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Level 2 - Fitness Instructor > Special Populations > Flashcards

Special Populations Flashcards

1
Q

What are factors that may affect physical fitness?

A
  • Age
  • Gender
  • Physique/body type
  • Diet
  • Fitness level
  • Activity level
  • Illness
  • Drugs
  • Stress
  • Environment such as temperature
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2
Q

What is blood pooling?

A

Occurs when the blood is unable to pump back up to the heart -> pools/collects in legs, ankles, and feet

This can occur due to lack of an effective cool down - due to sudden and abrupt stop of exercise and vigorous contraction of muscles. Meaning that blood pools in lower extremities -> leaving blood without as much pressure to be pumped back to the heart and brain.

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3
Q

Name some key role boundaries for special populations?

A
  • Any medical conditions must be signed off by doctor prior to participation - work with a specialist instructor may be required
  • Apparent healthy individuals with no special conditions can participate with appropriate adaptations
  • To work with any special population on a regular basis requires additional qualifications
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4
Q

Define disability

A

‘An umbrella term covering impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions’ - (WHO)

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5
Q

What is an impairment?

A

A problem in body function or structure

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6
Q

What is an activity limitation?

A

A difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action

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7
Q

What is a participation restriction?

A

A problem experienced by an individual in involvement in life situations

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8
Q

Give examples of 3 types of disabilities

A
  • Wheelchair users
  • Blindness or partial sightedness
  • Deafness or partial hearing
  • Down’s syndrome
  • Stroke
  • Obesity
  • Arthritic conditions
  • Mental health conditions
  • Cancer
  • HIV
  • Limb amputation
  • Fibromyalgia
  • Cerebral palsy
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9
Q

What does the Equality Act (2010) regard?

A

Service providers must anticipate the needs of disabled clients and make reasonable changes to accommodate these

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10
Q

How will exercise selection differ for individuals with a disability?

A

Determined by specific needs

  • Simplify exercise positions
  • Reduce intensity ( lower reps, lower resistance, appropriate range of motion, controlled rate)
  • Modified exercise positions and modalities - individuals with wheelchairs, physical or functional limitations or issues with balance
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11
Q

How may your teaching style vary for individuals with disability?

A

Teaching styles and methods will need to accomodate specific needs

  • Clarity of verbal instructions
  • Clarity of demonstrations - face person, speak clearly
  • Appropriate engagement and encouragement
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12
Q

What health and safety aspects may be considered when training with an individual with a disability?

A
  • Consideration to entry and access of facilities
  • Safe evacuation procedures in emergencies
  • Respect for other legislation - safeguarding etc.
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13
Q

What guidelines should be considered when training young people?

A
  • Growth-related issues
  • Flexibility
  • Stage of anatomical and physiological development
  • Suitability of equipment
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14
Q

What may be avoided to prevent growth-related issues?

A
  • Excessive training - too much of one sport
  • Playing the wrong sport for their body type
  • Using weights that are too heavy during resistance training
  • Inappropriate size matching in pairs
  • Excessive stationary high-impact moves
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15
Q

What should we aim to always do to prevent growth-related issues?

A
  • Teach an appropriate warm-up and cool-down
  • Provide appropriate equipment for the activity (correct size, weight, etc)
  • Focus on technique before intensity or complexity
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16
Q

What is the importance of stretching for young people?

A

The aim should be to stretch only to the point of mild tension and to avoid overstretching

  • During growth spurts, muscle growth does not keep up with bone growth rates
  • The soft tissue around the joints is already stretched thus risk of injury is increased
17
Q

Why should young people avoid high-intensity training?

A
  • Lower cardiac output and stroke volume
  • Higher heart rate and respiratory rate
  • Lower blood pressure
18
Q

How can young people avoid increased risk of heat stress and dehydration?

A
  • Ensuring adequate hydration (promotes cognitive impairment)
  • Low intensity or varied warm-up
  • Incorporating active rests in between bouts of vigorous activity
19
Q

What are the exercise guidelines for young people?

A

Frequency
Aerobic - everyday
Strength - 3 times a week
Bone strengthening - 3 days a week

Intensity
Moderate to vigorous intensity of aerobic exercise

Time
60 Mins

Type
Cardio - swim, dance, cycle, run, walk
Strength - climbing trees, resistance exercises
Bone strengthening - jump, run, skip, games (such as tennis basketball etc)

20
Q

What are the exercise guidelines for pre and postnatal clients in terms of things to avoid?

A
  • Exercising in the supine position after 16 weeks
  • Prolonged, motionless standing
  • Heavy, uncontrolled, isometric or prolonged resistance work above the head
  • Led adduction and abduction against resistance
  • Loaded forward flexion
  • Rapid changes of direction, position and uncontrolled twisting
  • Exercise with a risk of falling or abdominal trauma
  • Excessive and uncontrolled de-stabilisation techniques
  • Abdominal exercises (focus on posture and pelvic floor)
21
Q

What are some guidelines for pre and postnatal clients?

A
  • Emphasise correct posture
  • Make movements slower and more controlled, lower reps
  • Use full range of motion mobility exercises to warm up
  • Build up intensity of movements much more gradually to avoid sudden increase to BP
  • Use supported stretch positions and move to a comfortable range of motion
  • Use ow to moderate intensity and low impact
  • Maintain adequate hydration
  • Avoid exercise when hot/humid
  • Include exercises for pelvic floor muscles
22
Q

What should we consider about physical activity in regards to older adults?

A
  • Reduced muscular strength and endurance
  • Reduced co-ordination & movement speed
  • Reduced flexibility and range of motion
  • Reduced balance, co-ordination and postural stability
  • Bones less resilient to stress and more susceptible to fracture
  • Stiffer, less mobile joints and reduced shock absorption
  • Lower MHR and THR and lower anaerobic threshold
  • Slower recovery rate
23
Q

What are some guidelines for young adults when participating in physical activity?

A
  • Longer, more gradual warm-up and cool down.
  • More mobility exercises
  • Sower, controlled simpler movements
  • Focus on posture and correct technique
  • Lower impact and intensity
  • Longer, more gradually tapared cool-down after aerobic training component
  • More time for transitions - floor to stand etc
  • Avoid extreme spinal flexion
  • Strengthen postural muscles, pelvic floor and potential fracture sites.

Level 2 - Fitness Instructor (7 decks)

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