Summary Use 回顾 when you want to “look back” or “review” past events in a structured or formal way. It fits annual reports, historical summaries, project retrospectives, and any context where you analyze what has already happened to draw conclusions for the future.

Answer 361

当年 (dāng nián) — “that year; back then” 1 · Core meaning In everyday speech, 当年 points back to a specific past year or period already known from context: “in those days,” “back then,” “in that year.” In formal accounting/legal language, 当年 can also mean “the current year,” but daily conversation nearly always uses the first sense. 2 · How to place it in a sentence 当年 + 故事/经历当年我们刚毕业，什么都不懂。 “Back then, we had just graduated and knew nothing.” Subject + 当年 + Verb / Situation 他当年才十八岁。 “He was only eighteen that year.” 当年的 + noun 当年的照片还在吗？ “Do you still have the photos from that year?” Tip: 当年 usually stands near the beginning of the clause to anchor the time frame. 3 · Nuances Nostalgic or contrastive tone: Often used to compare past and present. 当年我也跑得这么快，现在不行了。 “I could run this fast back then; not anymore.” Clear reference required: The listener must know which year/period you mean (through context or earlier mention). 4 · Common pitfalls Do not use 当年 for “this year” in normal conversation; say 今年. For a vague “at that time,” you may prefer 当时 when the exact year is unclear. 我当时不知道 = “I didn’t know at that time.” 5 · Quick examples 当年公司只有五个人，现在有五百人。 “Back then the company had only five people; now it has five hundred.” 当年高考我失利，但后来努力弥补。 “I did poorly in the college-entrance exam that year, but later made up for it.” 他还保留着当年写的日记。 “He still keeps the diary he wrote that year.” Summary Use 当年 to evoke a specific, identifiable past year or era—often with a hint of nostalgia or contrast. Place it early in the sentence, make sure listeners know which “year” you refer to, and remember that in everyday talk 当年 always points to the past, never the current year.

Answer 362

受众 (shòuzhòng) — understanding and using it accurately Core meaning 受众 = “audience” in the marketing / media sense: the group that receives, reads, watches, or uses a piece of content, product, or campaign. 1. Part of speech Noun only. It names people, not a single person. For a single user, say 用户. 2. Common collocations 目标受众 target audience 核心受众 core audience 受众定位 audience positioning 受众分析 audience analysis 扩大受众 broaden the audience 3. Grammar patterns A 是 / 不是 B 的 (目标)受众这不是我们的目标受众。 “This is not our target audience.” 针对 / 面向 + 受众这款应用主要针对年轻受众。 “This app is mainly aimed at a young audience.” 吸引 / 覆盖 + 受众新设计能吸引更广的受众。 “The new design can attract a wider audience.” 4. Nuances 受众 is neutral and professional; it applies to marketing, product, media, user-research. For specific mediums you can still use 听众 (listeners), 观众 (viewers), but 受众 covers all formats. Compared with 用户 (“users”), 受众 stresses who receives a message, not necessarily who actively uses a product. 5. Illustrative sentences 我们必须先搞清楚受众是谁，然后再做内容。 “We must first figure out who the audience is and then create content.” 这篇文章的受众很专业，所以术语较多。 “The article’s audience is highly specialised, so it contains many technical terms.” 如果广告给错了受众，投入就白费了。 “If the ad reaches the wrong audience, the spend is wasted.” 扩大受众范围需要多语种支持。 “To broaden the audience, we need multi-language support.” Take-away Use 受众 whenever you talk about the group a message, product, or campaign is aimed at or reaches. Combine it with 目标、核心、分析、定位 to specify “who,” and with verbs like 针对、吸引、覆盖 to describe actions toward that audience.

Answer 363

将近 (jiāng jìn) — “almost; nearly; close to” Core idea：将近 means “approaching but not yet reaching” a number or measurable point. Think “just under,” “close to,” or “nearly.” 1 · Where it goes in a sentence Place 将近 + number / quantity / time point: 将近 100 人 “nearly 100 people” 将近三年 “almost three years” 将近中午 “close to noon” It must be followed by something measurable; you can’t say 将近人 or 将近事情. 2 · Typical uses Numbers of people or things: 将近一千名观众 (nearly 1,000 spectators) Time spans: 将近十年 (almost ten years) Clock time or dates: 将近下午三点 (close to 3 p.m.) 3 · Nuance and register Slightly formal / written; more precise than casual 快 (kuài, “almost”). Indicates “not quite there yet,” often within a few percent or a short distance/time. 4 · Example sentences 这家公司已运营将近二十年。 “This company has been operating for nearly twenty years.” 会议开始时来了将近五十位代表。 “Close to fifty delegates showed up when the meeting started.” 我等了将近一个小时车才来。 “I waited almost an hour before the bus came.” 现在将近年底，市场活动越来越多。 “It’s almost the end of the year now; marketing events are increasing.” Quick checklist Put 将近 directly before the quantity or time. Use it for “just under” or “almost” in a slightly formal tone. Don’t attach it to non-measurable nouns without a number. Master this and you can express “nearly” with precision in Chinese.

Answer 364

似 has two readings and one core idea—“appearance of similarity.” 1. sì (the everyday reading) Meaning: to look like, to seem, to resemble. Where you’ll see it: 相似 “be alike,” 类似 “similar,” 似乎 “it seems,” plain stand-alone use in sentences. Examples: * 他长得很似爸爸 - He looks a lot like his dad. * 天空似乎要下雨 - It seems the sky is about to rain. ------- 类似 (lèi sì) — “similar to; of the same kind” Core idea Points out that two or more things are similar in nature, type, or pattern. Closer to English “similar to,” “akin to,” or “of a similar kind.” 1 · Basic structure A 与 / 和 / 跟 B 类似这两种方法类似。 “These two methods are similar.” A 类似于 B 他的情况类似于去年发生的事故。 “His situation is similar to the accident that happened last year.” You can also say 与之类似 (“similar to that”). 2 · Typical contexts Concepts or situations: 两家公司面对的挑战非常类似。 Functions or patterns: 这款应用的界面设计与 Instagram 类似。 Statistics or data: 调查结果与上次调查类似。 3 · 类似 vs. 像类似 = emphasizes type/category resemblance; often used in formal or written language. 偏理性，比“像”更抽象，常用于概念、现象、模式。像 (xiàng) = everyday “look like / be like,” focusing on appearance or obvious likeness, often visual or concrete. 这朵云像一只羊。 If you can say “similar (in terms of nature/logic),” choose 类似. If you mean “looks like / acts like,” 像 is fine and more casual. 4 · Example sentences 这种病毒的传播方式与流感类似。 “The transmission method of this virus is similar to influenza.” 他提出的问题与我们昨天讨论的类似。 “The question he raised is similar to what we discussed yesterday.” 这里的气候跟我家乡的很像。 “The climate here is very much like my hometown’s.” (appearance/feel → 像) Practical tips Use 类似 when comparing concepts, mechanisms, statistics, or formal situations. Use 像 for looks, sounds, feels like, or casual everyday comparisons. After 类似, structure with 于 / 和 / 跟 / 与 plus the thing you compare to. Master this distinction and you’ll sound precise—using 类似 for analytical similarity and 像 for everyday “looks like.”

Answer 365

调整 (tiáo zhěng) — “adjust; adjustment” Core meaning To change something slightly so it fits better, works better, or matches new conditions. It can be both a verb (“to adjust”) and a noun (“an adjustment”). 1 · Using 调整 as a verb Pattern: 调整 + object 调整计划 “adjust the plan” 调整价格 “adjust the price” 调整心态 “adjust one’s mindset” Example sentences 我们需要调整项目时间表。 “We need to adjust the project timetable.” 天气太热，他把空调温度调整到22度。 “It’s hot; he adjusted the AC to 22 °C.” 面对变化，先调整自己的心态。 “When facing change, first adjust your mindset.” 2 · Using 调整 as a noun Pattern: 进行 / 做 / 需要 + 调整本周价格没有大调整。 “There was no major price adjustment this week.” 方案经过多次调整才定稿。 “The proposal was finalized only after many adjustments.” 3 · Nuances Scope: Small or moderate changes, not a complete overhaul. Formality: Neutral; common in business, tech, daily life. Works for physical settings (volume, temperature) and abstract things (strategy, emotions). 4 · Typical collocations 调整结构 “adjust the structure” 调整策略 “fine-tune the strategy” 调整作息 “adjust one’s daily schedule” 调整布局 “adjust the layout” Summary Use 调整 when you want to talk about making a tweak or series of tweaks so that something (a plan, price, mood, schedule, device setting) functions or feels better. It is your go-to word for “adjust” or “adjustment” in Chinese—flexible, precise, and widely applicable.

Answer 366

付 (fù) Core meaning: to hand over something from yourself to another person. Everyday sense: “pay” money. * 付钱／付款 – pay money * 在线支付，请先付款 – Pay online first, please. Broader sense: deliver, remit, give, assign. * 把资料付给他 – hand the documents to him * 将稿件付印 – send the manuscript to press ------------------- 面对 (miàn duì) — 对付 (duì fu) — 应付 (yìng fu) Three verbs that all translate loosely as “deal with,” but with different attitudes and depths of action. 1. 面对 Literal: “face” Sense: Acknowledge the situation honestly and look at it head-on. Attitude: Neutral or positive; courage or readiness to engage. Examples: 面对困难，他没有退缩。 “Facing difficulties, he didn’t back down.” 我们要勇敢面对现实。 “We must bravely face reality.” 2. 对付 Literal: “deal with / tackle” Sense: Take active measures to get something under control, often when it’s troublesome or hostile. Attitude: Slightly combative or problem-solving; implies effort to subdue or handle. Examples: 这台旧机器经常出毛病，很难对付。 “This old machine breaks down a lot—it’s hard to deal with.” 警察迅速对付了骚乱。 “The police quickly took care of the disturbance.” 3. 应付 Literal: “cope with / get by” Sense: Handle something just enough to get it off your back—often superficial or perfunctory. Attitude: Minimal, sometimes careless; do the bare minimum. Examples: 他只是应付考试，没真正理解内容。 “He just crammed to get through the exam; he didn’t really understand the material.” 工作太多，她只能先应付一下客户的抱怨。 “With so much work, she could only placate the customer complaints for now.” Quick contrast 面对 = look straight at the issue; recognize it fully. 对付 = take action to control or neutralize the problem. 应付 = handle superficially, just enough to get by (often with the hint of cutting corners). Use these three according to the depth and attitude you want to convey when “dealing with” something in Chinese. ---- 中国人都是应付考试的英语

Answer 367

面熟 (miàn shú) — “looks familiar” Core meaning When you say someone 面熟, you mean “I’ve seen that face before” but can’t quite place the person. It literally combines 面 (face) + 熟 (familiar). 1 · Basic patterns Subject + 很/有点 + 面熟这位同学看着很面熟。 “This student looks very familiar.” 我觉得 + 对方 + 面熟我觉得他有点儿面熟，可想不起名字。 “He looks a bit familiar to me, but I can’t recall his name.” (对) + 人 + 面熟她对我面熟，可我俩从没正式说过话。 “She seems familiar to me, though we’ve never actually spoken.” Note: 面熟 is usually followed by an explanation of not remembering where you met, or the question 你是谁？ 2 · Nuances and tips Colloquial: Used in everyday speech, not formal writing. Focus on faces: Applies only to people’s appearance, not places or objects. Uncertain memory: Implies partial recognition; you’re unsure of the person’s identity. 3 · Common follow-ups 好像在哪儿见过你。 “I feel like I’ve seen you somewhere.” 你是不是在××公司工作？ “Do you work at ×× company?” 我们是不是在上次会议里碰到过？ “Did we meet at the last meeting?” 4 · Contrast with 熟悉 (shú xī) 熟悉 means fully familiar or well-known (“我很熟悉他”), while 面熟 is only visual recognition with uncertainty. Summary Use 面熟 to say someone’s face rings a bell but you can’t match it to a name or context. Place it after a person (他/她) or use it generally with 看着／觉得 to indicate a vague, visual familiarity.

Answer 368

扭 (niǔ) — twist. Physical: twist/turn/sprain. Figurative: twist/distort (facts); turn around (a bad situation). One idea: apply a twist, literally or metaphorically. ---------------- 尴尬 = social embarrassment. You blush because the situation hurts your face. 别扭 = feels wrong or is hard to deal with. Could be physical discomfort, an awkward sentence, a strained relationship, or a contrary person— not necessarily embarrassing. -------------------------------------- 别扭 (biè niu) Core ideas Uncomfortable / not smooth—something feels off, hard to use, hard to say. Awkward interpersonal vibe—people don’t get along; a strained atmosphere. Difficult personality—someone who is contrary or hard to please. Typical scenes New shoes rub your feet: 这鞋穿着真别扭。 A sentence sounds clumsy: 这句话读起来有点别扭。 Two colleagues forced to work together after a fight: 气氛很别扭。 A child deliberately refusing to cooperate: 孩子今天特别别扭。 Key points Covers physical, linguistic, and relational discomfort. Rarely means “embarrassed”; more “ill-fitting,” “unnatural,” or “contrary.” Can be positive if you want to say something “doesn’t sit right” without claiming shame.

Answer 369

思 (sī): Think; consider; ponder; long for; idea Key points: * Denotes mental activity—thinking, reflecting, or forming ideas. * Also conveys longing or missing someone/something (e.g., 思念 “to miss”). -------------------------- 心思 (xīn si) — thoughts; state of mind; mental energy Core idea 心思 points to what’s going on inside your head or heart—your thoughts, intentions, mood, and the mental effort you invest in something. 1 · Main uses Thought / intention 他的心思我猜不透。 “I can’t read his intentions.” Mood / inclination (often with 有/没) 今天没心思工作。 “I’m in no mood to work today.” 他现在没有心思谈恋爱。 “He has no mind for dating right now.” Mental effort / care (often with 花 or 用) 她在礼物上花了很多心思。 “She put a lot of thought into the gift.” 这篇文章用心思写的，细节很到位。 “This article was written with great care; the details are spot-on.” 2 · Grammar tips 心思 is always a noun. Use 有/没 + 心思 to talk about being (or not being) in the mood. Use 花/用 + 心思 to show you devote thought or effort. To describe a person, add adjectives: 心思细 (careful, detail-oriented) 心思重 (over-thinks, broods) 3 · Nuances Personal, internal: not just logical “thoughts,” but also feelings and motives. Often implies depth or complexity that others might not see. Slightly colloquial; fits daily conversation, literature, and drama. 4 · More examples 老板一眼就看穿了他的心思。 “The boss saw through his motives at a glance.” 旅行回来后，她满脑子都是新的心思。 “After the trip she was full of new ideas.” 别胡乱猜他的心思，直接问最清楚。 “Stop guessing what he’s thinking—just ask him.” Summary Use 心思 to talk about someone’s inner thoughts, motives, mood, or the careful mental effort poured into a task. Pair it with 有/没 to express mood, and with 花/用 to show thoughtful investment.

Answer 370

当回事 (dāng huí shì) — “take (something) seriously / treat as a real matter” Literal idea 把一件事“当作一回事”——视作正式、有分量的事。 1 · Core use 把 + X + 当回事把医生的话当回事 - Take the doctor’s words seriously. 他从不把别人的建议当回事 - He never takes others’ advice seriously. Negative & imperative forms are most common 没/不当回事 — “don’t take it seriously” 他对安全警告完全没当回事- He paid no real attention to the safety warning. 别当回事 — “don’t worry about it / let it go” 我随口说的，你别当回事 - I just said it casually—don’t take it to heart. Reflective / sarcastic 真把自己当回事他刚进公司就真把自己当回事了 - He just joined the company and already thinks he’s a big deal. 2 · Nuances and register Colloquial, slightly informal. Implies a judgment of importance: whether someone should or should not give weight to a topic, advice, warning, or even themselves. Often used to point out carelessness (没当回事) or over-seriousness (真把…当回事). 3 · Quick examples 这不是小问题，必须当回事！This isn’t a minor issue—you have to take it seriously! 医生让他少喝酒，可他根本没当回事 - The doctor told him to drink less, but he didn’t take it seriously at all. 你别把他的玩笑当回事，他就喜欢开玩笑 - Don’t take his jokes seriously—he just likes joking around. Take-away Use 当回事 to talk about the degree of seriousness someone assigns to a matter. Affirmative: 把…当回事 → treat as important. Negative: 没/不当回事 → shrug off. Imperative: 别当回事 → tell someone not to worry.

