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specimen collection and processing Flashcards

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1
Q

The first step in the workflow of bacteriology

A

Specimen collection

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2
Q

specimen collection and transportation are ________ because the results generated by the laboratory are limited by the quality and condition of the specimen upon arrival in the laboratory

A

Critical consideration

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3
Q

These are the two (2) critical considerations in the specimen collection and processing

A
  • Specimen collection
  • Transportation
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4
Q

When should we schedule the collection of the specimen?

A
  • Acute phase of an illness (early stage)
  • Before antimicrobials, antifungals, or antiviral medications are administered
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5
Q

____ generally are poor specimens if tissue or needle aspirates can be obtained

A

Swabs

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6
Q

Specimen should be transported within ____ of collection

A

2 hours

must be less than 2 hours of collecting the specimen

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7
Q

These are done when the specimen is delayed within 2 hours of collection

A
  • Refrigeration
  • Preservatives
  • Transport medium

to ensure organism viability

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8
Q

It should be leak-proof, and the specimens should be transported within sealable, leak-proof plastic bags with a separate section for paperwork; resealable bags or bags with a permanent seal are common for this purpose

A

Specimen containers

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9
Q

Specimen containers should be leak-proof, and the specimens should be transported within sealable ________ with a separate section for paperwork; resealable bags or bags with a permanent seal are common for this purpose

A

Leak-proof plastic bags

must be sealable

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10
Q

Bags for specimen transportation should be marked with this label

A

Biohazard label

indicating the presence of biological hazard

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11
Q

Enumerate the different transport media used in specimen collection and processing

A
  • Amies transport media
  • Amies transport media with charcoal
  • Anerobic transport media
  • Cary-Blair transport media
  • Formalin (5%-10%), PVA , SAF, Total-Fix, Eco-Fix
  • Stuart’s transport media
  • Universal transport media
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12
Q

Transport media:

Used for the recovery of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria

A

Amies transport media

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13
Q

Transport media:

Used for the recovery of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria; charcoal neutralized bacterial toxins and other inhibitory substances, maintains pH

A

Amies transport media with charcoal

used in fastidious organism

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14
Q

Transport media:

Used for the numerous commercial systems available; recovery of anaerobes, and microaerobic bacteria

A

Anaerobic transport media

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15
Q

Transport media:

Used for the recovery of enteric pathogens

A

Cary-Blair transport media

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16
Q

Transport media:

Used for the recovery of gastrointestinal parasites; some may be acceptable for immunoassays

A
  • 5%-10% Formalin
  • PVA (polyvinyl alcohol)
  • SAF (sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin)
  • Total-Fix
  • Eco-Fix
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17
Q

Transport media:

Used for the recovery of bacteria

A

Stuart’s transport media

general transport media

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18
Q

Transport media:

Used for the recovery of chlamydia, mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas and viruses

A

Universal transport media

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19
Q

Enumerate the four (4) preservatives used for specific specimens

A
  • Boric acid
  • Polyvinyl alcohol and Buffered formalin
  • Transport or holding media
  • Anticoagulant
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20
Q

Specimen preservatives:

It maintain the appropriate colony counts of the urine

A

Boric acid

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21
Q

Specimen preservatives:

It is used for stool for ova and parasite (O&P) examination

A

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Buffered formalin

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22
Q

Specimen preservatives:

It maintain the integrity of trophozoites and cysts

A

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Buffered formalin

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23
Q

Specimen preservatives:

It maintain the viability of microorganisms present in a specimen without supporting the growth of the organisms

A

Transport or holding media

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24
Q

Specimen preservatives:

It maintains the organisms in a state of suspended animation so that no organism overgrows another or dies out

