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CP2 PAEDS > Specials > Flashcards

Specials Flashcards

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1
Q

What % of children with eczema will develop asthma?

A

1/3

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2
Q

PS Eczema (7)

A 
Itching ***
Erythema 
Dryness + scaling 
Vesicles/blisters 
Pain, bleeding, weeping 
Skin fissures 
Lichenification
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3
Q

Causes of eczema exacerbation (5)

A 
Bacterial/viral infection 
Ingestion of allergen 
Contact w/ allergen/irritant 
Enviro - heat/humidity 
Stress
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4
Q

Ix eczema (3)

A

Usually clinical alone
Skin prick
IgE blood test

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5
Q

Mx eczema (6)

A 
Avoid irritants/precipitants 
Emollients 
TO corticosteroids
Immunomodulators 
Bandaging 
ABx if infected
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6
Q

Emollient regime eczema

A

Moisten + soften skin

Apply 2x day after bath

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7
Q

Rash for Eczema herpeticum (3)

A

Monomorphic
Erythematous vesicles
Crusting

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8
Q

Tx Eczema herpeticum (2)

A

Systemic aciclovir
TO steroids
Emollients

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9
Q

What must you do if you think a child has Impetigo?

A

Swab to find out cause

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10
Q

causes of impetigo

A

staph aureus

strep

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11
Q

Mx impetigo if localised

A

TO antiseptic ABX
Soak off w/ soap + water
Do not attend school

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12
Q

Mx impetigo if extensive

A

Systemic ABX (fluclox 10 days)
Soak off w/ soap + water
Do not attend school

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13
Q

What is scalded skin syndrome due to?

A

Staphy toxins

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14
Q

Mx scalded skin syndrome? (4)

A

IV ABx
Fl
Analgesia
Emollients

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15
Q

Causes acute urticaria (2)

A

Exposure allergen

Viral infection

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16
Q

Causes chronic urticaria (6)

A 
Physical - cold/heat
Water
Sweating 
Exercise
C1-esterase inhibitor def
Aspirin/NSAIDs
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17
Q

Tx urticaria

A

Non-sedating antihistamines

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18
Q

Where does candida infection usually occur?

A

Skin flexures

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19
Q

Mx candida

A

TO antifungals - nystatin/fluconazole

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20
Q

How long before puberty can acne begin?

A

1-2 years before

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21
Q

Mx acne (topical)

A

BPO
TO Abx
TO retinoids

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22
Q

Mx acne (systemic)

A

PO ABx - tetracycline (if >12) / erythromycin

Isotretinoin

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23
Q

Appearance erythema multiforme

A

Target lesions

3 colours in each

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24
Q

Causes erythema multiforme (4)

A

HSV
Mycoplasma
Dx reactions
Idiopathic

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25
Appearance erythema nodosum
Hot + tender nodules on legs | Assoc fever + arthralgia
26
Causes erythema nodosum (4)
Strep TB IBD Dx
27
Mx erythema nodosum
NSAIDs | Tx underlying conditions
28
PS Headlice (3)
Pruritis scalp Eggs/nits in hair Redness/excoriated papules on scalp/neck
29
Tx Head lice (3)
Fine combing Malathion/permethrin Check hair regularly
30
What is the most common type of psoriatic lesion in children
Guttate
31
Features guttate psoriasis (5)
``` Small, raindrop lesions Round erythematous scaly patches Trunk/upper limbs Resolve c. 3-4months ? Recurrence 3-5yrs ```
32
Tx psoriasis
ointments/emollients | Usually resolves w/o Tx
33
Appearance tinea/ring worm lesions
Annular/ring shaped lesions
34
What causes scabies
Sarcoptes scabei
35
PS scabies (5)
``` Severe itching 2-6w - espec @ night/warmth Burrows Papules Vesicles Track marks ```
36
Distribution scabies older children (6)
``` Betw fingers/toes/axillae Flexor wrist Belt line Nipple Penis Buttock ```
37
Distribution scabies infants (2)
Palms/soles | Trunk
38
What is cradle cap
Infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis
39
When does cradle cap present?
1st 2 months
40
What is cradle cap associated with an increased risk of?
Developing eczema
41
Tx cradle cap
Mild - emollients | widespread - TO corticosteroids
42
Mx warts
Most disappear spontaneously | Tx if painful/cosmetic - lotion or cryo (only older children)
43
What organism causes measles?
Morbillivirus
44
Spread measles
Airborne droplets
45
Sx measles (prodrome) (6)
``` High fever Malaise Anorexia Conjunctivitis cough coryza ```
46
Sx measles 2-3 days
Oral papule --> kopliks spots
47
Sx measles - day 5
Exanthema - cheeks, trunk. limps Widespread, morbiliform erythema Fades after few days --> scaling
48
Diagnosis Measles
Salivary sample - IgM, RNA
49
Causes epistaxis (4)
Trauma - picking/FB ITP Dx - anticoag/aspirin Angiofibroma
50
Mx epistaxis
Sit pt upright, forwards + squeeze bottom nose Ice pack Cautery
51
What % of rhinitis is diagnosed in childhood?
80%
52
Acute phase rhinitis Sx (4)
Sneezing Rhinorrhoea Itchy Eye watering, redness, swelling
53
Late phase rhinitis sx (1)
nasal congestion
54
Ix rhinitis
Skin prick
55
Mx rhinitis (4)
Allergy avoidance AntiH (<5 = PO) (>5 = nasal spray) TO intranasal steroid >6 TO decongestant >6
56
Hx OSA (8)
``` Snoring Witnessed apnoea Incr day time sleep Impaired [ ] Unrefreshing sleep Choking episodes Nocturia Irritability ```
57
Causes OSA (4)
Obesity Large neck Craniofacial abnormalities - tonsils, tongue, small jaw, soft palate FH
58
Genetic causes of deaness (2)
Turners | Kleinfelters
59
Intrauterine causes of deafness (3)
TORCH HIV Maternal Dx
60
Perinatal causes of deafness (4)
Prematurity LBW Asphyxia Sepsis
61
Postnatal causes of deafness (2)
Childhood infections | Injury
62
What is the most common cause of hearing impairment in children?
Glue ear
63
Causes of glue ear (5)
``` Impaired ET function Low grade fever Chronic colonisation adenoids Persistent inflamm Adenoidal hypertrophy ```
64
Complications glue ear (2)
Delayed S+L development | Decr attention
65
Common causes blindness children (8)
``` ROP Coloboma Glaucoma Cataract Infection - CMV, measles Vit A deficiency neuro problems Retinoblastoma ```
66
Presentation conjunctivitis (5)
``` Red eye Irritation + discomfort Discharge Photophobia Unaltered visual acuity ```
67
Causes of acute conjunctivitis (3)
Adenovirus Bacterial Allergic
68
Causes of chronic conjuncitivitis (2)
Chlamydia | Toxic reaction
69
PS Periorbital cellulitis (4)
Unilateral Fever/erythema, tenderness + oedema eye movements Ptosis
70
Mx periorbital cellulitis
Ceftriaxone
71
Most common causative organism Stye
Staphy
72
What is a stye
Abscess of eye follicle
73
Tx stye
Lash removal Warm compression + milking Systemic ABx
74
what % <5s have squints
5%
75
Causes of squints (6)
``` Congenital Refractive errors Cerebral palsy Downs Hydrocephalus Brain injury ```
76
Congenital causes cataracts (3)
Genetic abnormality Chromosomal abnormality (Downs) Maternal infection
77
Acquired causes cataracts (4)
Galactosemia DM Eye trauma Toxocariasis

CP2 PAEDS (18 decks)

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