Answer 371

臨 / 临 (lín2): Face; overlook; approach; be about to; on/at (the point of) Key points: * Indicates being close to or directly facing something (e.g., 临海 “facing the sea”). * Means approaching or about to happen in time (e.g., 临近 “approaching”). * Used for “at the time of” or “just before” (e.g., 临行 “right before departure”). Appears in terms like 面临 (to face/encounter) and 临时 (temporary, at the moment). --------------------------------------- 临近 (lín jìn) — “approaching; near; close to” Core idea 临近 means something is close in time “approaching” or close in space “nearby”. 1 · Temporal use — “approaching” Pattern: 临近 + time point / event 临近春节，车票很难买。 “As the Spring Festival approaches, train tickets are hard to get.” 临近截止日期，他才开始写报告。 “He started the report only when the deadline was near.” Nuance: Slightly formal; often used in news, reports, planning talk. 2 · Spatial use — “near; adjacent” Pattern: A 临近 B (A is near B) 学校临近地铁站。 “The school is close to the metro station.” 这家酒店临近机场，交通方便。 “The hotel is near the airport, so transport is convenient.” Synonyms: 接近 (close to), 附近 (nearby); 临近 feels more formal or descriptive. 3 · Tips for precision Place 临近 before the time or place you’re measuring from. For casual speech, you can swap in 快到 (“almost”) for time or 离…近 (“close to…”) for place, but 临近 sounds clearer and more formal. Do not use 临近 for abstract closeness (friendship, similarity). 4 · Quick examples 临近年末，大家都在做年度总结。 “With year-end approaching, everyone is writing annual summaries.” 我们公司临近市中心，客户来访很方便。 “Our company is near the city center, so it’s convenient for clients to visit.” 天气预报说，随着寒潮临近，气温将明显下降。 “The forecast says that as the cold front approaches, temperatures will drop sharply.” Summary Use 临近 to state that a deadline, holiday, weather system, or location is almost here or close by. Put it right before the time or place, and you’ll sound precise and natural. ------------- Wechat examples 感觉临近考试就越不紧张了因为都在临近的区春节假期临近，如果你。。。临近地铁二号

Answer 372

監 / 监 jiān → anything to do with prisons, guarding, day-to-day supervision (监管、监狱、监控…) jiàn → formal inspection, data monitoring, or classical “mirror copy” (监察、监测、监本…) Remember: 监管(jiān) a facility, but 监测(jiàn) data. ----------------------------- 总监 (zǒng jiān) — director / head of a function Essential meaning 总监 is a senior title for the person who oversees an entire department, function, or project. Equivalent to “Director” (Marketing Director, Creative Director, Technical Director, etc.) in English. 1 · Where it sits in the hierarchy Above 经理 (manager) and below 副总裁 / 总裁 (VP / President) in many Chinese companies. Focus on strategic planning, overall performance, and cross-team coordination. 2 · How to say it Department + 总监市场总监 Marketing Director 他是公司的市场总监。 “He’s the company’s Marketing Director.” 技术总监 Technical Director 技术总监负责产品架构和研发方向。 “The Technical Director is in charge of product architecture and R&D direction.” Project / creative field + 总监创意总监 Creative Director 设计总监 Design Director Used alone when context is clear 总监亲自批准了方案。 “The Director personally approved the plan.” Note: 总监 is only a noun (job title), never a verb. 3 · Nuances and use tips High-level authority: has decision-making power; not a middle manager. Strategic—not day-to-day operations (that’s the manager’s job). Can take assistants or deputies: 总监助理, 副总监. In media/film you may see 节目总监 (Program Director), 总监制 (Executive Producer). 4 · Quick examples 新任品牌总监带来了全新的市场定位。 “The new Brand Director has introduced a completely new market positioning.” 数据安全由信息安全总监统一管理。 “Data security is centrally managed by the Information Security Director.” 我在面试销售总监，年薪预算是一百五十万。 “I’m interviewing for a Sales Director; the salary budget is 1.5 million.” Take-away Use 总监 for top-level leaders who command an entire function or creative domain (Marketing Director, Technical Director, Creative Director). Precede it with the field (市场、技术、创意) and remember it signals strategic authority above the manager level.

Answer 373

激励 (jī lì) — “to motivate; motivation” Verb: to inspire, stimulate, or spur someone to act. Noun: the motivation or incentive that drives action. 1 · Using 激励 as a verb Pattern: 激励 + 人 + 去做… / 激励 + 人 + Verb 他的故事激励了我努力学习。“His story motivated me to study hard.” 领导用奖奖金激励员工。 “The manager motivates the staff with bonuses.” 2 · Using 激励 as a noun Pattern: …是/成为 + 激励成功的可能性是最大的激励。 “The possibility of success is the biggest motivation.” Often appears in business terms: 激励机制 (incentive scheme), 绩效激励 (performance incentive). 3 · Nuances Usually positive, emphasizing encouragement or incentives. Can be emotional (words, stories) or material (bonuses, rewards). Stronger than 鼓励 (encourage) because it implies triggering real action or higher performance. 4 · Common collocations 激励政策 (motivation policy) 激励措施 (motivational measures) 激励团队 (motivate the team) 自我激励 (self-motivation) 5 · Quick examples 他的成功激励着一代年轻人。 “His success inspires a generation of young people.” 公司推出新的激励机制，提高员工士气。 “The company rolled out a new incentive scheme to boost morale.” 自我激励是持续进步的关键。 “Self-motivation is the key to continuous improvement.” Summary Use 激励 to talk about motivating others (or yourself) through words, examples, or incentives—anything that sparks action and higher performance.

Answer 374

条理 (tiáo lǐ) — order; logical organization; clear structure Core idea 条理 is the sense of things being well-ordered and logically arranged—whether in thoughts, writing, speech, or work. 1 · How to use it 有条理 / 没条理他说话很有条理。 “He speaks in a very organized way.” 这份报告一点条理都没有。 “This report has no structure at all.” 条理清晰 / 条理分明她的思路条理清晰。 “Her line of thought is crystal-clear.” 把段落分开，让文章更条理分明。 “Separate the paragraphs to make the article more coherent.” 理清 / 梳理 + 条理写作前先梳理条理。 “Sort out the structure before you start writing.” 2 · Typical contexts Writing & speaking: logical flow of ideas. Work & workflow: organized steps or priorities. Mindset: personal thought process or planning. 3 · Nuances Always a noun; never used as a verb. Implies not just neatness but logical sequence. Saying someone 没条理 can criticize them as scattered or disorganized. 4 · More examples 面试时回答问题要有条理。 “Your answers in an interview should be well-structured.” 他做事很没条理，经常忘东忘西 - He’s terribly disorganized and keeps forgetting things. 花几分钟整理思路，让条理更清楚 - Spend a few minutes organizing your thoughts so the structure is clearer Take-away Use 条理 to talk about how clear, logical, and orderly something is—ideas, speech, plans, or work. Add 有 / 没 or phrases like 条理清晰 to judge the level of organization.

Answer 375

The go-to word is “考虑” (kǎo lǜ). It’s the everyday verb Chinese speakers use for “take into account,” “consider,” or “factor in.” To stress “include it in our logic/model,” simply say “将 … 纳入考虑” (“include … in our considerations”) or “考虑到 …” (“take … into account”). Quick examples 制定计划时，我们需要考虑预算。 When we make the plan, we need to take the budget into account. 请把用户反馈纳入考虑。 Please factor user feedback into your thinking. 在模型里要考虑到季节性。 Seasonality must be included in the model. Related but less common choices 顾及 / 兼顾 – “give due regard to,” often for balancing multiple needs. 斟酌 – “weigh carefully,” more formal/literary. For most work conversations, “考虑” covers all three ideas—considering, taking into account, and explicitly including something in your framework.

Answer 376

切换 (qiē huàn) — “to switch; toggle; shift” Core idea Cut from one state, mode, or item directly to another. Widely used in tech, media, and daily tasks. 1 · How to use it Verb + object 切换频道 “switch channels” 请帮我切换到新闻频道。 “Please switch to the news channel.” 切换账号 “switch accounts” 你可以在这里切换账号。 “You can switch accounts here.” 切换模式 “switch modes” 手机自动切换到省电模式。 “The phone automatically switches to power-saving mode.” Verb alone (no object needed when context is clear) 页面加载后会自动切换。 “The page will auto-switch after loading.” 2 · Common scenes Apps / UI: 切换语言 (switch language), 切换主题 (switch theme). Hardware: 切换输入源 (change input source on a TV). Work contexts: 切换任务 (shift tasks), 思维切换 (switch mindsets). 3 · Nuances Implies a quick, direct change—not gradual. Neutral tone; purely functional. If multiple options are cycled, you can add 来回 or 快速 (e.g., 快速切换). 4 · More examples 双屏演示时，你需要手动切换显示器。 “During dual-screen presentations, you need to manually switch screens.” 他习惯于在中文和英文之间迅速切换。 “He’s used to switching quickly between Chinese and English.” 会议模式结束后，系统会切换回普通模式。 “When the meeting mode ends, the system switches back to normal mode.” Summary Use 切换 whenever you talk about moving instantly from one channel, mode, account, language, or task to another. It’s the go-to verb in Chinese for “switch” or “toggle.”

Answer 377

What you're grabbing in your hands

Answer 378

Vacuum cleaner

Answer 379

误 / 誤 (wù): Mistake; error; misunderstand; miss; delay Key points: * Indicates doing something wrongly or by accident (误会 “misunderstand”). * Can mean missing or delaying an event (误车 “miss the bus”). ---- 失误 (shī wù) vs. 错误 (cuò wù) — how to tell them apart 失误 — “slip-up / misplay” Nature: an unintentional operational slip, lapse, or oversight made while doing something. Scope: usually momentary and linked to execution (pressing the wrong key, a pass gone astray, a missed cue). Typical scenes: sports, live operations, work procedures. Grammar: mainly a noun. 出现失误 “a slip-up occurred” 操作失误 “operational slip” 例守门员的一个失误导致失球。 “A keeper’s slip-up caused the goal.” 他因为口误而在发言中出现失误。 “He made a slip in his speech due to a verbal mistake.” 错误 — “error / wrong” Nature: any kind of wrongness— factual, conceptual, moral, or procedural. Scope: wide; can be minor typos or serious wrong decisions. Typical scenes: exams, logic, judgement, data, ethics. Grammar: Noun: 一个错误 “an error” Adjective: 错误的决定 “a wrong decision” 例他在公式里写错了符号，这是一个严重的错误。 “He wrote the wrong symbol in the formula—this is a serious error.” 你这样做是错误的。 “What you’re doing is wrong.” Precision checklist Momentary slip vs. general wrongness 打字漏按是失误；内容本身写错是错误。 Severity 失误常带“可修正的小失手”；错误可轻可重，甚至指根本性谬误。 Grammar 失误：名词；不能当形容词。错误：名词＋形容词双用。 Quick test Can you replace it with “slip-up”? → 用失误。 Are you judging something as “wrong/incorrect”? → 用错误。 Both words can appear in casual chat and in serious documents, but their comfort zone differs: 失误 is common in spoken or semi-formal settings—sports commentary, workplace debriefs, media reports. In very formal policy or academic writing it shows up less, because it implies a momentary slip rather than a fundamental wrong. 例口头：“抱歉，这是我的操作失误。” 半正式报告：“由于诊断流程出现失误，数据延迟。” 错误 is truly all-terrain: everyday talk, official memos, legal texts, academic papers. Whenever you must label something “incorrect” or “wrong,” this is the neutral, safest choice. 例口头：“这道题我做错了，一个小错误。” 正式文件：“该决策依据的数据存在严重错误。”

Answer 380

吉 (jí): Auspicious; lucky; propitious; favorable Key points: * Signals good fortune or positive omens. * Appears in words like 吉祥 (auspicious), 吉日 (lucky day), 吉利 (favorable, lucky). * Often used in greetings, celebrations, and naming for good luck. -------------- 大吉 (dà jí) — “great luck; very auspicious” Core idea 大吉 literally means “great auspiciousness.” It’s used to wish or describe very good fortune—especially in traditional greetings, divination slips, or decorative phrases. 1 · Main ways to use it As a standalone blessing 大吉! “Good luck!” (short and festive) With 祝(你/您) to form a greeting 祝你大吉! “Wish you great luck!” 祝考试大吉! “Good luck on the exam!” Set phrases 大吉大利 – “great luck and great profit” (often on red couplets). 吉祥如意，大吉大利 – a fuller New-Year or wedding blessing. Divination slips / fortune lots 抽到 “大吉” 签 – “drew a great-luck lot” (the best outcome). 2 · Nuances & contexts Festive and formal-traditional: best suited for holidays (especially Lunar New Year), weddings, business openings, exams, or when drawing fortunes at a temple. Rare in everyday casual chat; you’d simply say “好运” (good luck) in modern spoken Chinese. Positive, high-level luck: stronger than just “吉” (auspicious) and far better than “小吉” (minor luck). 3 · Quick examples 新店开张，朋友送来条幅写着 “大吉大利”。 “When the new shop opened, friends sent a banner reading ‘great luck and great profit’.” 他在寺庙抽签抽到了“大吉”，高兴极了。 “He drew a ‘great luck’ lot at the temple and was delighted.” 祝你比赛大吉，一切顺利！ “Good luck in the competition—may everything go smoothly!” Take-away Use 大吉 for formal or festive wishes of “supreme good luck,” in greetings, couplets, or fortune-telling contexts. For everyday simple “good luck,” opt for 好运 instead. ----- 哈哈开工大吉，大红包大吉大利 (Idiom: Big luck big profit) 恭喜发财，大吉大利

Answer 381

減 / 减 (jiǎn): Decrease; reduce; subtract; lessen; minus Key points: Refers to making something smaller or fewer in quantity, size, weight, amount, etc. Core component in everyday compounds: * 减少 (jiǎn shǎo) – to decrease, lessen * 减肥 (jiǎn féi) – to lose weight * 减速 (jiǎn sù) – to slow down 减 (jiǎn) can be causative (“make it go down”) or descriptive (“it went down”) — the difference comes from how you build the sentence. But in these descriptive cases you can also use 降低／下降 In mathematics, indicates subtraction (减法 “subtraction,” 5 减 2 = 3). -------------------------------- 减少 (jiǎn shǎo) — “to reduce; to decrease” Make something smaller in amount, number, size, or intensity. It’s the opposite of 增加 (increase). How to use it 1. Verb + object * 减少 + 数量/费用/时间/风险 * 减少开支 “reduce expenses” * 减少排放 “cut emissions” * 减少时间浪费 “reduce wasted time” 2. Subject + (数量) + 减少 * 今年游客数量减少了 20% - “This year the number of tourists fell by 20 %.” 3. 把 + object + 减少到/至 + number * 把盐的用量减少到一克 - “Reduce the salt to one gram.” Nuances 程度：可大可小，既可说轻微下降，也可说大幅削减。领域：广泛——金钱、人数、污染、声音、风险、重量等。语气：中性；既可用于客观陈述，也可表示建议或目标。 Quick examples * 公司正在努力减少能源消耗。“The company is working hard to cut energy consumption.” * 如果想减肥，就要减少高糖食品的摄入。“If you want to lose weight, you need to reduce sugary foods.” * 雨量减少导致水库库存不足。“Reduced rainfall has left the reservoir short of water.” Summary Use 减少 whenever you want to say “reduce,” “cut down,” or “decrease” anything—money, numbers, risk, time, waste, etc. Pair it directly with the thing being scaled back, or state how much it has been reduced.

