Specialisation In Plant Cells

Question 1

Root Hair Cells Help Plants to Take Up ________ and Mineral ______ More Efficiently.

Answer 1

Water…Ions…

Question 2

Root Hair Cells are Relatively Close to the _______ Tissue. The Xylem Tissue Carries Water and Mineral Ions Up into the Rest of the Plant. Mineral ______ are Moved into the Root Hair Cell by __________ Transport.

Answer 2

Xylem…Ions…Active…

Question 3

Three Main Adaptations of Root Hair Cells?

Answer 3

• They Greatly Increase the Surface Area Available for Water to Move Into the Cell.
• They have a Large Permanent Vacuole that Speeds Up the Movement of Water by Osmosis From the Soil Across the Root Hair Cell.
• They have Many Mitochondria that Transfer the Energy Needed For the Active Transport of Mineral Ions into the Root Hair Cells.

Question 4

Adaptations of Photosynthetic Cells?

Answer 4

• They Contain Specialised Green Structures Called Chloroplasts Containing Chlorophyll that Trap the Light Needed for Photosynthesis.
• They’re Usually Positioned in Continuous Layers in the Leaves and Outer Layers of the Stem of a Plant so they Absorb as Much Light as Possible.
• They have a Large Permanent Vacuole that Helps Keep the Cell Rigid as a Result of Osmosis.

Question 5

Xylem is the Transport __________ in Plants that Carries Water and Mineral Ions From the ________ to the Highest Leaves and Shoots.

Answer 5

Tissue…Roots…

Question 6

Adaptations of Xylem Cells?

Answer 6

• Alive when they’re First Formed but a Special Chemical Called Lignin Builds Up in Spirals in the Cell Wall.
• The Spirals and Rings of Lignin in the Xylem Cells Make the, Very Strong and Help Them Withstand Pressure.

Question 7

Phloem is the Specialised Transport Tissue that Carries the Food Made By __________________ Around the Body of the Plant. It is Made Up of Phloem Cells that Form Tubes Rather like Xylem Cells, but Phloem Cells don’t Become _____________ and Die.

Answer 7

Photosynthesis…Lignified…

Question 8

Adaptations of Phloem Cells?

Answer 8

• Cell Walls Between the Cells Break Down to Form Special Sieve Plates. These Allow Water Carrying Dissolved Food to Move Freely Up and Down the Tubes to where it is Needed.
• Phloem Cells Lose a Lot of Their Internal Structures, but they’re Supported by Companion Cells that Help to Keep Them Alive.