Special Circlulations

Question 1

Where does the bronchial circulation go to

Answer 1

To the lungs (allows the perfusion)
Would start at the aorta

Question 2

Where would the pulmonary circulation go to

Answer 2

The lungs and the heart

Question 3

What vessels would have the anastomoses

Answer 3

Cerebral
Bronchial
Cutaneous

Question 4

What would be special about the pulmonary circulation

Answer 4

Low pressure
Low resistance

Question 5

What is the pressure in the bronchial system equal to

Answer 5

The systemic circulation

Question 6

What is chronic hypoxia

Answer 6

When would have the hypoxic vasoconstriction but would be wide spread
Increased pressure and pulmonary hypertension

Question 7

What are the adaptions of the pulmonary circulation

Answer 7

High branching
Short diffusion distance
High capillary density
Hypoxic vasoconstriction (allowing perfusion to some areas)

Question 8

How does gravity effect the vessels in the lungs

Answer 8

When standing (orthostasis) would have the greater hydrostatic pressure on the basal vessels

Question 9

What happens to the apical capillary’s in diastole

Answer 9

Would be collapsed

Question 10

What happens to the apical capillary’s of the lung in excersise

Answer 10

Would open

Question 11

What are the adaptations of the coronary circulation

Answer 11

High capillary density
Continuous production of NO - allows vasodilation
Reactive hyperaemia (local vasodilation)

Question 12

What type of artery’s would the coronary circulation have

Answer 12

End artery’s and so would not have any anastomoses

Question 13

What is reactive hyperaemia

Answer 13

When would have the productions of the local metabolites
This would then allow the local vasodilation

Question 14

What is special about NO

Answer 14

Would be a vasodilatior

Question 15

What are the adaptions of the cerebral circulation

Answer 15

High basal rate
High capillary density
High oxygen extraction
Short diffusion distance

Question 16

What is the circle of wilis

Answer 16

Anastomoses of the artery’s between the BASAL and INTERNAL CAROTID artery’s

Question 17

What is the cushings reflex of the brains

Answer 17

When have the increase inter-cranial pressure (fluid or a tumour)
Brain would respond
Increased sympathetic stimulation - increased blood flow and pressure

If not would then have cushings triad

Question 18

What is the cushings train

Answer 18

Bradycardia
Systolic hypertension
Irregular respiration

Question 19

What is myogenic auto regulation

Answer 19

Increased blood flow and pressure - vasoconstriction
Decreased blood flow and pressure - vasodilation

Would then maintain the constant blood flow

Question 20

How is the skeletal circulation adapted to deal with the increased work load

Answer 20

Pre-capillary sphincters would close at rest
This would lead to the high vascular tone and the vasoconstriction
So would then deal with the increased work load of the muscles

Question 21

Where else would metabolic hyperaemia happen

Answer 21

The skeletal muscles
(As well as the coronary)

Question 22

What is the metabolic activity of the cutaneous circulation

Answer 22

Low - mainly temp regulation

Question 23

What does the skin have instead of capillary’s

Answer 23

Arteriovenous anastomoses

Question 24

How would the temp regulation of the skin work

Answer 24

Hypothalamus detects
Change in the sympathetic response
Would then allow the vasoconstriction or dilation
Heat contained or released

Question 25

What nervous system do most circulations use

Answer 25

The sympathetic system

Question 26

What is metabolic hyperaemia

Answer 26

When have the high co2
Would the increase the flow and pressure
More oxygen to the tissues

Question 27

What are the factors that would mean that the pulmonary system would be a low resistance system

Answer 27

Wider and shorter capillary’s
Less smooth muscle cells on the arterioles
Capillary’s would run in parallel