Answer 382

編 / 编 (biān): Compile; edit; weave; fabricate; compose Key points: * Arrange / compile information or data (编程 “to program”; 编辑 “to edit”). * Create / compose literary or artistic works (编剧 “scriptwrite”). * Weave / braid materials together (编织 “to weave, knit”). * Can also mean make up / fabricate a story (编造 “to concoct”). ----------------- 编辑 (biān jí) — “to edit” / “editor” Core idea Verb: to collect, select, modify, arrange, and polish content (text, audio, video, etc.). Noun: a person whose job is to do the above—an editor. 1 · As a verb Pattern: 编辑 + 内容编辑文章 “edit an article” 编辑视频 “edit a video” 编辑简介 “edit a profile” Example sentences 我正在编辑这篇报道。 “I’m editing this report.” 先写草稿，再进行细节编辑。 “Write the draft first, then do detailed editing.” 2 · As a noun Patterns: 他是一名新闻编辑。 “He is a news editor.” 编辑认为标题需要修改。 “The editor thinks the headline needs a change.” 3 · Common collocations 编辑部 editorial department 总编辑 chief editor 编辑器 software editor (text editor, video editor) 编辑流程 editing workflow 4 · Nuances Verb vs. noun depends on context: “负责编辑” (verb) vs. “担任编辑” (noun). Suggests professional polish—more than simple “modify” (修改); it includes selection, structure, and style. Widely used in media, publishing, online platforms, and app UI (“点击编辑个人资料” = “tap to edit profile”). 5 · Quick comparisons 编辑 (biān jí) — curate and polish full content. 修改 (xiūgǎi) — change or correct parts. 剪辑 (jiǎnjí) — specifically cut and assemble audio/video clips. Take-away Use 编辑 for both the action of professionally shaping content and the person who does it. Pair it with any material—文章、图片、视频—and remember it implies thoughtful organization, not just minor tweaks.

Answer 383

編 / 编 (biān): Compile; edit; weave; fabricate; compose Key points: * Arrange / compile information or data (编程 “to program”; 编辑 “to edit”). * Create / compose literary or artistic works (编剧 “scriptwrite”). * Weave / braid materials together (编织 “to weave, knit”). * Can also mean make up / fabricate a story (编造 “to concoct”). ----------------- 邮编 (yóu biān) — postal code / ZIP code 邮编 is the everyday shorthand for 邮政编码—the numeric code used by the postal service to identify an area. In Mainland China it is six digits. 1 · Part of speech Noun only. It names the code itself. 2 · How to say it in sentences Ask for a code 你家的邮编是多少？ “What’s your home postal code?” Provide a code 请填上邮编：100025。 “Please enter the postal code: 100025.” Describe or search 先查一下北京的邮编。 “Check Beijing’s postal code first.” 每个区都有自己的邮编。 “Every district has its own postal code.” 3 · Nuances and tips 邮编 and 邮政编码 mean the same thing; 邮编 is shorter and informal, perfect for forms, apps, and conversation. When writing an address in Chinese format, put the postal code before or after the province line, e.g. 100025 北京市朝阳区… Do not confuse 邮编 with 行政区号 (administrative area code) or 电话区号 (telephone area code); those are different numbers. 4 · Quick examples 在线购物时必须填写正确的邮编。 “You must enter the correct postal code when shopping online.” 如果邮编写错，快递可能会送错地方。 “If the postal code is wrong, the parcel may go to the wrong place.” 这家公司搬家后邮编也变了。 “After the company relocated, its postal code changed as well.” Take-away Use 邮编 whenever you talk about a postal or ZIP code in Chinese. It’s short, clear, and fits any form, app, or spoken request for an address code.

Answer 384

编程 · 程序 · 代码 — how they differ 编程 (biān chéng) — “programming” * What it is: the activity of writing software. * Use: a verb-like noun or a verb. * 我在学编程。 “I’m learning programming.” * 用 Python 编程。 “Program in Python.” * Key point: focuses on the process, skills, and act of creating software. 程序 (chéng xù) — “program / application / procedure” * What it is: the finished software (or, more generally, an ordered set of steps). * Use: countable noun. * 运行这个程序。 “Run this program.” * 写一个小程序自动备份文件。 “Write a small program to back-up files.” * Outside tech: 可申请流程的程序 (“procedure” in admin/legal context). * Key point: the end product you can install or execute. 代码 (dài mǎ) — “code / source code” * What it is: the textual lines you type—keywords, symbols, comments—before they are compiled or run. * Use: uncountable or chunk-countable. * 阅读别人的代码能提高水平。 “Reading others’ code improves your skill.” * 这段代码有bug。 “This chunk of code has a bug.” * Key point: the raw language instructions themselves. ---------------- Quick way to remember: 编程 = the doing (the craft). 代码 = the words you write. 程序 = the thing that finally runs. You 写代码 / 编程 ➜ 产出程序.

Answer 385

测 (cè): Measure; gauge; test; survey; detect Key points: * Indicates determining a value or condition through instruments or calculation. * Common in technical and scientific contexts: *** 测量 (cè liáng) – to measure (length, volume, etc.) *** 检测 (jiǎn cè) – to test/detect (quality, viruses, data) *** 观测 (guān cè) – to observe and measure (astronomy, meteorology) *** 预测 (yù cè) – to predict/forecast (derived sense: “measure ahead”). Emphasises an objective, often instrument-based action rather than estimation. ------------------------------------------------ 推测 (tuī cè) — to speculate, infer, guess based on clues Core idea Use 推测 when you make a reasoned guess from limited evidence. More careful than 随便猜 (“random guess”), but less certain than 断定 (“conclude”). 1 · Grammar patterns Verb + object 我们推测原因是设备过热。 “We speculate the cause is overheating.” Subject + (可以/只能) 推测 + clause 目前只能推测他还在国外。 “At the moment we can only infer that he is still abroad.” 推测… 的可能性科学家推测火星上存在水的可能性。 “Scientists speculate on the possibility of water on Mars.” As a noun (rare, formal) 以上结论只是推测，需进一步验证。 “The above conclusion is merely a speculation and needs further verification.” 2 · Typical contexts Science & research: 推测原因、推测结果 News & investigation: 媒体推测、警方推测 Everyday reasoning: 根据线索推测、可以推测他迟到了 3 · Nuance Implies evidence-based guessing; you have clues but no final proof. More formal than 猜测; less assertive than 判断 or 断定. Often followed by 可能、大概、也许 to keep tone cautious. 4 · Quick examples 根据足迹，警方推测嫌犯身高约一米八。 “From the footprints, police infer the suspect is about 1.8 meters tall.” 看到灯还亮着，我推测他还没睡。 “Seeing the light is still on, I guess he hasn’t gone to bed.” 经济学家推测，利率将继续上升。 “Economists speculate that interest rates will keep rising.” Take-away Use 推测 when you want to say “I/they infer or speculate (based on some evidence) but am not 100 % sure.” Put it before the clause you’re guessing, and pair it with words like 可能 or 大概 to keep the statement careful and precise. --- It does not carry the negative connotation of "Speculate" 推测 is generally neutral or cautious, not shady or gossipy. In Chinese, it implies “reasoned inference from clues,” so listeners expect some basis, even if incomplete. To make it sound negative: 1. Add qualifiers (胡乱、无根据) or 2. switch to 臆测 / 猜测. 这是毫无根据的推测。“This is a baseless speculation.” 媒体在胡乱推测他的私生活。“The media are speculating recklessly about his private life.” 臆测 (yì cè) — wild conjecture 猜测 (cāi cè) — casual guessing

Answer 386

腐败 (腐敗 fǔ bài) — “to rot / to corrupt; corruption”. In modern Chinese, 腐败 is the standard, go-to word for “corruption,” especially political or official corruption. * Literal rot or decay – food, organic matter going bad. * Figurative corruption – moral or political decay: bribery, abuse of power, dishonesty. 1 · Parts of speech Verb (rot): 肉放太久会腐败。 “Meat left too long will rot.” Adjective (rotten / corrupt): 腐败的政客 “corrupt politician” 腐败的制度 “decayed system” Noun (corruption): 反腐败斗争 “anti-corruption campaign” 政府内部存在腐败。 “There is corruption inside the government.” 2 · Common collocations 政治腐败 political corruption 官员腐败 official corruption 腐败行为 corrupt practices 防止腐败 prevent corruption 腐败现象 phenomenon of corruption 3 · Nuances Very negative: implies moral decay, illegality, or spoiled condition. In news or formal talk, usually refers to bribery and abuse of power. For ordinary spoiled food, 日常话 often uses 变质; 腐败 is stronger. 这牛奶变质了 (more natural than 腐败 for milk). 4 · Illustrative sentences 这条鱼已经腐败，不能再吃。 “This fish has rotted; it can’t be eaten.” 腐败问题损害了公众对政府的信任。 “Corruption has undermined public trust in the government.” 公司建立了严格的制度来防止腐败行为。 “The company set up strict rules to prevent corrupt practices.” 他们因受贿被判腐败罪。 “They were convicted of corruption for taking bribes.” Take-away Use 腐败 for serious decay—of food (literal) or of morals, power, and institutions (figurative). For mild spoilage, choose 变质; for graft or bribery issues, 腐败 is the precise, formal word.

Answer 387

屋 (wū): House; building; dwelling; room; shelter Key points: * Refers to an enclosed, roofed structure for living or working. * Common collocations: 屋子 (room/house), 房屋 (buildings/dwellings), 屋顶 (roof). Emphasises the physical structure or space under a roof. ---- 屋子 vs. 房间 — how to feel the difference 房间 (fáng-jiān) The neutral, everyday word for a room inside any building. Stresses the functional space itself (bedroom, living room, office). Works in all registers: 今天下午我在房间里。屋子 (wū-zi) Literally “a house” in older usage, but in modern Mandarin often means “room” in a more informal, homey, or slightly old-fashioned tone. Common in spoken language, anecdotes, or literature: 屋子里亮着灯。 Can still mean the whole small house in rural contexts: 他住在一间小瓦屋子。 Practical guide Talking about rooms in an apartment, hotel, office → 房间 is safest. Telling a story, describing a cozy or humble interior → 屋子 adds warmth or rustic flavor. If you literally mean a standalone cottage/shack → use 屋子 or 小屋. Examples 请到我的房间来谈。 “Come to my room to talk.” (neutral) 雨夜里，那间木屋子显得特别温暖。 “On the rainy night, that wooden cabin looked especially warm.” (house feel) 她躲在屋子里哭，没有人敢进去。 “She hid in the room crying; no one dared go in.” (informal, narrative) Bottom line: 房间 = standard “room”; 屋子 = informal “room” (or small house) with a touch of homeliness or rustic tone.

Answer 388

Both e4 Meng4 噩梦 The standard, dictionary‐approved spelling in modern Mandarin. 噩 means “ominous, terrible.” Used in news, literature, academic writing, HSK textbooks, etc. 昨晚我做了一个噩梦。 “I had a nightmare last night.” -------------- 恶梦 A variant / informal spelling that appears in casual writing, subtitles, or online chat. Arises because 恶 (evil) is common and people may not know or type 噩. Not preferred in formal texts; some editors treat it as a typo. 这部恐怖片简直就是恶梦。 “This horror movie is literally a nightmare.” (informal wording)

Answer 389

散 sàn4 / sǎn3 1. sǎn (loose, scattered) — describes a state that is not tight, compact, or organized. Includes “powder” sense (散剂). 2. sàn (to scatter/disperse) — describes an action causing things or people to spread out or break apart. Quick-choice tip * Need an adjective / noun for “loose, scattered, powdered”? → use sǎn. * Talking about making something scatter, dismissing a crowd, ending a party, distributing money? → use sàn. ------------------------------------------------- 分散 (fēn sàn) — scatter, disperse, spread out; distracting Core idea 分散 means to break up a single mass or focus and spread it across space, time, or categories. It can describe both physical dispersion and mental distraction. 1 · As a verb: “to scatter / spread / decentralize” 把 A 分散到 B 把人群分散到不同房间。 “Scatter the people into different rooms.” 分散 + 资源 / 风险 / 投资为了安全，他们把资金分散投资。 “For safety, they spread their money across several investments.” 分散注意力手机噪音会分散你的注意力。 “Phone noise will distract your attention.” Nuance: emphasizes actively moving things (or focus) away from one center. 2 · As an adjective: “spread out / decentralized / scattered” 分散的 + 名词分散的村庄 “Scattered villages.” 市场很分散 “The market is highly fragmented.” Nuance: highlights a lack of central concentration. 3 · Typical contrasts 分散 vs. 集中分散 = spread out; 集中 = concentrate. 例：为了效率，把分散的文件集中到一个文件夹。 “For efficiency, gather the scattered files into one folder.” 4 · Extra examples 政府鼓励企业分散产能，降低环境压力。 “The government encourages firms to spread production to reduce environmental pressure.” 学习时最好关掉通知，避免注意力被分散。 “When studying, it’s best to turn off notifications to avoid your attention being diverted.” 这家公司采用分散管理，办公室遍布全球。 “This company uses decentralized management with offices worldwide.” Take-away Use 分散 when you need to express moving something away from a single point—whether it’s people, money, production, or mental focus. Verb form for the action of dispersing; adjective form to describe a state of being spread out. ---- Wechat cases 分散注意力注意力分散，不集中这个意思吗？分散精力

Answer 390

渐 (漸) | 渐渐 (漸漸) | 逐渐 (逐漸) All three mean “gradually,” but they differ in formality, frequency, and sentence position. 1 · 渐 (jiàn) — single-character, literary Feels classical or poetic; rare in everyday speech. Usually forms compounds or appears before a monosyllabic adjective/verb. 雨“渐止” “The rain gradually stops.” 心情“渐好” “Mood gradually improves.” Hardly ever written as 渐地*. Best avoided in modern business or technical writing unless you want a literary tone. 2 · 渐渐 (jiàn jiàn) — common, neutral, vivid A reduplication that highlights the step-by-step process. Works like an adverb; often followed by 地 but 地 is optional. 天空“渐渐(地)亮了”。 “The sky is getting light little by little.” 他“渐渐”适应了新工作。 “He gradually got used to the new job.” Suitable in spoken language, narratives, and informal writing. 3 · 逐渐 (zhú jiàn) — formal, steady progression Standard in news, reports, academic or business prose. Emphasises a progressive increase/decrease; sounds a bit more objective than 渐渐. Pattern: 逐渐 + verb/adj (often with 地). 市场需求“逐渐增长”。 “Market demand is gradually increasing.” 天气“逐渐(地)变冷”。 “The weather is getting colder little by little.” Quick practical guide Everyday storytelling or casual talk → 用渐渐。 Formal report, data trend, technical description → 用逐渐。 Poetic or classical flavour → 可用渐 (or phrases like “渐入佳境”). Remember: the meaning is the same—“gradually”—but the choice of word sets the tone of your sentence.

Answer 391

封 - fēng — seal or close; confer rank; classifier for letters. --- 封面 (fēng miàn) — “front cover; cover page; thumbnail” Core idea 封面 is the outermost front face of a book, magazine, report, album, or even a digital video. It’s what people see first. 1 · How to talk about it As a noun 这本书的封面很有创意。 “The cover of this book is very creative.” 我们需要一张新的封面。 “We need a new cover image.” As an attributive 封面设计 “cover design” 封面故事 “cover story” (magazine’s lead article) 封面人物 “cover person / cover star” As a verb phrase (informal, in design teams) 做封面 “make a cover” 换封面 “change the cover” 2 · Typical contexts Print: books, magazines, catalogs. Music & video: album art, YouTube/Bilibili thumbnails (视频封面). Documents & reports: Word / PDF封面 (cover page). Apps & games: app封面图 (app cover graphic). 3 · Nuances Refers specifically to the front cover. The back cover is 封底. For digital content, 封面 often means the preview image that represents the file. In media, “封面人物” implies someone featured prominently, literally “the person on the cover.” 4 · Straightforward examples 设计师正在修改杂志封面。 “The designer is editing the magazine cover.” 视频封面太暗，建议换一张更明亮的。 “The video thumbnail is too dark—suggest changing to a brighter one.” 我把报告的封面做成了蓝白配色。 “I made the report’s cover page blue and white.” 当选为时代杂志封面人物是一种荣誉。 “Being chosen as Time’s cover person is an honor.” Take-away Use 封面 whenever you refer to the front cover or representative image of any physical or digital publication. Attach words like 设计 (design), 故事 (story), 人物 (person) to specify its role, or pair with verbs like 做、换、修改 to talk about making or changing it.

