Specialised cells

Question 1

What is the definition of a specialised cell

Answer 1

Specialised animal cells have components that allow them to complete a specific purpose.

Question 2

Examples of specialised cells

Answer 2

Specialised animal cells include red blood cells, sperm, eggs, nerve cells, muscle cells, ciliated cells, and villi.

Question 3

How has a red blood cell been specialised to carry out its function

Answer 3

1. They carry haemoglobin which are oxygen molecules
2. They dont have a nucleus allowing more space for oxygen
3. They are a flat disk shape with dips on both side (biconcave) this allows them to carry more oxygen tot he lungs

Question 4

How has a egg cell been specialised to carry out its function

Answer 4

1. The egg cell’s cytoplasm contains nutrients for the growth of the early embryo.
   2.The haploid nucleus contains genetic material for fertilisation.
   3.The cell membrane changes after fertilisation by a single sperm so that no more sperm can enter.

Question 5

How has a sperm cell been specialised to carry out its function

Answer 5

1.A tail moves them towards an egg cell.
2. Many mitochondria release energy for movement.
3.Part of the tip of the head of the sperm, called the acrosome, releases enzymes to digest the egg membrane to allow fertilisation to take place.
4.The haploid nucleus contains the genetic material for fertilisation.
5.Sperm are produced in large numbers to increase the chance of fertilisation.

Question 6

how has a ciliated epithelial cell been specialised to carry out its function

Answer 6

1.epithelial cells line the surface of the organs
2.some of them have cilia (hair like structures) on the top surface of the cell
3.the function is to move substances- the cilia beat to move substances in one direction, along the surface of the tissue
4. for example, in the air ways there are lots of ciliated epithelial cells so that mucus can be moved up to the throat so it can be swallowed and so it doesnt reach the lungs