Specific Diagnostic Modalities

Question 1

Where are the highest concentration of IgE producing plasma cells?

Answer 1

tonsils and adenoids

Question 2

Polymorphisms in what are associated with high IgE in blacks and low IgE in whites?

Answer 2

CCL11 (eotaxin)

Question 3

Which allergen can have a false positive SPT due to cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants in honeybee venom?

Answer 3

tree pollen

Question 4

False SPT can be seen in patients with anaphylaxis within what time period?

Answer 4

1 month

Question 5

What is the highest dose for an intradermal test for venom?

Answer 5

1 microgram/ml

Question 6

What is a capsaicin provocation test used for?

Answer 6

distinguish AR from NAR - increased responsiveness in AR

Question 7

Methacholine stimulates what receptors?

Answer 7

muscarinic

Question 8

What is the most reproducible measure on spirometry?

Answer 8

FEV1

Question 9

What is the difference between a direct and indirect bronchoprovication test?

Answer 9

Direct tests directly cause bronchoconstriction - histamine, methacholine
Indirect induces mediator release - mannitol, exercise

Question 10

At what dose is a methacholine test considered positive?

Answer 10

PC20

Question 11

What is considered a positive mannitol challenge?

Answer 11

15% drop at a total cumulative dose of

Question 12

What do you call the clumps of sloughed epithelial cells seen in asthmatic sputum?

Answer 12

creola bodies

Question 13

What is the most common method for quantifying immunoglobulins?

Answer 13

Rate nephelometry

Question 14

Which condition has a lack of dynein arms and loss of ciliary spokes?

Answer 14

primary ciliary dyskinesia

Question 15

How does rate nephelometry quantify Igs?

Answer 15

light scatter measurement - dependent upon formation of immune complexes

Question 16

How is SPEP performed?

Answer 16

separates proteins using an electric field on agarose gel

Question 17

How is an “M” spike (monoclonal paraproteins) detected?

Answer 17

immunofixation electrophoresis

Question 18

What test is used to confirm HIV infection?

Answer 18

western blot

Question 19

What does CH50 assess?

Answer 19

classical complement pathway - C1-C9

Question 20

What does AH50 assess?

Answer 20

alternative complement pathway - factor D, B, C3, properdin, C5-C9

Question 21

What autoantibody is associated with pemphigus vulgaris?

Answer 21

antidesmoglein-3

Question 22

What method is used to detect RNA viruses?

Answer 22

reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR)

Question 23

What method is used to quantify residual disease following bone marrow transplant?

Answer 23

quantitative PCR (qPCR) or real time PCR

Question 24

What method is used to detect translocations, deletions and duplications of large areas of genome?

Answer 24

Southern Blot

Question 25

What method is used to detect specific RNA sequences and their size and expression profiles of specific genes?

Answer 25

Northern Blot

Question 26

What method is the gold standard for detecting T-cell clonality?

Answer 26

Southern Blot

Question 27

What method is used to detect presence or absence of specific DNA sequences?

Answer 27

FISH

Question 28

What method is used to detect SNPs?

Answer 28

Microarray hybridization

Question 29

What method is used to predict tissue allograft rejection?

Answer 29

Mixed Lymphocyte reaction - recognizes differences in MHC II

Question 30

What is an ethmoid cell that migrates to the superior roof of the maxillary sinus?

Answer 30

Haller cell

Question 31

What is a pneumatized middle turbinate?

Answer 31

chonca bullosa

Question 32

What is often seen on chest CT in Churg-Strauss?

Answer 32

peripheral consolidation; pleural effusions

Question 33

What is seen on chest CT in granulomatous and lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD)?

Answer 33

nodular opacities, consolidation, ground glass, honeycombing, bronchiectasis

Question 34

What radiographic finding might be seen in autosomal dominant hyper IgE syndrome?

Answer 34

pneumatoele

Question 35

Side scatter is based on what?

Answer 35

granularity

Question 36

Forward scatter is based on what?

Answer 36

size

Question 37

What markers indicate a Naive B cell?

Answer 37

CD19+ CD27- IgM+

Question 38

What markers indicate a mature B cell?

Answer 38

CD19+ CD20-

Question 39

What markers indicate a memory B cell?

Answer 39

CD19+ CD27+ IgM+

Question 40

What markers indicate a switched memory B cell?

Answer 40

CD19+ CD27+ IgM-

Question 41

How do you distinguish a NK cell from a NKT cell on flow?

Answer 41

NK cells are CD3-, NKT cells are CD3+

Question 42

What PID is dx by DHR test?

Answer 42

CGD