Answer 392

封 - fēng — seal or close; confer rank; classifier for letters. --- 封闭 (fēng bì) — “to seal / to close off; closed, sealed” 封闭 means shut, sealed, or isolated—physically or mentally. It can be a verb (“close off, seal”) or an adjective (“closed, sealed-off, inward”). 1 · Verb use: “to seal / close off” 对象 + 被/将 + 封闭 * 由于施工，这条隧道将被封闭三个月。“Because of construction, this tunnel will be closed for three months.” 封闭 + 地区/道路/系统 * 事故后警察封闭了现场。“After the accident, police sealed off the scene.” It implies no entry or no contact with the outside while sealed. 2 · Adjective use: “closed, sealed, inward” * 封闭的空间 “An enclosed space” (no airflow or exits). * 封闭的管理模式 “A closed management model” (no external interaction). * 他性格比较封闭。“He has a rather closed / introverted personality.” Here it means emotionally shut-in, not open. 3 · Nuances * Physical sealing: roads, buildings, containers. * Abstract isolation: ideas, systems, personality. * Often carries a slightly negative tone when applied to people or organizations (lack of openness). 4 · Common phrases * 全封闭小区 “fully gated community” * 封闭管理 “closed-loop management” (COVID lockdowns, factory bubbles) * 封闭测试 “closed beta test” Take-away： Use 封闭 to talk about shutting something off from outside access—whether it’s a road, a room, a computer system, or even a person’s mindset. As a verb, it’s “to close/seal”; as an adjective, it’s “closed / sealed-off / inward.” La novia de Arnau --- 我们学校比较封闭的。早上9开门但是我们 7点有课。这个意味着如果今天不在学校的话明天那节课将会调查出来。

Answer 393

拯救 (zhěng jiù) — “to rescue; to save” Core idea Move someone or something out of great danger, crisis, or ruin and bring them back to safety or a better state. 1 · Typical objects it saves Lives or people: 拯救生命 “save lives” Groups or society: 拯救世界 “save the world” Situations or projects: 拯救濒临破产的公司 “rescue a company on the brink of bankruptcy” Abstract conditions: 拯救婚姻 “save a marriage” 2 · Grammar patterns 拯救 + noun 医护人员拯救了许多病人。 “Medical staff rescued many patients.” 把 + noun + 拯救出来 / 拯救回来 (emphasises bringing out or back) 他们把受困人员拯救出来。 “They saved the trapped people.” 3 · Nuances Serious stakes: usually life-or-death, crisis, or complete failure. Formal / dramatic tone: stronger than 救 (help/save) in casual contexts. 小猫掉水里，用救; 地球生态危机，用拯救. Often used in news, speeches, movies, NGOs, religion (“拯救灵魂” save souls). 4 · Quick examples 志愿者的善举拯救了无数流浪动物。 “Volunteers’ good deeds have saved countless stray animals.” 只有及时改革才能拯救这家企业。 “Only timely reforms can rescue this company.” 他希望用教育拯救贫困地区的孩子们。 “He hopes to save children in poor areas through education.” Take-away Use 拯救 when the situation is critical and you want a strong, formal word for “rescue” or “save.” It conveys pulling something back from disaster, not just a minor help.

Answer 394

尚 - shàng4 — still, yet; esteem, value, admire; advocate; fashionable trend; noble, lofty. --------------------------------------------- 和尚 (hé shang) — Buddhist monk Core meaning In modern Chinese, 和尚 refers to a male Buddhist monk—a man who has “left the household life” (出家) and lives by monastic rules in a temple. A female monastic is usually called 尼姑; a more formal gender-neutral word is 僧人 / 僧侣. Grammar and common phrases Part of speech: noun only. Measure word: 位 (polite), 个 (informal). 一位和尚 “a monk” Typical modifiers: 老和尚 “elder monk” 小和尚 “young monk / novice” 出家和尚 “monk who has taken vows” Usage notes & nuance Everyday, storytelling tone 和尚 is the go-to word in conversation, novels, folk tales, and jokes. Formal Buddhist writing tends to use 僧人 or 更精确的梵文外来词 like 比丘. Neutral / respectful if the context is respectful Add 师父 or 法师 for extra respect: 和尚师父 “revered monk” No verb form You can’t “和尚 something”—use 出家 (“become a monk”) or 剃度 (“ordain”). Quick examples 寺里有一位老和尚，每天清晨敲钟诵经。 “There is an old monk in the temple who rings the bell and chants sutras every dawn.” 小和尚下山化缘，遇到了很多善心人。 “The young monk went down the mountain to seek alms and met many kind people.” 那位和尚讲了一个关于放下执念的禅故事。 “That monk told a Zen story about letting go of attachments.” 她去拜访和尚师父，请教如何打坐。 “She visited the monk-teacher to ask about meditation.” In short Use 和尚 whenever you want to refer to a male Buddhist monk in everyday speech or writing. For formal documents or when gender doesn’t matter, choose 僧人 / 僧侣; for nuns, say 尼姑.

Answer 395

改进 (gǎi jìn) — “to improve by making changes” Core idea 改进 means change something so it works better—fine-tune, optimize, upgrade. It usually refers to methods, processes, products, or systems, not feelings or the general environment. 1 · How to use it as a verb Verb + object: 改进流程 “improve the workflow” 我们必须改进流程，减少等待时间。改进算法 “refine the algorithm” 新版本主要改进了推荐算法。把 / 对 / 进行 + 改进 (formal) 把旧设备进行改进。 “The old equipment has been upgraded.” 对客服系统作进一步改进。 “Make further improvements to the customer-service system.” 还 / 需要 / 可以 + 改进 (there’s room to improve) 这个设计还有改进空间。 “There’s still room to improve this design.” 2 · Using 改进 as a noun 做改进 “make improvements” 提出改进方案 “propose an improvement plan” 这项功能上线后，我们会根据反馈做改进。 3 · Nuances & common pairings Incremental: Often small or step-by-step enhancements, not total overhaul. **Technical / procedural:**工艺、技术、管理、服务、教学方法。 For quality of life, atmosphere, or emotions, Chinese prefers 改善 (gǎi shàn). 4 · Quick examples 经过改进，新机型的续航时间提高了20%。 “After improvements, the new model’s battery life is 20 % longer.” 这份报告写得不错，但逻辑还有待改进。 “The report is good, but the logic still needs work.” 我们将持续收集用户意见，不断改进产品。 “We’ll keep gathering user feedback and continually refine the product.” Take-away Use 改进 to talk about tweaking and upgrading methods, systems, or products so they perform better. Pair it with concrete objects (流程、技术、方案) and remember: 改进 is practical, technical improvement; for broad “better living conditions,” choose 改善. ---- At work: Long boshi really likes it * 协同过滤算法SVD分解改进 * 大规模数据模式识别算法改进 * 匹配速度预测模型改进

Answer 396

可靠性 (kě kào xìng) — “reliability” How dependable something is over time—its likelihood to work correctly, give accurate results, or keep promises. Equivalent to “reliability” in engineering, data science, and everyday judgment. 1 · Part of speech A noun only. Describe it with 高 (high), 低 (low), 好 (good), 差 (poor), or use 专业词 like 测试 (test), 评估 (assessment). 系统可靠性高 “The system’s reliability is high.” 需要做可靠性测试 “We need to run a reliability test.” 2 · Typical fields Engineering / hardware 设备可靠性 (equipment reliability) 可靠性设计 (design for reliability) Software / data 服务可靠性 (service reliability) 数据可靠性 (data reliability) Statistics / research 问卷的可靠性 (questionnaire reliability)—how consistent results are. 3 · Grammar patterns A 的可靠性 + 很/高/低这款手机电池的可靠性很高。 “The battery reliability of this phone is very high.” 提高 / 降低 + 可靠性新算法显著提高了系统可靠性。 “The new algorithm significantly increased system reliability.” 可靠性 + 测试/评估/报告先出可靠性报告，再上线产品。 “Issue a reliability report before launching the product.” 4 · Nuances and contrasts 可靠性 = measurable, often quantitative (MTBF, uptime, Cronbach’s alpha). 可靠 (adjective) = “reliable, trustworthy” in general. 他很可靠。 (He is reliable.) 这套方案的可靠性需要验证。 (The reliability of this solution needs verification.) 可信度 focuses on “credibility/trustworthiness” (can you believe the info?). 可靠性 focuses on “will it work/last or stay consistent?” 5 · More examples 为了保证数据可靠性，我们启用了双重备份。 “We enabled double backups to guarantee data reliability.” 该研究的样本量太小，可靠性存疑。 “The sample size of this study is too small; its reliability is questionable.” 汽车零部件必须通过 1000 小时的可靠性测试。 “Car parts must pass a 1000-hour reliability test.” Take-away Use 可靠性 when you want to talk about how consistently and dependably something functions or produces accurate results—especially in technical, research, or quality-control contexts. Modify it with 高 / 低, pair it with 测试 / 评估, and keep in mind it always behaves as a noun.

Answer 397

信息库 & SQL 信息库 = organized information repository / knowledge base. Designed for easy search and retrieval. Often accessed through a web UI, search bar, or API—not by direct database queries. Do you need SQL? Typical users: No. The front-end interface hides SQL or any query language behind clicks and keyword search. Power users/admins: Maybe. Some internal repositories expose SQL, GraphQL, or other query options for deeper analysis. Under the hood, the 信息库 might sit on SQL or NoSQL storage, but that’s implementation detail. Bottom line: Most people interact with an 信息库 via user-friendly tools; SQL is only necessary if you’re digging into the backend or doing advanced analytics.

Answer 398

锦: jǐn3 — luxurious multicolored brocade symbolizing beauty, prosperity, decorative splendor, elegant, auspicious, lasting success. 赛: sài4 — formal competition or contest; also compare, vie, match or surpass rivals. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 锦标赛 (jǐn biāo sài) — tournament / championship 锦标赛 is a formal, multi-round sports or e-sports competition that awards a title or trophy to the ultimate winner. Think “championship tournament” rather than a single match. 1 · How to use it As a noun * 世界锦标赛 “World Championship” * 中国队在世界锦标赛上夺冠。“Team China won the title at the World Championship.” * 全国乒乓球锦标赛 “National Table-Tennis Championships” With modifiers * 年度锦标赛 “annual tournament” * 巡回锦标赛 “tour tournament / circuit championship” * 业余锦标赛 “amateur championship” Verb + 锦标赛 * 举办锦标赛 “host a championship” * 参加锦标赛 “enter / compete in a championship” * 赢得锦标赛 “win the tournament” 2 · Grammar & nuance Formal term; fits news reports, official event names, sports commentary. Implies bracket or series play, not just one final. Shorter alternatives: 冠军赛 (championship match) or 比赛 (match) for casual talk, but 锦标赛 sounds grander and more official. 3 · Quick examples - 今年的高尔夫巡回锦标赛将在上海举行。“This year’s golf tour championship will be held in Shanghai.” - 他第一次参加国际锦标赛就进入了四强。“He reached the semifinals in his first international tournament.” - 奥运会并不是锦标赛，而是多项目综合运动会。“The Olympics isn’t a (single) tournament; it’s a multi-sport event.” Take-away Use 锦标赛 for official, multi-round “championship tournaments.” Pair it with verbs like 举办、参加、赢得 or adjectives like 国际、全国 to specify scope and level. ---- Seen in the company * @朱彦融 - 锦标赛打点设计 * @张阳 - Cool spin 锦标赛活动看板和数据更新 * @张阳 - cool spin锦标赛实验分析

Answer 399

打点 (打點, dǎ diǎn) — quick study notes Arrange / prepare 打点行李：pack luggage 打点会场：set up the venue Meaning: get things ready, tidy up, organize. Smooth relationships 打点关系 / 打点关节：“grease the wheels,” handle key contacts, sometimes with gifts or favors. Tone: informal; can imply subtle bribery. Tag events for analytics (tech slang) 给按钮打点：instrument the button click for logging 锦标赛打点设计：event-tracking plan for the tournament feature Meaning: add tracking points so a system records user actions. Usage tips - Always a verb. - Choose meaning by context: packing, smoothing, or data instrumentation. - Nearby synonym in analytics: 埋点 (focus on “burying” the tag), but 打点 stresses firing/reporting events. - Keep these distinctions and examples in mind to deploy 打点 precisely.

Answer 400

买量 (mǎi liàng) — “buying traffic / paid user acquisition” 买量 literally means “buy volume.” In the app-game and digital-marketing world it refers to paying ad platforms to acquire installs, clicks, or users. Think Facebook Ads, TikTok Ads, Unity, DSPs—any paid media used to drive growth. 1 · Part of speech Verb phrase: 做买量 / 进行买量 / 买量拉新我们下季度要大规模做买量 - “Next quarter we’ll run large-scale paid acquisition.” Noun: 买量成本 / 买量渠道 / 买量团队买量成本上涨，需要优化素材。 “Acquisition costs are rising; we need to optimise creatives.” 2 · How it’s used in sentences 通过海外买量，我们日活提升了 20%。“By buying traffic overseas, our DAU rose 20 %.” 买量投放要关注 CPI 和留存率。“Paid-acquisition campaigns must watch CPI and retention.” 他负责买量策略，挑选渠道、设定出价、监控 ROI。“He handles the UA strategy: choosing channels, setting bids, watching ROI.” 3 · Nuances Scope: strictly paid media aimed at growth—installs, leads, in-app events. Contrast: 自然量 / 自然流量 = organic traffic. 投放 is broader (“run ads”); 买量 emphasises buying users at scale. Metrics often mentioned with 买量: CPI, CPA, LTV, ROI, ROAS. 4 · Collocations you’ll see * 买量渠道 (ad networks / channels) * 买量素材 (ad creatives) * 买量预算 (UA budget) * 买量优化 (UA optimisation) * 买量团队 (User-Acquisition team) Take-away Use 买量 whenever you talk about paid-media user acquisition for apps, games, or e-commerce. Treat it as a verb phrase for “do paid UA” or as a noun for the cost, team, or channel. It is the standard term in China’s mobile-growth and performance-marketing circles.

Answer 401

换皮 (huàn pí) — “reskin / slap on a new skin” In tech-media circles—especially mobile gaming—换皮 means taking an existing product or code base and replacing only the visual layer (art, UI, theme). The underlying mechanics, logic, and monetisation stay almost unchanged. English equivalent: reskin a game / app. 1 · How it appears in sentences 动词短语 (verb phrase) * 这款新游戏其实是《XX传奇》的换皮版。“This new game is basically a reskin of ‘XX Legends.’” * 我们打算把旧项目换皮做成二次元风格。“We plan to reskin the old project into an anime style.” 名词 (noun) * 换皮游戏 a reskinned game * 换皮产品 a reskinned product * 做换皮 the act of reskinning * 纯做换皮很快，但竞争激烈。“Pure reskins are quick to build, but competition is fierce.” 2 · Nuances you need Speed over innovation: 换皮 is chosen to cut development time and ride trending themes or IP. Often carries a negative tone: hints at low creativity—same core, new coat of paint. Still costs effort: art assets, UI, localisation all need work, but far less than a full rebuild. 3 · Common collocations * 换皮版 (reskin version) * 换皮开发 (reskin development) * 换皮上线 (release a reskin) * 换皮成本 (cost of reskinning) 4 · Illustrative examples 市面上同类型的换皮游戏太多，用户开始审美疲劳。 “There are too many reskinned games of this type in the market; players are getting tired of them.” 公司让美术团队两周内完成全部换皮素材。 “The company asked the art team to finish all reskin assets within two weeks.” 与其不停换皮，不如投入资源做原创玩法。 “Instead of endless reskins, we’d be better off investing in original gameplay.” Take-away Use 换皮 when you want to say a product (usually a game or app) is essentially old code with new graphics or theme. It’s a quick-launch tactic and carries a faint whiff of “same old, new paint.

