Specialised Cells Flashcards
(15 cards)
What are three examples of specialised cells within an animal?
Sperm cells, Egg cells, Ciliated Epithelial cells
What are three examples of specialised cells within a plant?
Root hair cell, Phloem cell, Xylem cell
What is the role of a sperm cell?
To transport the male DNA to the female egg (fertilisation)
How are sperm cells adapted to more successful at for filling their role?
-Acrosome in head stores enzymes for digesting it’s way through the membrane of the egg cell
-nucleus is haploid so when it fuses with the egg it becomes diploid
-lots of mitochondria in middle section to provide energy to swim to egg
-has a long tail to swim to the egg
What is an egg cells role?
To carry the female DNA and to nourish the developing embryo in the early stages
How is the egg cell adapted to its function?
-it contains nutrients in the cells cytoplasm to feed the embryo
-it has a haploid nucleus
-after fertilisation it changes shape so that no more sperm cells can get in. This it to make sure the offspring have the correct amount of DNA.
Where in the body are ciliated epithelia cells and what is their role?
-Epithelial cells line the surface of the organs
-their role is to move substances in one direction along the surface tissue (e.g: ones lining the airways help to shift mucus up to the throat to be swallowed so it doesn’t reach the lungs
How are Ciliated Epithelial cells adapted for their role?
Some of them have cilia which are hair like structures on the top of the cell that beat to move substances in one direction along the surface of the tissue.
What are the key features of Eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic are complex (multicellular), have a nucleus and are bigger than prokaryotic
What are the key features of Prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic are smaller than eukaryotic, simpler (single celled organism) and have no nucleus
Examples of Eukaryotic cells?
All plant and animal cells
Example of Prokaryotic cells?
Bacteria cells
Name all the sub cellular structures and roles within an animal cell?
Nucleus= where DNA and genetic material is stored which controls activities of the cell, Cytoplasm= where chemical reactions take place, Cell membrane= controls what goes in and out the cell, Mitochondria= where energy is released by respiration, Ribosomes= where protein synthesis takes place
Name all the additional sub cellular structures in a plant cell?
Plant cells have the same as the animal cell plus: Chloroplast= where photosynthesis occurs, Cell wall= makes cellulose and strengthens and supports the cell, Large Vacuole= contains cell sap (mixture of sugars, water and salt)
Describe the sub cellular structures in a bacterial cell?
Basics: cell membrane, cell wall, ribosomes and cytoplasm
Circular strand of DNA= floats free in cytoplasm controls cells activities and replication
Plasmids= carry extra genes for things like antibiotic resistance, Flagella= propels bacteria along towards nutrients/oxygen and away from toxins
