Special senses Pt. 1

Question 1

general senses of touch (3)

Answer 1

Temperature
Pressure
Pain

Question 2

Special senses (5)

Answer 2

Smell
Taste
Sight
Hearing
Equilibrium

Question 3

___ percent of all sensory receptors are
in the ___

Answer 3

70; eyes

Question 4

Protection for the eye (2)

Answer 4

 Most of the eye is enclosed in a bony orbit
A cushion of fat surrounds most of the eye

Question 5

Accessory Structures of the Eye (9)

Answer 5

eyelids
eyelash
meibomian glands
ciliary glands
conjunctiva
lacrimal apparatus (lacrimal gland and canals)
lacrimal sac
nasolacrimal duct

Question 6

modified sebaceous
glands produce an oily secretion to lubricate
the eye

Answer 6

meibomian glands

Question 7

– modified sweat glands
between the eyelashes

Answer 7

Ciliary glands

Question 8

Membrane that
lines the eyelids; Connects to the surface of the eye; Secretes mucus
to lubricate the eye

Answer 8

conjunctiva

Question 9

produces lacrimal fluid

Answer 9

Lacrimal gland –

Question 10

drains lacrimal fluid from eyes

Answer 10

lacrimal canals

Question 11

provides passage of lacrimal fluid towards nasal cavity

Answer 11

lacrimal sac

Question 12

empties lacrimal fluid into the nasal cavity

Answer 12

nasolacrimal duct

Question 13

Function of the Lacrimal Apparatus

Answer 13

Protects, moistens, and lubricates the
eye
 Empties into the nasal cavity

Question 14

Properties of lacrimal fluid

Answer 14

Dilute salt solution (tears)
Contains antibodies and lysozyme

Question 15

Muscles attach to the outer surface of the eye

Answer 15

Extrinsic (External) Eye Muscles

Question 16

Produce gross eye movements and make it
possible to follow moving objects

Answer 16

Extrinsic (External) Eye Muscles

Question 17

the ____is composed of three tunics – coats
while the interior is filled with fluids called ___

Answer 17

eye wall; humors

Question 18

three tunics:

outside layer - __
middle layer - __
inside layer - ____

Answer 18

outside= fibrous tunic (sclera)
middle= choroid
inside= sensory tunic

Question 19

fibrous tunic (2)

Answer 19

sclera
cornea

Question 20

White connective tissue layer
Seen anteriorly as the “white of the eye”

Answer 20

Sclera

Question 21

Transparent, central anterior portion; Allows for light to pass through; Repairs itself easily

Answer 21

cornea

Question 22

The only human tissue that can be transplanted
without fear of rejection – no blood vessels

Answer 22

cornea

Question 23

Blood-rich nutritive tunic; Dark pigment prevents light from scattering
inside the eye

Answer 23

Choroid Layer

Question 24

the choroid layer is Modified interiorly into two structures

Answer 24

ciliary body
iris

Question 25

– smooth muscle to which the lends is attached

Answer 25

Ciliary body

Question 26

Pigmented layer that gives eye color

Answer 26

Iris

Question 27

– rounded opening in the iris for light to enter

Answer 27

Pupil

Question 28

Contains receptor cells (photoreceptors)

Answer 28

Sensory Tunic (Retina)

Question 29

photoreceptors in retina

Answer 29

rods cone

Question 30

signals pass from photoreceptors via a two-neuron chain

Answer 30

bipolar neurons ganglion cells

Question 31

Signals leave the retina toward the brain through the ___

Answer 31

optic nerve

Question 32

 Most are found towards the edges of the retina; Allow dim light vision and peripheral vision; Perception is all in gray tone

Answer 32

Rods

Question 33

Allow for detailed color vision in bright light Densest in the center of the retina

Answer 33

cones

Question 34

– area of the retina with only cones-- lateral to each blind spot

Answer 34

Fovea centralis

Question 35

No photoreceptor cells are at the __ or ___ – where the optic nerve leaves the eyebal

Answer 35

optic disk, or blind spot

Question 36

three types of cones and their wavelengths

Answer 36

blue cones- 420 mm green cones 530 mm red cones 560

Question 37

is the result of lack of one cone type

Answer 37

Color blindness

Question 38

Impulses received at the same time are interpreted as __

Answer 38

intermediate colors

Question 39

Biconvex crystal-like structure; Held in place by a suspensory ligament attached to the ciliary body

Answer 39

lens

Question 40

Internal Eye Chamber Fluid

Answer 40

Aqueous humor Vitreous humor

Question 41

Watery fluid found in chamber between the lens and cornea; Similar to blood plasma

Answer 41

Aqueous humor

Question 42

Helps maintain intraocular pressure; provides nutrients for the lens and cornea

Answer 42

aqueous humor

Question 43

aqueous humor is Reabsorbed into venous blood through the ____

Answer 43

canal of Schlemm

Question 44

Gel-like substance behind the lens; Keeps the eye from collapsing inward by reinforcing it internally; Lasts a lifetime and is not replaced

Answer 44

Vitreous humor

Question 45

form when the lens becomes increasingly hard and opaque over time requiring a transplant or special glasses

Answer 45

Cataracts

Question 46

___results when the drainage of aqueous humor is blocked and pressure within the eye increases dramatically and compresses the delicate retina and optic nerve causing pain and blindness

Answer 46

Glaucoma

Question 47

Light must be focused to a point on the ___ for optimal vision – done by the ___

Answer 47

retina; lens

Question 48

The resting eye is set for distance vision (over ___ ft away)

Answer 48

20

Question 49

The lens must change shape to focus for closer objects – ____

Answer 49

accommodation

Question 50

Images Formed on the Retina

Answer 50

real; reversed left to right; upside down

Question 51

Optic nerve crosses at the ____ to the opposite side

Answer 51

optic chiasma

Question 52

Visual pathway: Fiber tracts that result are the ___

Answer 52

optic tracts

Question 53

____ contains fibers from the lateral side of the eye on the same side and the medial side of the opposite eye

Answer 53

Optic tracts

Question 54

The optic tract fibers synapse with neurons in the thalamus, whose axons form ___

Answer 54

optic radiation

Question 55

eye reflexes: ____muscles are controlled by the autonomic nervous system

Answer 55

Internal

Question 56

Bright light causes pupils to constrict through action of radial and ciliary muscles –

Answer 56

photopupillary reflex

Question 57

Viewing close objects causes accommodation – ___

Answer 57

accommodation pupillary reflex

Question 58

eye reflex: __muscles control eye movement to follow objects

Answer 58

External

Question 59

Viewing close objects causes ___ (eyes moving medially (toward nose))

Answer 59

convergence

Question 60

the ear houses two senses

Answer 60

Hearing Equilibrium (balance)

Question 61

receptors in ear that respond to physical forces

Answer 61

mechanoreceptors

Question 62

The ear is divided into three areas

Answer 62

Outer (external) ear  Middle ear  Inner (internal) ear

Question 63

__ and __ ear structures involved in hearing only while ___ear functions in both equilibrium and hearing

Answer 63

Outer and middle; inner

Question 64

Structures of the external ear

Answer 64

Pinna (auricle)- ear external auditory canal

Question 65

Narrow chamber in the temporal bone  Lined with skin

Answer 65

external auditory canal

Question 66

the external auditory canal have glands that secrete earwax (cerumen)

Answer 66

Ceruminous (wax) glands

Question 67

the external auditory canal Ends at the ___ where sound waves hit and cause vibration

Answer 67

tympanic membrane (eardrum)