Answer 402

供应商 (gōng yìng shāng) — supplier / vendor Core meaning A company or individual that provides goods, components, or services to another company. Equivalent to “supplier” or “vendor” in business English. 1 · Grammatical role 供应商 is a noun. Treat it like “supplier.” 新供应商 “a new supplier” 主要供应商 “primary supplier” 供应商名单 “supplier list” 2 · Typical verb collocations 选择 / 引入供应商 select / bring in suppliers 评估 / 审核供应商 evaluate / audit suppliers 签约 / 合作供应商 sign with / work with suppliers 更换供应商 replace suppliers 3 · Business phrases you’ll see 供应商管理 supplier management 供应商协议 supplier agreement 供应商合同 supplier contract 供应商风险 supplier risk 多元化供应商 supplier diversification 4 · Nuances and contrasts 供应商 vs. 分销商供应商 supplies you; 分销商 distributes your product onward. 厂商 vs. 供应商厂商 stresses the manufacturer identity; 供应商 stresses the supply role (can be manufacturer or trader). 稳定供应商 often implies reliable delivery and quality. 5 · Example sentences 我们需要为新项目挑选合适的供应商。 “We need to select suitable suppliers for the new project.” 为降低风险，公司决定多元化供应商来源。 “To reduce risk, the company decided to diversify supplier sources.” 供应商未能按时交货，导致生产线停工。 “The supplier failed to deliver on time, causing the production line to halt.” 签约前要对供应商进行严格审核。 “Before signing, the supplier must undergo a strict audit.” Take-away Use 供应商 whenever you talk about the entity that provides materials, components, or services to your business. Pair it with verbs like 选择、评估、签约 to describe supplier-management actions, and remember it differs from downstream concepts like 分销商.

Answer 403

对接 (duì jiē) — “to interface; to dock; to connect and coordinate” Core meaning To link, connect, or coordinate two systems, departments, people, or processes so they work together smoothly. It’s used in business, tech, and engineering for making sure “side A” matches up with “side B.” How to use it As a verb: 跟…对接 / 与…对接 = “interface with / coordinate with / connect to” 我负责跟技术团队对接。 “I’m responsible for coordinating with the tech team.” 请把这个需求对接给产品经理。 “Please hand this requirement over to the product manager to connect.” With systems or APIs: 我们的App需要对接微信支付。 “Our app needs to integrate (connect to) WeChat Pay.” 该平台已对接多家第三方服务。 “This platform is already connected with multiple third-party services.” Physical/mechanical meaning: 火箭与空间站成功对接。 “The rocket docked successfully with the space station.” Nuances Focus: Not just physical connection, but also ensuring smooth cooperation, data flow, or process hand-off. Scenes: Tech (API, system integration) Workflows (cross-team, business partners) Engineering (docking, fitting together parts) Tone: Neutral, professional, common in business and tech. Examples 项目启动前，各部门要对接好流程。 “Before the project starts, all departments need to align and coordinate their workflows.” 这个系统能快速对接新渠道。 “This system can quickly connect to new channels.” 他负责对接客户，解决需求。 “He’s in charge of interfacing with clients and handling their requests.” Summary Use 对接 whenever you want to say two sides (people, teams, systems, processes) need to connect, coordinate, or integrate. It’s the go-to word in Chinese for technical or business hand-offs and collaborations.

Answer 404

列表 (liè biǎo) — “list; listing” Core meaning 列表 is the standard, neutral word for a list or listing—an ordered set of items, names, objects, or records, usually presented in a vertical or tabular form. It’s the default word for lists in tech, office, and product contexts. 1 · How to use it As a noun: 用户列表 (user list) 请把所有用户加入列表。 “Please add all users to the list.” 产品列表 (product list) 网站上有完整的产品列表。 “The website has a complete product list.” 列表视图 (list view, in apps/UIs) 可以把表格改成列表视图。 “You can switch the table to list view.” As a verb (rare, usually 生成列表) 生成用户列表 “Generate a user list.” 2 · Common scenes Tech: arrays or lists in programming, lists of records in databases. Business: lists of customers, tasks, suppliers, etc. UI/UX: mobile app pages, admin dashboards, any on-screen scrolling lists. 3 · Slot machine context — 机台列表机台列表 = “slot machine list” In casinos or gaming analytics, it means the listing of all individual slot machines (each as a separate “unit” or “terminal”). Example: 你可以在机台列表中查到每台机器的状态。 “You can check each machine’s status in the slot machine list.” 4 · Nuances 列表 is neutral, slightly formal—good for both code and business use. For hand-written or casual lists, you might also hear 清单 (qīng dān). In coding: 列表 = list/array, often used in Python, data science, or database contexts. 5 · More examples 管理员可以批量导入客户列表。 “Admins can batch import customer lists.” 在数据库中保存所有交易的列表。 “Store a list of all transactions in the database.” 会议议题会提前发在列表里。 “The meeting topics will be sent out in a list beforehand.” Take-away Use 列表 any time you need to refer to a structured set of items—users, products, machines, tasks—especially in business, tech, or UI scenarios. For slots, 机台列表 is the industry-standard way to say “slot machine listing.”

Answer 405

毫 - háo — hair-thin amount indicating extremely tiny measure; slightest bit, fraction, fine bristle. It is also the prefix mili- 毫克，毫米, etc ---------------- 毫无 (háo wú): “not have the slightest” or “completely without” Grammar: * 毫无 + noun (no verb after!) Usage: * For total absence of something abstract (interest, clue, feeling, hope, etc.) Examples: * 毫无兴趣 “no interest at all” not even a little bit * 毫无头绪 “no clue whatsoever” not a little bit * 她对结果毫无担心。“She’s not worried about the result at all.” Not a little -- 毫不 (háo bù): “not at all” or “not in the slightest” Grammar: * 毫不 + adjective / verb Usage: * To say a person “does not do” something at all, or “is not at all” a certain way Examples: * 毫不在意 “not care at all” * 毫不犹豫 “without the slightest hesitation” * 他毫不生气。“He’s not angry at all.” -------------- 丝毫没 (sī háo méi) / 丝毫不 (sī háo bù): “not even the slightest bit” Grammar: * 丝毫没 + verb (not at all, in the past) * 丝毫不 + verb / adjective (not at all, in general or present) Usage: More emphatic, often in written or serious tone Examples: * 他丝毫没动 - “He didn’t move at all.” 她丝毫不担心 - “She’s not the least bit worried.” * 事情发展到现在，我丝毫不后悔 - “At this point, I have no regrets whatsoever.” Summary of difference * 毫无 = “completely without” + noun (no verb after!) * 毫不 = “not at all” + verb/adjective * 丝毫没 / 丝毫不 = “not even the tiniest bit” + verb/adjective (emphatic) In short: * For nouns: use 毫无. * For verbs/adjectives: use 毫不 or 丝毫不. * For extra emphasis, or in the past, use 丝毫没/不.

Answer 406

zhī — to weave threads or materials together to make fabric or create something intricate. ---------------------- 组织 (組織, zǔ zhī) — “organize; organization” 组织 can be both a verb (“to organize; to arrange”) and a noun (“an organization; a group”). As a verb: To arrange, coordinate, or bring people/things together for a purpose. How to use: * 组织活动 “organize an activity” * 老师正在组织学生做游戏。“The teacher is organizing students to play games.” 组织会议 “organize a meeting” * 他负责组织这次会议。 “He’s in charge of organizing the meeting.” 组织材料 “compile/organize materials” 请把资料组织好再发给我。 “Please organize the materials before sending them to me.” As a noun Meaning: A group, association, or structure with members working toward a goal. How to use: 一个国际组织 “an international organization” 非营利组织 “non-profit organization” 组织结构 “organizational structure” 她是这个组织的领导人。 “She is the leader of this organization.” Nuances Verb 组织: emphasizes actively arranging people/resources for a shared activity. Noun 组织: any formal or informal group with some structure or purpose (NGOs, companies, clubs, even criminal groups). Example sentences 这个志愿者组织很有影响力。 “This volunteer organization is very influential.” 我们需要组织一次团队建设活动。 “We need to organize a team-building event.” 组织信息要条理清晰。 “Information should be organized clearly.” 机台列表 (jī tái liè biǎo) in slot machines 机台 = “slot machine (unit/terminal)” 列表 = “list” So 机台列表 means the list of slot machines, usually in a system or dashboard for managing, monitoring, or configuring each slot terminal. In casino/gaming analytics, you may need to 组织机台列表 — “organize the slot machine list” for reporting, maintenance, or operational planning. Take-away Use 组织 as a verb to mean “arrange, coordinate, bring together for a purpose,” and as a noun for “organization” (any group with structure). In gaming, 机台列表 is the slot machine list; organizing it (组织机台列表) is a key operational step.

Answer 407

动画 (dòng huà) Meaning: “Animation” — animated films, series, or shorts (moving images). Examples: 迪士尼动画 (Disney animation) 日本动画 (Japanese animation = anime) Usage: Refers to cartoons, anime, CGI or hand-drawn—anything animated. 漫画 (màn huà) Meaning: “Comics” — graphic stories or art in print or digital, no movement (static images). Examples: 日本漫画 (Japanese manga) 美国漫画 (American comics) Usage: Includes single-panel cartoons, comic strips, manga books—drawn stories, not moving. 动漫 (dòng màn) Meaning: General word covering both 动画 and 漫画; often used to talk about the “animation & comics” culture or industry, especially in China. Examples: 动漫展 (comic & animation convention) 喜欢动漫的年轻人 (young people who like anime & manga) Usage: Usually in marketing, events, or fandom to mean both comics and animation together. Sometimes people say 动漫 when they just mean Japanese animation, but strictly it’s the umbrella term. Common points All three deal with illustrated stories, stylized characters, and youth culture. 日本动画、漫画、动漫 are huge in China; the terms are often used when discussing Japanese pop culture. They overlap in content, art style, and fandom—people who like one usually like the others. Summary 动画 = animation (moving images) 漫画 = comics/manga (static images) 动漫 = both together (animation & comics culture) Tip: When in doubt, use 动漫 for general or mixed animation/comics topics, 动画 for anything moving (anime/cartoons), 漫画 for books/comic strips.

Answer 408

智 - zhì — the ability to think, judge, and solve problems wisely; intelligence, wisdom, cleverness.

Answer 409

智 - zhì — the ability to think, judge, and solve problems wisely; intelligence, wisdom, cleverness. -------- 心智 (xīn zhì) Literal meaning: “mind and will” Core idea: Refers to a person’s overall mental state, mindset, and ability to reason and understand. It covers not just intelligence, but maturity, awareness, judgment, and psychological quality. Usage: 心智成熟 (mentally mature) 心智发展 (mind development, e.g., in children) Examples: 孩子的心智还不够成熟。 “The child’s mind is not mature enough.” 心智健康 (mental health) 智慧 (zhì huì) Literal meaning: “wisdom” Core idea: Means deep, practical understanding and insight—the ability to make good decisions, see the big picture, and find clever solutions, often built from experience. Usage: 拥有智慧 (have wisdom) 生活智慧 (life wisdom) Examples: 她总能用智慧解决问题。 “She can always solve problems with wisdom.” 智慧老人 (a wise old person) 智力 (zhì lì) Literal meaning: “intellectual power” Core idea: Means mental ability or IQ—how well your brain handles logic, memory, calculation, learning speed, etc. (like intelligence in an IQ test). Usage: 智力测验 (IQ test) 智力游戏 (brain game, puzzle) Examples: 他的智力很高。 “His intelligence is very high.” 发展儿童智力 (develop children’s intellect) Common points All three relate to the mind and thinking. 心智 is broadest, covering the whole mind, including psychological health and maturity. 智慧 is about practical, deep understanding (wisdom). 智力 is about pure brainpower or intellectual capacity. Quick guide 心智 = mindset, maturity, full mental state (broadest) 智慧 = wisdom, insight, cleverness (quality of decisions) 智力 = intelligence, mental ability (IQ, cognitive skill) Use each one depending on whether you mean the whole mind, wise judgment, or pure intellectual power!

Answer 410

Core meaning 亦 is a literary or formal synonym of 也 (also). It means “also,” “too,” or “as well.” In modern Chinese, 亦 is used almost only in written, poetic, or classical style, not in daily conversation. 1 · Where you see it Classical or formal writing: 他亦如此。 “He is also like this.” 我亦无他求。 “I also have no other requests.” Poetry, ancient prose, mottos, set phrases: 人生亦如梦。 “Life too is like a dream.” High-level business or marketing copy: 本品美味，亦健康。 “This product is delicious and also healthy.” 2 · Nuances Use 亦 to sound refined, classical, or poetic. Never used in daily speech—use 也 instead. 3 · How to use Always before a verb, adjective, or short predicate. 我亦同意。 “I also agree.” 你亦可以尝试。 “You can also try.” 4 · Contrast with 也也: daily, universal “also/too.” 亦: literary, elegant, never casual. Tip: If you’d say “also” in English and want a fancy or formal feel, try 亦; otherwise, use 也.

Answer 411

感恩 (gǎn ēn) — “to feel grateful; to give thanks” Core meaning 感恩 is a verb meaning to feel and express gratitude, especially for kindness, help, or favors received. It’s a bit more formal and heartfelt than just 谢谢 (“thanks”). 1 · How to use it Verb: 我很感恩你的帮助。 “I’m very grateful for your help.” 他一直感恩父母的养育之恩。 “He has always felt grateful for his parents’ nurturing.” Verb-object (感恩 + 人/事): 我们要感恩生活。 “We should be thankful for life.” 她感恩老师的教导。 “She is grateful for the teacher’s guidance.” 2 · Nuances Deeper than just saying thanks: Implies heartfelt, lasting gratitude, not just politeness. Common in speeches, formal writing, or when talking about life lessons or important help. Can also mean cultivating a grateful mindset (感恩的心 = “a thankful heart”). 3 · Example sentences 感恩有你，一路陪伴。 “Thankful to have you by my side all along.” 逢年过节，我们更要懂得感恩。 “During holidays and festivals, we should especially know how to be grateful.” 他对朋友的支持一直心存感恩。 “He has always felt grateful for his friend’s support.” Take-away Use 感恩 to express sincere, deep gratitude for kindness, help, or life blessings. It’s more formal and emotional than simply saying 谢谢, and is widely used in speeches, writing, and when emphasizing lasting appreciation.

Answer 412

短暂 (短暫, duǎn zàn) — “short; brief; transient” Core meaning 短暂 describes something that lasts only a short time—it is temporary, brief, or fleeting. 1 · How to use it As an adjective: 短暂 + noun 短暂的假期 “a short holiday” 短暂的停留 “a brief stay” 短暂的幸福 “a fleeting happiness” 我的快乐是短暂的。 “My happiness was short-lived.” In a sentence: 我们只有短暂的时间参观博物馆。 “We only have a short time to visit the museum.” 2 · Nuances Describes positive or negative things that end quickly—feelings, experiences, events. Formal and literary—more elegant than simply saying 很短 (very short). Often has a slightly emotional or poetic feel, sometimes hinting at regret or treasuring the moment. 3 · Example sentences 他的生命虽然短暂，却很精彩。 “Though his life was short, it was wonderful.” 这次重逢只是短暂的相聚。 “This reunion was only a brief meeting.” 短暂的失败并不代表最终的结果。 “A short-lived failure doesn’t determine the final outcome.” Take-away Use 短暂 to describe anything that is brief, doesn’t last long, or passes quickly—especially when you want to sound more formal or express emotion about its fleeting nature.

