Special Diets

Question 1

Health problems associated with a high sugar diet

Answer 1

Over weight/ obesity

Tooth decay

Question 2

Guidelines for reducing sugar in diet

Answer 2

Drunks after instead of drinks sweetened with sugar
Limit sweets honey chocolate and syrup in the diet
Replace high sugar snacks with fresh fruit vegetables seeds and unsalted nuts

Question 3

Low sugar and high sugar food s

Answer 3

A low sugar food contains 5g or less of sugar per 100g. A high sugar food has more than 10g of sugar per 100g

Question 4

Low salt diet

Answer 4

The rda intake for an adult is 6g. Salt can be labelled on foods as salt,sodium, minosodium, or glutamate

Question 5

Effects in high salt intake

Answer 5

High blood pressure
Stroke
Coronary heart disease
Kidney damage

Question 6

Guidelines for reducing salt intake

Answer 6

Reduce the amount of salt you add at the the table and during cooking

Use herbs, spices and pepper to flavour your foods instead of salt

Avoid foods with high salt content such as ancient soups and sauces, stick cubes, ketchup and savoury foods such as crisps popcorn and unsalted nuts

Question 7

Salt rda

Answer 7

A low salt diet has 0.1g of salt or less per 100g if food a high salt diet has 1.5g or more per 100g of food

Question 8

Explain how sugar gives you energy

Answer 8

When you eat sugar you get a quick boost of energy but it does not last long

Question 9

What types of foods can fibre be found in

Answer 9

Only plant food

Question 10

Benefits of a high fibre diet

Answer 10

Fibre soaks up water which makes the food bulky inside the body. This causes muscular movement in the intestine which pushes the food quickly along. Therefore fibre prevents constipation and other bowel disorders

Question 11

Effects of low fibre intake

Answer 11

Constipation
Bowel cancer
Piles

Question 12

What is a high/low fibre diet

Answer 12

A high fibre diet has 6g or more of fibre per 100g of food. A low fibre diet contains less than 0.5g of fibre per 100g of food

Question 13

Guidelines for increasing fibre intake

Answer 13

Choose whole cereals such as brown rice, brown bread, and whole pasta instead of refined cereals
Eat high fibre breakfast cereals
Leave skins on fruit and veg where possible
Choose whole fruits rather than fruit juices

Question 14

What is peristalsis

Answer 14

Pushing movement in muscles

Question 15

What is obesity

Answer 15

Obesity means being 20 % or over the recommended weight for height and build

Question 16

Causes of obesity

Answer 16

Over eating
Lack of exercise : physical exercise is needed to balance energy input with energy output
Eating large portions of high energy food can cause energy imbalance
Poor nutritional knowledge

Question 17

Health problems associated with obesity

Answer 17

Heart disease 
High blood pressure 
Diabetes 
Stroke
Poor self image

Question 18

Guidelines for reducing the risk of obesity

Answer 18

Take regular physical exercise
Drink water rather than drinks sweetened with sugar
Remove visible fat from meat
Grill steam or boil food rather than frying them
Choose low fat dairy products such as low fat milk cheese and yoghurt
Chose high fibre foods such as fresh fruit and vegetables rather than snacking on foods high in fat and sugar

Question 19

Health problems associated with a high fat diet

Answer 19

Obesity
Coronary heart disease
Diabetes

Question 20

Foods with ha high fat content

Answer 20

Butter 
Meat fat 
Margarine
Cakes
Biscuits
Lard 
Cream 
Cheese 
Chocolate
Savoury snacks

Question 21

What is coronary heart disease

Answer 21

Coronary heart disease often occurs when the arteries of the heart become blocked with a substance called cholesterol. Cholesterol is this fatty substance that clings to the walls of the arteries

Question 22

Causes of heart disease

Answer 22

Runs in family
Being overweight
A diet containing a lot of saturated fats 
Lack of exercise
Smoking
Too much alcohol
Stress

Question 23

Guidelines to reducing the risk of coronary heart disease

Answer 23

Avoid smoking
Avoid alcohol
Avoid stress
If heart disease runs in family get regular checkups
Choose low fat spread instead of butter
Choose low fat dairy products such as low fat milk cheese and yoghurt
Grill steam bale or microwave rather than frying
Choose lean meat dish and poultry without the skin instead of fatty meat
Increase the intake of fruit and vegetables in the diet
Cut out fatty foods such as cake and chocolate
Avoid high fat sauces such as cream or cheese sauces

Question 24

What is a vegan

Answer 24

A vegan is a person who lives on just plant foods. He/she does not eat meat,meat products, fish, poultry. They don’t eat eggs or any dairy products

Question 25

What is a lactovegetarian

Answer 25

A lactovegetarian does not eat fish, meat, meat products, poultry. They do eat eggs and dairy products

Question 26

What might be the reasons for choosing a vegetarian diet

Answer 26

``` It's in fashion It's cheaper Ethical reasons -some people think it's wrong to eat animals Religious reasons eg Hinduism It can be heather Peer pressure ```

Question 27

Guidelines for plans a vegetarian diet

Answer 27

InClude textured vegetable protein (tvp) and quorn Use only vegetable stock and vegetable fats Use fortified soya milk for calcium Include pulses and nuts to provide protein Ensure that meals are balanced

Question 28

Vegetarian dishes

Answer 28

(V) = also suitable for vegans Salad ``` Vegetarian burgers (v) Vegetarian curry (v) Omelette ``` ``` Fruit crumble s Fruit salad (v) ```

Question 29

What is Coeliac disease

Answer 29

When someone cannot digest gluten

Question 30

What is gluten q

Answer 30

It's a protein found in wheat,barley,rye and oats

Question 31

What are the symptoms of coeliac disease

Answer 31

``` Diarrhoea Constipation Weight loss Chronic tiredness Anaemia Chronic mouth ulcers Stomach pain and bloating Indigestion. Bone pain Moodiness and depression ```

Question 32

Treatment

Answer 32

Follow a gluten free diet

Question 33

Foods to avoid

Answer 33

All products made from wheat barely and rye Products containing bread crumbs eg sausages and breaded fish May convenience foods such as packet soups and sauces

Question 34

How can you recognise that a food is gluten free

Answer 34

By Looking for the gluten free symbol

Question 35

Meal planning for coeliac a

Answer 35

Gluten is in bread biscuits cakes pasta pizza base and in many manufactured food that contain hidden gluten such as breakfast cereals soups sauces salad Dressings crisps chocolate sweets and ready meals It's best to prepare simple food s that are made form raw ingredients that are naturally gluten free Don't use any ingredients or offer anything if your not sure if it gluten free or not

Question 36

What is diabetes

Answer 36

A person who has diabetes' body cannot cannot use insulin or cannot control the level of sugar in blood

Question 37

What is type 1 diabetes

Answer 37

Insulin dependent diabetes Occurs when insulin is not produced at all in the body. A person with type 1 diabetes must take insulin by either a pump or injections

Question 38

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 38

Non insulin dependent Occurs when the body cannot use the insulin it produces it is linked to being overweight and an be controlled by weight loss and a strict diet

Question 39

Guidelines for controlling diabetes

Answer 39

``` Reach the correct body weight Exercise regularly to balance blood sugar levels Eat regularly and ever miss a meal Eat high fibre carb foods Avoid foods high in sugar ```

Question 40

High fat diet

Answer 40

Low fat diets contains 3G or less of fat per 100g of food and high fat diet contains 20g or more of fat per 1oog of food