Answer 413

zhǎng — palm of the hand; to control, manage, or be in charge of something. -----

Answer 414

掌控 (zhǎng kòng) — “to control; to be in command of” 掌控 means to firmly control or have something completely in one’s hands—to be in charge, to have full power over a situation, process, or resource. It’s stronger and more formal than just “manage.” 1 · How to use it Verb: 掌控 + object (situation, power, risk, resource) * 他想掌控整个项目 - He wants to control the whole project. * 一切都在我们的掌控之中Everything is under our control. * 你无法掌控别人的想法 - You can’t control what others think. * 掌控风险很重要 - It’s important to control/manage risks. Set phrase: 掌控全局 - Have full command of the overall situation. 2 · Nuances Implies firm, sometimes absolute control—not just everyday management (that would be 管理 or 控制). Common in formal, business, or power-related contexts: leadership, politics, crisis, strategy. Can have a slightly negative or domineering tone if used about people or power (“control freak”). 3 · Example sentences 她有很强的能力来掌控复杂的局面。She is very capable of handling complex situations. 领导人需要掌控全局，及时做出决策 - Leaders need to have command of the big picture and make decisions promptly. 有些事情超出了我们的掌控范围 - Some things are beyond our control. Take-away Use 掌控 when you want to express strong, often total control or command over situations, risks, projects, or resources—especially in formal, strategic, or high-stakes contexts. For softer, everyday management, use 管理 or 控制. --- * 妈妈掌控欲很强

Answer 415

部署 (bù shǔ) — “deploy; arrange; set up” Focus: The act of planning, arranging, or deploying resources, systems, or people. Typical usage: 部署系统 (deploy a system) 部署服务器 (deploy servers) 部署团队 (deploy/arrange a team) Nuance: Emphasizes setting up or allocating resources and responsibilities, often in the early or preparatory stage. Common in IT, military, strategy. 2. 落地 (luò dì) — “land; take root; go live; put into practice” Focus: Turning a plan, strategy, or idea into concrete reality—making something actually happen or go live in the real world. Typical usage: 项目成功落地 (the project was successfully implemented/launched) 新政策落地 (the new policy took effect / was put into practice) 技术落地 (technology applied in the real world) Nuance: Strongly emphasizes “real-world execution” and results (not just theory or discussion). Used a lot in business, product, and government language to mean “go from plan to reality.” 3. 实施 (shí shī) — “implement; carry out; execute” Focus: The process of carrying out a plan, policy, or method step by step. Typical usage: 实施方案 (implement a plan) 实施改革 (carry out reforms) 实施项目 (execute a project) Nuance: Emphasizes the execution process—making sure the planned steps are performed in practice. Often used with detailed plans, policies, or reforms. Summary Table (for quick reference, not copy-paste) 部署 — arrange or deploy resources/systems at the planning/setup stage. 落地 — ensure something “lands” and is put into practice in the real world (outcome-focused). 实施 — execute/implement steps or actions according to a plan (process-focused). Typical scenario example: 先部署团队和资源，再实施具体计划，最终让项目落地，实现效果。 “First deploy the team/resources, then implement the specific plan, and finally ensure the project lands and delivers results.” In short: 部署: setup and allocation 实施: execution and process 落地: real-world launch/result

Answer 416

手头 (手頭, shǒu tóu) — “at hand; on hand; currently in one’s possession or in progress” Core meaning 手头 literally means “at (your) hand.” It describes things you currently have, are working on, or have access to right now—money, tasks, materials, projects, etc. 1 · How to use it 手头 + noun 手头项目 “current project(s)” 手头项目的进展怎么样？ “How is the progress on your current project(s)?” 手头工作 “work at hand / on your plate” 我最近手头工作特别多。 “I have a lot of work on my plate lately.” 手头资料 “materials at hand / available data” 手头 + 有 / 没有 (“have on hand” / “don’t have available”) 我手头有点紧。 “I’m a bit short on cash right now.” (literally, “my money at hand is tight”) 你手头有这份文件吗？ “Do you have this document on hand?” 2 · Nuances Timeframe: Emphasizes what is currently available, ongoing, or being handled. Scope: Can be physical (money, things) or abstract (tasks, projects, information). Tone: Very common, natural in daily life, work, and business. 3 · Example sentences 手头的事情还没做完，等会儿再聊吧。 “I haven’t finished what I’m working on—let’s talk later.” 目前手头只有这些数据，还需要补充。 “Right now, these are the only data I have on hand; more are needed.” 他手头比较宽裕，可以借点钱给你。 “He’s financially comfortable right now; he can lend you some money.” Take-away Use 手头 to talk about anything you currently have, are working on, or can access right now—projects, tasks, money, or materials. It’s the standard, everyday phrase for “at hand” or “currently on your plate.”

Answer 417

销 - 銷 - xiāo — to sell, market, or remove from circulation; also dissolve, melt, or eliminate. 售 - shòu — to sell or offer something for sale in exchange for money. ---------------- 销售 (xiāo shòu) — “sales; to sell” Core meaning Verb: to sell goods or services. Noun: the activity or business of selling; also used for sales volume (number or amount sold). Common usage 作为动词 (as a verb): 我们主要销售电子产品。 “We mainly sell electronics.” 作为名词 (as a noun): 去年我们的销售增长了10%。 “Our sales increased by 10% last year.” Typical phrases 销售额 (sales volume/revenue) 销售人员 (salesperson) 销售渠道 (sales channel) 销售报告 (sales report) 销售策略 (sales strategy) Comparison to other “sales” words 推销 (tuī xiāo) Focuses on “actively promoting or pitching” something, often face-to-face or outbound (like cold calling). 例：他在街上推销保险。 “He’s promoting insurance on the street.” 售卖 (shòu mài) More formal, direct translation of “sell,” seen in notices or signs, less about the business process. 例：此处禁止售卖烟酒。 “No selling of cigarettes or alcohol here.” 贩卖 (fàn mài) Slightly old-fashioned or formal, sometimes negative (resale, trafficking). 例：贩卖人口 (human trafficking), 贩卖二手物品 (reselling second-hand goods). 销售 vs. “Sales” in English 销售 is the closest and most direct equivalent to English “sales” as a business activity or department. Sales department = 销售部 Sales manager = 销售经理 Covers both the action (“to sell”) and the field (“sales as a business function”). Can also mean “sales numbers/volume” (as in “sales hit a record high”). Differences: In some casual situations, “sales” (as in “on sale,” “discount”) is often translated as 促销 (promotion), not 销售. 销售 is broader than just pitching (推销), narrower than just any form of “to sell” (售卖). Example sentences 他的工作是负责产品销售。 “His job is in product sales.” 销售额连续三个月创新高。 “Sales volume has hit new highs for three consecutive months.” 他们在网上销售自家品牌的衣服。 “They sell their own brand of clothes online.” Summary: Use 销售 for almost all business “sales” contexts—people, processes, numbers, or business units. For “promotion/discounts,” use 促销. For outbound/pitching, use 推销. For basic “selling” on signs or rules, use 售卖. 销售 is your default word for “sales” in professional or commercial Chinese.

Answer 418

销 - 銷 - xiāo — to sell, market, or remove from circulation; also dissolve, melt, or eliminate. ----------------------- 促销 (cù xiāo) — “sales promotion; to promote sales” Verb: To organize or carry out activities to boost product sales, usually in the short term. Noun: The promotion campaign or event itself. Always focused on immediate or short-term increase in sales volume. - How to use it --------------------------------- Verb: * 商场正在促销新款手机 - The mall is promoting (the sales of) new smartphones. * 我们下周要促销这款产品 - We’ll be running a promotion for this product next week. Noun: * 本周超市有大促销 - There’s a big sales promotion at the supermarket this week. * 促销活动 - sales promotion activity * 参与促销可以获得赠品 - Participate in the promotion to get a free gift. Typical scenarios Discounts, coupons, buy-one-get-one (BOGO), flash sales, gifts-with-purchase, limited-time offers. Used by supermarkets, e-commerce, and retail brands for boosting sales now, not long-term image. - Comparison with other “promotion” words in Chinese -------------------------------- 促销 (cù xiāo): Most direct, specific word for sales promotions (discounts, special offers, etc.). 推广 (tuī guǎng): Means “to promote” generally—raise awareness, expand influence (long-term, brand-building, can be non-sales). * 例：推广新产品 (promote a new product, not necessarily with a sale) 打折 (dǎ zhé): Specifically means “discount” (to sell at a reduced price). * 例：所有商品打折 (“All items are on sale/discounted”) 宣传 (xuān chuán): To publicize or advertise (focus on communication, not necessarily sales). * 例：产品宣传册 (“product brochure/leaflet”) 营销 (yíng xiāo): Broad “marketing”—the whole strategy of selling and market communication. * 例：数字营销 (“digital marketing”) - Is 促销 a direct translation of “promote sales”? ----------------------------- Yes, but with a focus: 促销 precisely matches “sales promotion” or “run a sales campaign” in English, not the broader “promote” (which could mean 宣传 or 推广). In Chinese, 促销 always implies specific activities to get people to buy now, not just general advertising or brand promotion. Examples for clarity: 超市正在做促销，牛奶买一送一。“The supermarket is running a promotion: buy one, get one free on milk.” 今年“双十一”电商平台的促销活动很火爆。“This year’s Double Eleven sales promotions on e-commerce platforms are booming.” 促销虽然能短期拉动销量，但对品牌长期发展要谨慎。 “Promotions can boost sales in the short term, but be cautious about long-term brand effects.” Take-away: Use 促销 for any short-term, concrete effort to increase sales—discounts, limited offers, or in-store events. It is the most precise Chinese equivalent of “sales promotion” and is not used for general publicity or long-term branding. For “to promote” broadly, use 推广 or 宣传 depending on context.

Answer 419

营销 (營銷, yíng xiāo) — “marketing” Core meaning 营销 is the standard, modern term for “marketing” in Mainland China. It means all the activities and strategies to promote, sell, and create value for products or services—covering everything from advertising and branding to channels, pricing, and user engagement.

Answer 420

推销 (推銷, tuī xiāo) — “to promote; to sell; to pitch (products/services)” Core meaning 推销 means actively promoting and selling a product or service, often by direct interaction: going out, talking to people, making calls, knocking on doors, pitching to clients, etc. How to use it Verb: 他每天推销保险。 “He promotes (sells) insurance every day.” 这个产品很难推销。 “This product is hard to sell/promote.” Verb-object: 推销 + 产品/服务/保险推销新药品 “Promote a new medicine” 推销自己 “Promote oneself” (job market, social scene) People: 推销员 salesperson (esp. direct, face-to-face or over the phone) 电话推销员 telemarketer Nuances & Tone 推销 often suggests direct, active efforts, sometimes even annoyingly so (e.g., cold calls, street pitches, telemarketing). Not limited to special discounts or events—it’s about the act of convincing people to buy, not specific offers. Comparison to “sales promotion” Direct translation? No. 推销 ≠ English “sales promotion.” “Sales promotion” in English often refers to limited-time discounts, coupons, events, or marketing activities to stimulate sales. 推销 focuses on person-to-person selling or pitching—not the discounts or marketing tactics themselves. Chinese words for “sales promotion”: 促销 (促銷, cù xiāo) The true match for “sales promotion.” Refers to all marketing actions to stimulate sales: discounts, limited-time offers, sales events, bundle deals, etc. 超市正在做促销活动。 “The supermarket is running a sales promotion.” 推广 (推广, tuī guǎng) Means “promote” in a broader, non-sales-specific sense—publicity, user acquisition, expanding market presence. 推广新产品 “Promote a new product” (could be ads, social media, partnerships, etc.) 营销 (營銷, yíng xiāo) “Marketing” overall—strategy, branding, sales, customer relationship, etc. Quick summary chart (for your notes, not as a table): 推销: actively pitching or selling, especially direct or in-person. 促销: sales promotion (special deals, events, discounts). 推广: promote (make something known or popular). 营销: marketing (the overall discipline). Sample sentences 我不喜欢被人推销东西。 “I don’t like having products pitched to me.” 这家店最近促销力度很大。 “This shop is running strong sales promotions lately.” 公司正在推广新服务。 “The company is promoting a new service.” Take-away Use 推销 for actively selling/pitching a product, especially face-to-face or over the phone—not for discounts or marketing campaigns. For “sales promotion” (special offers), use 促销. For “promote” in a broad sense, use 推广. For the whole discipline, use 营销.

Answer 421

诗 (詩) (shī) — “poem; poetry” 诗 is the basic Chinese word for “poem” or “verse”. It refers to a single poem, or to poetry as a form of literature. It’s formal and literary, and almost always refers to rhymed, stylized, artistic language. 1 · How to use 诗 As a noun for a single poem: 一首诗 - “a poem” 他写了一首很美的诗。 “He wrote a beautiful poem.” As a mass noun for poetry in general: 我喜欢读诗。“I like to read poetry.” 诗和远方 (poetry and distant lands) - Symbolizes an ideal, poetic life. In set phrases: * 古诗 (ancient poem/classical poetry) * 诗人 (poet) * 诗歌 (poetry; more general, see below) 2 · Is 诗 a direct translation of “poem” and “poetry”? Poem: 诗 is the exact equivalent for “poem”—a single, written piece. Poetry (as a genre or body of poems): 诗 can mean “poetry” in a general sense, but 诗歌 (shī gē) is more often used for the art/form or collection of poems. For a “poetic feeling” or “poetic atmosphere,” Chinese uses 诗意 (shī yì). In academic or very formal contexts, 诗 can also refer to the genre as a whole (like in English: “He studies Tang dynasty 诗”). 3 · Other Chinese words related to poetry 诗歌 (shī gē): Broader and more formal; refers to poetry as a literary genre, or to collections of poems (ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign). 现代诗歌 (modern poetry), 世界诗歌 (world poetry). 诗篇 (shī piān): Means “poem” or “poetic piece,” usually longer or more grand. 一篇诗 (a poem, often a more significant or classic work). 诗词 (shī cí): Refers specifically to traditional Chinese poems: 诗 (shi) are regulated verse, 词 (ci) are lyrics/lyric poetry with set tunes. 诗意 (shī yì): “Poetic feeling” or “poetic mood.” Not a poem, but the sense or quality of poetry. 4 · Examples 他最喜欢唐诗。 “He loves Tang poetry the most.” 她的生活充满了诗意。 “Her life is full of poetry (poetic feeling).” 这本书收录了100首世界诗歌。 “This book collects 100 poems from around the world.” 5 · Summary & comparison Use 诗 for “poem” (a single piece), and sometimes for “poetry” (the art). Use 诗歌 for “poetry” as a genre or a collection. Use 诗篇 for grand/classic poems. Use 诗意 for a “poetic” mood or atmosphere. Bottom line: 诗 = poem (exact); poetry (general, sometimes). 诗歌 = poetry (genre, collection). 诗篇 = poem (grand, classic). 诗意 = poetic feeling. In most practical cases, 诗 is the direct translation for “poem,” and with context, often covers “poetry,” but for the genre or academic sense, 诗歌 is best.

Answer 422

藏: cáng = to hide or store (action, verb) zàng = a storage place, repository, or “Tibet” (thing, noun) ---------------- 收藏 (shōu cáng) — “to collect; collection; to bookmark/save” 收藏 means to collect, save, or store items of personal value, often for appreciation, preservation, or future enjoyment. It can be both a verb (“to collect, to save”) and a noun (“a collection, something collected”). 1 · How to use it As a verb: * 我喜欢收藏邮票 - “I like to collect stamps.” * 你可以把这篇文章收藏起来 - “You can bookmark (save) this article.” As a noun: * 他的收藏很丰富 - “His collection is very rich/varied.” * 这里展示的是她的古董收藏。“What’s on display here is her antique collection.” In digital life: * 收藏夹 “favorites” or “bookmarks folder” * 添加到收藏 “add to favorites/bookmarks” 2 · Is 收藏 a direct translation of “collect/collection”? Very close, but with differences: 收藏 emphasizes personal value, appreciation, or intentional saving (often with care or love for the items). For things like hobbies, antiques, art, digital bookmarks, or treasured objects, 收藏 is the right word. It’s less about gathering random things in bulk (see below). 3 · How 收藏 compares to other “collect/collection” words 收集 (shōu jí): Means “to gather, accumulate, or assemble things” (focuses on the act, not on value or display). Example: * 收集数据 (collect data) * 收集瓶盖 (collect bottle caps) Used for both hobby collecting and practical data gathering. 采集 (cǎi jí): Means “to gather, harvest, or pick up from nature or sources” (often scientific or technical). Example: * 采集样本 (collect samples) Not used for hobby collections. 聚集 (jù jí): Means “to gather people/things together” (not about collections, more about physical gathering). Example: * 人群聚集 (a crowd gathers) -- 4 · Typical situations for 收藏 Art, antiques, stamps, coins, books, favorite links or articles, music playlists—anything with appreciation or personal value. Not used for collecting taxes, debts, trash, or data—use 收集 or other specific verbs. --- 5 · Example sentences * 这幅画是我的珍贵收藏之一。“This painting is one of my precious collections.” * 我把喜欢的图片都收藏在手机里。“I save all the pictures I like on my phone.” * 你要收藏这个网页吗？“Do you want to bookmark this web page?” Take-away Use 收藏 for collecting and saving items you value (art, antiques, bookmarks, treasures). It’s a near-direct translation of “collect/collection” for personal and appreciated items, but not for bulk gathering, scientific collection, or practical accumulation—use 收集 or 采集 for those.

Answer 423

隐 - yǐn — to hide, conceal, make invisible, or keep something secret or out of sight. 藏: cáng = to hide or store (action, verb) zàng = a storage place, repository, or “Tibet” (thing, noun) ---------------- 隐藏 (隱藏, yǐn cáng) — “hide; conceal” To make something (physically or abstractly) not easily seen, found, or noticed. Applies to people, things, information, feelings, etc. -- 1 · Is it a direct translation of “hide; conceal”? Yes: 隐藏 is the most direct and standard translation for both “hide” and “conceal” in English, especially in formal or written language. Nuance: 隐藏 usually focuses on making something not visible or not obvious—can be for physical objects or for things like truth, feelings, information. -- 2 · How to use it Verb + object * 隐藏身份 “hide one’s identity” * 隐藏真相 “conceal the truth” * 把文件隐藏起来 “hide the file away” Passive or result * 这个文件被隐藏了。“This file is hidden.” -- 3 · Example sentences * 他试图隐藏自己的情感。 “He tried to hide his feelings.” * 程序里有个隐藏的功能。 “There’s a hidden feature in the program.” * 罪犯成功地隐藏了证据。 “The criminal successfully concealed the evidence.” 4 · Comparison to other “hide” words 藏 (cáng) - Very basic word for “to hide,” often for physical things. More daily and direct. Examples: 把钱藏起来。“Hide the money.” 他把礼物藏在床下。 “He hid the gift under the bed.” Not as formal or abstract as 隐藏. 遮掩 (zhē yǎn) Means to cover up, mask, or obscure (often partially). Focuses on using something to cover, often for feelings, mistakes, or visual blocking. Examples: 用帽子遮掩白发。 “Cover gray hair with a hat.” 试图遮掩自己的错误。 “Tried to cover up one’s mistakes.” Slightly more about “covering over” than “making disappear.” Summary and usage tips Use 隐藏 for both physical and abstract “conceal/hide” in formal, written, or technical contexts. Use 藏 for daily, basic “hide” actions (money, gifts, etc.). Use 遮掩 for “cover up,” especially for mistakes, emotions, or things that are masked but not fully hidden. Take-away 隐藏 is your all-purpose, slightly formal “hide/conceal,” good for both things and information. For daily “stashing,” pick 藏; for masking or covering, pick 遮掩.

Answer 424

藏 (cáng) — “to hide; to conceal; to store” Core meaning As a verb, 藏 means to put something out of sight so others can’t find it. It covers both “hide” (putting away) and “conceal” (making something not easily seen). 1 · How to use it Verb + object 藏东西 “to hide things” 他把钱藏在抽屉里。 “He hid the money in the drawer.” 藏起来 “to hide (oneself/itself)” 小猫藏起来了。 “The kitten hid itself.” Verb alone (intransitive) 有人藏在门后。 “Someone is hiding behind the door.” Noun meaning (藏品, 藏书, etc.) — not your focus here, but note that 藏 can also mean “collection/storage” (as in 书藏 “book collection”). 2 · Nuance vs. English “hide; conceal” Very close to “hide; conceal” as direct action. Implies physically or intentionally making something not seen. Can be used for both things and people hiding, as well as for abstract “hidden” feelings (but for “conceal feelings,” you’ll more often see another verb—see below). 3 · Comparison with other Chinese words for “hide/conceal” A. 躲 (duǒ) Focus: hide oneself (from danger, trouble, or people) Often for people or animals, not objects. Example: 小狗躲在沙发后面。 “The puppy is hiding behind the sofa.” B. 隐藏 (yǐn cáng) Focus: conceal, keep secret, hide abstractly or deeply More formal, often for secrets, intentions, information. Example: 他隐藏了自己的真实感受。 “He concealed his true feelings.” 隐藏按钮 “hidden button” (in UI) 4 · Quick comparison 藏 = hide/conceal, physical or simple, most direct and general. 躲 = hide oneself, often for safety, from people or attention. 隐藏 = conceal, often abstract, formal or secretive, or in technical writing. 5 · More examples with 藏小偷把赃物藏在床底下。 “The thief hid the stolen goods under the bed.” 你是不是在藏什么？ “Are you hiding something?” 雪地里藏着一只白兔。 “There’s a white rabbit hidden in the snow.” Summary 藏 is the standard, physical word for “hide” or “conceal”—natural for both people and things. For “hiding oneself,” especially to avoid danger, use 躲. For abstract or deeper “concealment,” use 隐藏. 藏 can be used for “hide” in most everyday cases and is a safe, direct choice.

Answer 425

赶 (趕) - gǎn3 — to rush, hurry, chase after, catch up with, or drive (people, animals) forward. ------------------- Warning: 赶快 carries a clear sense of urgency and push, and can sound bossy if not softened—especially in non-urgent or formal situations. Use it for real urgency or with people close to you; for softer requests, switch to 马上 or 尽快. ---- 赶快 (趕快, gǎn kuài) — “right away; quickly; hurry up and” Core meaning 赶快 is an adverb urging someone to do something without delay, right now, and as fast as possible. It emphasizes speed plus urgency. 1 · How to use it alone Usually placed before a verb: 赶快走！ “Hurry up and go!” 赶快决定！ “Decide right away!” 赶快回家吧。 “Go home right now.” 医生让我们赶快送他去医院。 “The doctor told us to take him to the hospital at once.” As a command (often by itself): 赶快！ “Hurry up!” / “Right now!” (Can stand alone as a strong prompt.) 2 · Comparison with “at once; immediately” in English 赶快 usually matches “at once,” “immediately,” “right away,” or “hurry up and…” Subtle difference: 赶快 often includes a sense of urgency and motion (“go do it, fast!”), while “immediately” can be more neutral. Example: 老师说：“赶快交作业！” “Hand in your homework now!” (hurry, urgency) 3 · Comparison with other “immediately” words in Chinese 1. 立刻 (lì kè) Very close to “immediately/at once.” Slightly more formal and neutral than 赶快. Example: 请立刻回复。 “Please reply at once.” (polite, business, or written tone) 2. 马上 (馬上, mǎ shàng) Most common for “right away,” “immediately.” Neutral, works for all situations (spoken, written). Example: 我马上回来。 “I’ll be back right away.” Note: 马上 does not always have the “hurry up!” emotional push of 赶快. 4 · Quick summary of difference 赶快: Urges speed and action (like “Hurry up and…”) Strongest emotional push, often imperative. 立刻: More neutral, often written, pure “immediately.” 马上: Everyday “at once” or “right away,” fits most situations. 5 · More 赶快 examples 孩子摔倒了，赶快去看看！ “The kid fell down—go check right now!” 天快黑了，我们赶快走吧。 “It’s getting dark, let’s go quickly.” 赶快！别迟到！ “Hurry! Don’t be late!” Take-away: Use 赶快 to urge fast action with a sense of urgency or alarm—perfect for emergencies or strong instructions. For more neutral or formal contexts, prefer 立刻 or 马上. -----

Answer 426

片 (piàn) means “film” or “movie”; used after most genres: 动作片、爱情片、动画片. 剧 - jù — drama, play, or theatrical performance; also intense, severe, or extreme in degree. ------------------------- 1. Comedy Chinese: 喜剧 (xǐ jù) Meaning: Movies designed to make you laugh; focus on humor and funny situations. Example: 喜剧电影 (“comedy film”) 2. Drama Chinese: 剧情片 (jù qíng piàn) or 剧情电影 (jù qíng diàn yǐng) Meaning: Serious stories with realistic characters and emotions, often about life struggles or relationships. Note: Sometimes also called “drama film.” 3. Action Chinese: 动作片 (dòng zuò piàn) Meaning: Movies with lots of fights, stunts, chases, and physical activity. 4. Romance Chinese: 爱情片 (ài qíng piàn) Meaning: Stories about love and relationships. 5. Thriller / Suspense Chinese: 惊悚片 (jīng sǒng piàn) or 悬疑片 (xuán yí piàn) Meaning: Movies designed to keep you nervous, excited, or guessing—full of suspense or surprises. 惊悚片 = more about thrills and scares; 悬疑片 = more about mystery and “whodunit” plots. 6. Horror Chinese: 恐怖片 (kǒng bù piàn) Meaning: Movies meant to scare or shock you, often with supernatural or violent themes. 7. Science Fiction Chinese: 科幻片 (kē huàn piàn) Meaning: Movies about imagined futures, technology, space, or science-based fantasy. 8. Fantasy Chinese: 奇幻片 (qí huàn piàn) Meaning: Movies set in imaginary worlds with magic or supernatural elements. 9. Animation Chinese: 动画片 (dòng huà piàn) Meaning: Movies made with drawn, computer, or stop-motion animation. 10. Documentary Chinese: 纪录片 (jì lù piàn) Meaning: Non-fiction films that show real events, people, or facts. 11. Musical Chinese: 音乐剧 / 歌舞片 (yīn yuè jù / gē wǔ piàn) Meaning: Movies where songs and dances are a major part of the story. 12. Tragedy Chinese: 悲剧 (bēi jù) Meaning: Movies with sad stories or unhappy endings.

Answer 427

熟悉 as a verb most often means “to be familiar with” (to already know something well), not “to familiarize oneself with” (the process of getting to know). 熟悉 (verb) = “to know well” / “to be familiar with” 我很熟悉这个系统。 “I am very familiar with this system.” 他熟悉这里的环境。 “He knows this environment well.” If you want to express “familiarize (yourself) with…” (the process of becoming familiar), use 熟悉一下 or 去熟悉 for a casual sense, or more formally: 了解 (liǎo jiě) = “to get to know / become acquainted with” 适应 (shì yìng) = “to adapt to” (if emphasizing adaptation) Examples: 你可以先熟悉一下新系统。 “You can get familiar with the new system first.” 请花点时间去了解这个流程。 “Please spend some time to familiarize yourself with this process.” Summary: 熟悉 (verb) = “to be familiar with (already)” To express “familiarize (yourself) with…” use 熟悉一下, 去熟悉, or 了解, depending on the tone you want.

Answer 428

验 - yàn : Emphasizes testing/verification by inspection or practical check (e.g., 体验, 检验). 检: Emphasizes inspection/examination for correctness (e.g., 检查, 检测). 查: Emphasizes checking/investigation or look into details or facts. (e.g., 查询, 调查). ----- 验收 — “inspection and acceptance; acceptance check” -- 验收 is a formal process of inspecting and accepting something (goods, work, projects, software, etc.) after delivery or completion, to make sure it meets the agreed standards or requirements. -- 1 · How to use it Verb: * 交货后我们会进行验收。“We will carry out an inspection and acceptance after delivery.” * 项目建成后需要验收。“The project needs to be inspected and accepted after completion.” Noun (often as 进行验收): * 产品验收 “product acceptance inspection” * 工程验收 “project inspection/acceptance” * 验收标准 “acceptance criteria” 2 · Nuances Not just “check” but “check AND accept/reject” — it is a formal step before final approval or payment. Used in business, construction, manufacturing, IT, procurement, and quality control. Implies a procedure: check → accept/reject → sign off or return. 3 · Example sentences 所有设备到厂后需经严格验收。 “All equipment must undergo strict inspection and acceptance after arriving at the factory.” 只有通过验收，才能进入下一阶段。 “Only after passing acceptance can we proceed to the next stage.” 4 · Is 验收 a direct translation of “Check upon delivery”? Similar but not always identical. 验收 covers “check upon delivery,” but is broader: It can also mean final inspection after completion (not just at delivery). Implies a formal record, possible rejection or rework. “Check upon delivery” in English can sometimes be less formal or only about “counting and confirming,” not acceptance or sign-off. 5 · Comparison with two related Chinese terms 验货 (yàn huò) “Inspect goods” — used for checking physical goods at delivery, usually quantity and condition. Example: 收到包裹请及时验货。 “Please inspect the goods upon receiving the package.” Scope: Focuses on physical items/goods, less formal than 验收. 查收 (chá shōu) “Check and receive” — used for acknowledging receipt and confirming nothing is missing or damaged. Example: 请查收您的快递。 “Please check and receive your delivery.” Scope: More casual, usually means just “check and sign for receipt,” not formal acceptance. Summary 验收 = formal inspection and acceptance (goods, projects, work, etc.), often a legal or contractual step. It is broader and more formal than “check upon delivery.” 验货 = check goods, 查收 = check and receive; both are less formal and focus mainly on delivery, not full acceptance. Use 验收 for official, sign-off style acceptance; 验货/查收 for quick checks of delivered items. ---- In our company 王哥： trip新包打点验收: “Inspection and acceptance of the event-tracking tags in the new ‘trip’ package/build.” Describes the process or task of verifying whether all necessary event tags (打点) in the new “trip” app package have been set up correctly—and then formally accepting (验收) this work before release or next steps. In this sentence, 验收 means the formal review and acceptance of event-tagging work for the new “trip” package/build. Only if all tags are correct and complete does the package “pass” 验收.

Answer 429

pào - Cannon, artillery, firecracker - Military, celebrations - 放炮、炮弹、大炮 bāo - Fry then stew (cook); concoct - Cooking, figurative - 炮制 ------------------------------------- 鞭炮 (鞭砲) - Firecrackers

Answer 430

tàn4 — to explore, search, probe, investigate, or try to discover something unknown or hidden. -------------------- 探讨 (tàn4 tǎo3) — “to discuss; to explore; to examine” 1 · Core meaning 探讨 means to discuss a topic deeply, explore an issue, or examine a problem /!\ often in a thoughtful, open-minded way /!\ usually with others. It’s not just asking questions or looking for facts; it’s analyzing, exchanging views, or brainstorming possible answers/solutions. If you want to precisely capture the Western “brainstorm” (rapid, creative idea session), use 头脑风暴 or 集思广益. If you want “in-depth discussion or exploration,” use 探讨. -------------- 2 · How to use it Verb + object: * 探讨问题 explore/discuss a problem” * 探讨原因 “examine the reasons” * 探讨方法 “discuss/explore methods” In a sentence: * 我们今天来探讨一下这个现象 - “Today let’s explore/discuss this phenomenon.” * 会议将探讨人工智能的未来发展 “The meeting will discuss/explore the future of AI.” Formal and neutral: Common in academia, business, and professional settings. 3 · Nuances Collaborative: 探讨 often involves back-and-forth, not just a solo action. Depth: Implies some analysis, not a quick yes/no or basic info. Not only about problems: Can explore concepts, trends, solutions, and more. 4 · Is 探讨 a direct translation of "inquire/investigate"? No, it’s not a direct translation: Inquire (询问 xún wèn, 打听 dǎ tīng): means to ask for information, usually specific facts, in daily talk or at work. Investigate (调查 diào chá): means to systematically examine, gather evidence, and find the truth (more formal, for research or police work). 探讨 sits between these: it’s about in-depth discussion or exploration of ideas, not just asking or fact-finding. 5 · Comparison with other “inquire/investigate” words 询问 (xún wèn): Means to ask or inquire (for facts or info). Example: 询问路况 (“ask about road conditions”) Not about deep analysis or group discussion. 调查 (diào chá): Means to investigate or survey (systematic search for truth/evidence). Example: 警方正在调查案件。 “Police are investigating the case.” More formal, often for research or legal work. 探讨 (tàn tǎo): Means to explore or discuss a topic in depth. Example: 我们需要探讨这个方案的可行性。 “We need to discuss/explore the feasibility of this plan.” Focuses on analysis and exchange of views. 6 · Example sentences 这次论坛将探讨全球变暖的影响。 “This forum will explore the impacts of global warming.” 老师带领大家探讨人生的意义。 “The teacher led everyone to discuss the meaning of life.” 我们可以一起探讨解决这个难题的方法。 “We can explore ways to solve this problem together.” Summary Use 探讨 when you mean to have an in-depth, thoughtful discussion or exploration of an issue—often in a group, often open-ended. It is not the same as simply “inquire” (询问) or “investigate” (调查), which are about seeking specific info or uncovering facts. 探讨 = discuss/explore deeply; 询问 = ask/inquire for facts; 调查 = formally investigate or research.

Answer 431

探: tàn4 — to explore, search, probe, investigate, or try to discover something unknown or hidden. 侦偵: zhēn1 — to investigate, detect, scout, or conduct reconnaissance, especially in secret or for gathering information. --------------------- 侦探 (偵探, zhēn tàn): 侦探 — “detective” (main meaning and usage) Core meaning: 侦探 means detective—a person who investigates and solves mysteries, crimes, or hidden facts. This can refer to a professional (like a private detective or police investigator) or a character in stories. 1. How to use it As a noun: 他想当一名侦探。 “He wants to be a detective.” 这部小说的主角是一位著名侦探。 “The main character of this novel is a famous detective.” As a profession or role: 侦探小说 “detective novel” 私人侦探 “private detective/private investigator” 名侦探柯南 “Detective Conan” (famous Japanese cartoon title) 2. Nuances Very close to the English “detective” and is the default translation, especially for private detectives or literary detectives (like Sherlock Holmes). Can refer to both professional and amateur detectives, real or fictional. In daily life, calling someone 侦探 can also mean “you’re good at investigating/digging things out,” often with a playful tone. 3. Comparison to other Chinese words for “detective” A. 侦探 (zhēn tàn): Most general and widely used for “detective.” Applies to novels, private investigators, and fiction. B. 刑警 (xíng jǐng): Short for “刑事警察,” meaning “criminal police” or “detective officer.” Only refers to official police officers who investigate crimes—not private or storybook detectives. 他是一名刑警。 “He is a criminal investigator (detective police).” C. 侦查员 (zhēn chá yuán): Literally “investigation officer/member.” Used more in official or bureaucratic language, especially for those involved in public security, police, or military investigations. 警方派出侦查员调查案件。 “The police sent investigation officers to look into the case.” 4. Would 侦探 be a direct translation for “detective”? Yes, for most contexts. 侦探 matches “detective” almost one-to-one, especially for private or storybook cases. For a police detective (official role), 刑警 is more accurate. 5. More examples 她像个侦探一样调查同事的秘密。 “She investigated her colleagues’ secrets like a detective.” 我喜欢看侦探片。 “I like watching detective films.” Take-away: Use 侦探 as the standard Chinese word for “detective,” especially for private, story, or general situations. For police detectives, use 刑警; for official investigators, 侦查员. In most contexts, 侦探 is a direct and precise translation for “detective.”

Answer 432

录/錄 - lù4 — to record, register, copy, or make a written/audio/video record of something. ----- 录取 (錄取, lù qǔ): 录取 — “to admit; to accept (after selection)” 录取 is a formal verb meaning “to accept (someone) into a school, program, or job after passing an exam, test, or selection process.” It’s commonly used for university admissions, school entrance, or hiring. - How to use 录取 Verb with a direct object: * 学校录取了五百名新生 - “The school admitted 500 new students.” * 他被北京大学录取了 - “He was admitted to Peking University.” Subject can be the institution or the passive person: 公司今年只录取三名实习生。“The company will admit only three interns this year.” 我被录取了！ “I’ve been accepted!” Nuances Always involves a selective process—not just registration, but passing tests, interviews, or reviews. Used only for formal acceptance into school, university, training programs, or jobs. Sounds official and results in a clear, positive outcome. Is 录取 a direct translation of “admit into”? 录取 is very close to “admit (someone) into” in academic or formal hiring contexts. E.g. “She was admitted to Harvard” = 她被哈佛大学录取了。 In casual or general “let in” situations (e.g. letting someone into a club or a building), 录取 is not used. Two other words for “admit into” (and the difference) 接纳 (接納, jiē nà) “To accept (into a group, organization, club, or community).” More about social acceptance than a selective process. Example: 俱乐部接纳了十名新会员。 “The club accepted ten new members.” 招生 (zhāo shēng) “To enroll students; to recruit students.” Refers to the process by the institution, not the outcome for the person. Example: 今年学校招生人数减少。 “The school reduced its enrollment this year.” Summary of the difference: 录取: formal, selective acceptance (“admit into” after passing a test or selection). 接纳: social/group acceptance, not necessarily after a test. 招生: the act of recruiting/enrolling (by the institution), not the final “admitted” status. Example sentences 他高考成绩很好，被清华大学录取了。 “His college entrance exam score was great, so he was admitted to Tsinghua University.” 公司收到很多简历，但只录取了三个人。 “The company received many résumés but admitted only three people.” 我收到录取通知书了！ “I got my admission letter!” Take-away Use 录取 for being officially admitted to a school, university, or job after a selective process—just like “admit (into)” in academic or formal job contexts. For joining clubs or general acceptance, use 接纳; for the act of recruiting/enrolling students, use 招生.

Answer 433

放入 (fàng rù): “put into; insert” 放入 means to put something into another thing or place. It is direct, physical, and a bit formal, mostly for concrete actions. 1 · How to use 放入 Verb-object: 放入 + (container/place/space) * 请把文件放入抽屉 - Please put the documents into the drawer. * 把肉放入锅中煮熟 - Put the meat into the pot and cook it.” * 他把钱放入钱包 - He put the money into his wallet. In recipes, instructions, technical writing, formal contexts. 2 · How close to “put into / insert” in English? Very close to “put into.” Can translate “insert,” but only for physical, literal acts (not digital: use 插入 for data, text, USB, etc.). Compared to “put into,” 放入 feels more proper or careful, less casual than 放进. 3 · Comparison with two similar words 放进 (fàng jìn) Very similar, more colloquial/casual. * Everyday talk, both for objects and sometimes people (“go in”). * 把钥匙放进包里 - “Put the key in the bag.” 插入 (chā rù) - “Insert” — for things that fit into a space, slot, or sequence. * Best for cards, USBs, text, code, etc. * 请把卡插入读卡器 - Please insert the card into the reader. * 插入一段文字 - Insert a passage of text. 4 · Quick usage guide Use 放入 for precise, careful, or formal “putting something into” (objects/containers). Use 放进 for everyday, casual “putting in.” Use 插入 for “insert” where the item fits into a slot, sequence, or space (esp. digital, mechanical). Take-away: 放入 is a direct, slightly formal equivalent of “put into,” ideal for physical actions in recipes, instructions, or official speech. For casual or spoken Chinese, use 放进. For the technical/digital “insert,” use 插入.

Answer 434

Key Difference 音乐 = all music, any kind, any method. 声乐 (shēng yuè) = specifically music using the voice (singing), not instruments. “Vocal music”—music performed by the human voice, especially singing. Specifically refers to the study or performance of singing, as opposed to playing instruments. Use: Mostly used in music education, academic contexts, or when distinguishing vocal performance from instrumental. Often appears in conservatory, choir, opera, or music theory settings. Examples: 她主修声乐。 “She majors in vocal music.” 声乐表演 “Vocal performance” 声乐训练 “Vocal training” ---- If you mean music in general, say 音乐. If you mean the art or skill of singing, or want to distinguish vocal music from instrumental, say 声乐.

Answer 435

头像 (tóu xiàng) — profile picture; avatar Meaning: The standard word for a profile image or account picture on apps, social media, forums, and games. Usually refers to a small, static headshot or icon representing a user, but can be a cartoon, real photo, or brand image. Typical uses: 换头像 (change your profile picture), 上传头像 (upload an avatar), 头像很有趣 (the profile pic is interesting). Comparison: 头像 ≈ “avatar” in English, when referring to static images used as profile pics. For 3D/animated avatars: 虚拟形象 (virtual character). For literary/alter-ego sense: 化身. Work context example: 头像赠送AB实验看板 = “dashboard for the A/B experiment on gifting profile pictures.” Here, 头像 means digital profile pics given as perks in an experiment, and the 看板 is used to track experiment results. Takeaway: Use 头像 for any profile or account image in digital platforms. In technical or BI tasks, it refers to the profile picture being tracked, tested, or managed. --- Wechat examples: * 可能是你的头像留胡子的原因 * 头像跟你其他的相片不是很像 * 头像是你吗？ * 你那头像是什么时候拍的 * 我才发现你的头像是海鲜饭

Answer 436

缓 - huǎn — slow down, ease, delay, or make less intense; gentle or gradual in pace. 解 - jiě — to explain, untie, solve, loosen, or understand; remove or separate something. 压 --------------------------- 解压 — “to relieve stress; decompress” Core meaning 解压 means to relieve or release psychological pressure/stress, to “decompress,” or to “unwind.” It is indeed a common short way of saying 缓解压力 (“relieve pressure/stress”). 1 · How to use it Verb (no object or with a method): 我喜欢听音乐解压。 “I like to listen to music to decompress.” 运动是我最好的解压方式。 “Exercise is my best way to relieve stress.” 周末出去走走，解解压。 “Go out on weekends to unwind a bit.” No object needed: 工作压力大，要学会解压。 “Work is stressful—you need to learn to relieve stress.” 2 · Nuances Informal and modern: Very common in daily life, work, or school contexts. Only for mental/psychological stress, not for physical or technical pressure. Can be used for people (relax) or as a label: 解压活动 “stress-relief activity” 3 · Example sentences 你平时怎么解压？ “How do you usually de-stress?” 泡个热水澡很解压。 “Taking a hot bath is very relaxing.” 和朋友聊天能有效解压。 “Chatting with friends is an effective way to relieve stress.” Take-away Use 解压 as an easy, modern verb for “decompress” or “relieve stress,” especially for mental/psychological pressure. It’s short for 缓解压力, and is much more natural in conversation. Don’t use it for physical pressure (like “depressurize a tank”)—that’s not 解压 in this sense.

Answer 437

免得 (miǎn de) Meaning: “So as to avoid,” “otherwise,” “lest”—used to prevent something unwanted from happening. Usage: Used in spoken and written Chinese; tone is conversational and natural. Usually placed before an undesired result or consequence. Suggests a small, practical concern. Structure: …（action/precaution），免得（undesired result）快点走，免得迟到。 “Let’s go quickly so we don’t end up late.” 多穿点衣服，免得着凉。 “Dress warmer so you don’t catch cold.” 以免 (yǐ miǎn) Meaning: “In order to avoid,” “so as to avoid”—to prevent a negative consequence, often more formal or considered. Usage: More formal than 免得; commonly seen in writing, instructions, official speech, work reports. Usually comes after a main action or instruction and before the thing to be avoided. Implies a more serious or official reason. Structure: …（main action），以免（undesired result）请提前到场，以免耽误时间。 “Please arrive early in order to avoid delays.” 保管好贵重物品，以免丢失。 “Take care of valuables to prevent loss.” Key differences 免得: conversational, for daily small worries (“so you don’t…”). 以免: formal, for instructions, safety, official or written language (“in order to avoid…”). Quick tip When talking with friends or in casual speech: 免得 When giving formal advice, instructions, or writing: 以免 Summary Example: 把门关上，免得进小偷。 (spoken: “Shut the door so thieves don’t get in.”) 请随手关门，以免有小偷闯入。 (written/formal: “Please close the door to avoid thieves entering.”)

Answer 438

浸润 (浸潤, jìn rùn) — “to soak; to permeate; to infiltrate” As a verb, 浸润 means to soak, infiltrate, or gradually permeate—something slowly seeps into or spreads throughout another thing, like water into soil or ink into paper. 1 · How to use it (alone) Verb: 雨水浸润了大地。 “The rainwater soaked into the earth.” 油墨已浸润到纸张内部。 “The ink has permeated inside the paper.” Describing gradual influence: 他的思想已经浸润到整个团队。 “His ideas have permeated the whole team.” 传统文化浸润着我们的生活。 “Traditional culture permeates our lives.” 2 · Nuances Gradual, gentle process: Not sudden or forceful, but slow and thorough. Formal/literary: Used more in written or elegant speech, rarely in daily conversation. 3 · For “immersion” in culture/language 浸润 can sometimes be used in a poetic or elegant way to describe being deeply influenced by a culture or language, especially if the process is subtle and gradual. 长时间在国外生活，让我深受当地文化的浸润。 “Living abroad for a long time has deeply immersed me in the local culture.” BUT: For practical, everyday “immersion” (as in language learning), Chinese almost always uses 沉浸 (chén jìn): 沉浸式学习 “immersive learning” 沉浸在英语环境中 “immersed in an English environment” 4 · Example sentences 这片土地被河水长期浸润，变得十分肥沃。 “This land, long soaked by river water, has become very fertile.” 儿时的记忆浸润着他的创作。 “His childhood memories permeate his works.” Take-away Use 浸润 for describing gradual soaking or subtle influence, especially in formal writing. For “language or cultural immersion” in modern, practical contexts, 沉浸 is the more standard and natural term. Use 浸润 only when you want a poetic or literary feel.

Answer 439

限于 (限於, xiàn yú) — “limited to; restricted to” 限于 means to be limited/restricted to a certain range, scope, or group—it’s not broader than this. The subject can only fall within the stated boundary. 1 · How to use it Pattern: 限于 + noun/phrase (the limitation) 讨论限于本班学生 - “The discussion is limited to students in this class.” 本优惠限于周末使用 - “This offer is limited to weekends.” 由于时间有限，报告内容限于主要部分 - “Due to limited time, the report is restricted to the main points.” In a sentence: * 招聘限于应届毕业生。 “Recruitment is limited to fresh graduates.” 2 · Nuances Formal, written style: Common in regulations, instructions, business, or academic contexts. Emphasizes exclusivity: Only applies within the named range—others are excluded. Sometimes used as a phrase in an official announcement or restriction. 3 · Example sentences 参与者限于18岁以上。“Participants are limited to those over 18.” 本次考试限于理科生参加。 “This exam is limited to science students.” 讨论的话题限于经济领域。 “The discussion topics are restricted to economics.” Take-away Use 限于 when you want to formally state that something can only include, apply to, or be within a specific scope or group, with everything else excluded. It’s your go-to phrase for “limited to” in Chinese official or academic writing.

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