A

Transport or holding media

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25
It is added to absorb fatty acids present in the specimen that could result in pH changes in the media and the killing of fastidious organisms
Charcoal
26
# **Specimen preservatives:** It is used for blood and body fluids to prevent clotting of specimens
Anticoagulant
27
# **Specimen preservatives:** Enumerate the two (2) examples of anticoagulant used in bacteriology for specimen preservation
* 0.025% Sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS) * Heparin
28
# **Specimen preservatives:** A type of vacutainer used in bacteriology for blood culture collection systems
0.025% Sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS)
29
Manufacturer of the "yellow top" anticoagulant
Becton, Dickinson and company (BD)
30
# **Specimen preservatives:** An anticoagulant used for viral cultures, although it inhibit the growth of gram-positive bacteria and yeast
Heparin
31
These are the types of anticoagulant that is not used for microbiology
* Citrate * Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) * ACD (used in hematology not in bacteriology) * other anticoagulants
32
# **Specimen storage:** Refrigerator temperature
4°C
33
# **Specimen storage:** Urine, stool, viral specimens, sputa, swabs (not for anaerobes) and foreign devices
Refrigerator temperature
34
# **Specimen storage:** Time required for storing specimen in a refrigerator temperature
24 hours ONLY
35
# **Specimen storage:** Ambient/room temperature
22°C
36
# **Specimen storage:** Sterile body fluids, genital specimens, and ear and eye swabs (anaerobic bacteria)
Ambient/room temperature
37
# **Specimen storage:** Body temperature
37°C
38
# **Specimen storage:** CSF
Body temperature
39
# **Specimen storage:** Time required for storing specimen in a body temperature
6 hours ONLY
40
# **Specimen storage:** Serum for serologic studies and tissues or specimens for long-term storage
Freezer temperature
41
# **Specimen storage:** The temperature required for serum for serologic studies
-20°C | stored for 1 week or 7 days
42
# **Specimen storage:** The temperature required for tissues or specimens for long-term storage
-70°C
43
What do individuals like MedTech put in the collected sample in specimen collection? | (as a collector)
Initials of the collector's name
44
An **order form** that is sent to the laboratory along with a specimen
Specimen/ test requisition
45
T OR F: In specimen labeling, the test requisition should match with the specimen label when it is received in the laboratory
True
46
A hard (paper) copy of the physician's orders and the patient's demographic information
Specimen/ test requisition
47
Why do specimen/ test requisition contain as much information as possible regarding the **patient history** and **diagnosis**?
This is to help the microbiologist work up the specimen and determine which organisms are significant in the culture
48
Enumerate the complete patient's information included in the specimen/ test requisition
* Patient's name * Hospital identification number * Age and date of birth * Sex * Collection date and time * Ordering physician * Exact nature and source of the specimen * Diagnosis (may be ICD-10-CM code) * Current antimicrobial therapy
49
# **Specimen priority level:** Critical because they represent a potentially life-threatening illness from an invasive source
Level I
50
# **Specimen priority level:** Unprotected and may quickly degrade or have overgrowth of contaminating flora
Level 2
51
# **Specimen priority level:** Require quantitation
Level 3
52
# **Specimen priority level:** In holding or transport media
Level 4
53
# **Specimen priority level:** It may be delayed to process more critical specimens first
Level 4
54
# **Specimen priority level:** Amniotic fluid
Level 1 | Critical/Invasive
55
# **Specimen priority level:** Bone
Level 2 | Unpreserved
56
# **Specimen priority level:** Body fluids (not listed in level 1)
Level 2 | Unpreserved
57
# **Specimen priority level:** Catheter tip
Level 3 | Quantitation required
58
# **Specimen priority level:** Brain
Level 1 | Critical/Invasive
59
# **Specimen priority level:** Tissue for quantitation
Level 3 | Qantitation required
60
# **Specimen priority level:** Drainage from wounds
Level 2 | Unpreserved
61
# **Specimen priority level:** Swabs in holding medium (aerobic and anaerobic)
Level 4 | Preserved
62
# **Specimen priority level:** Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Level 1 | Critical/Invasive
63
# **Specimen priority level:** Feces in preservative
Level 4 | Preserved
64
# **Specimen priority level:** Tissue
Level 2 | Unpreserved
65
# **Specimen priority level:** Blood
Level 1 | Cricial/Invasive
66
# **Specimen priority level:** Pericardial fluid
Level 1 | Critical/Invasive
67
# **Specimen priority level:** Heart Valves
Level 1 | Critical/Invasive
68
# **Specimen priority level:** Urine
Level 3 | Quantitation required
69
# **Specimen priority level:** Feces
Level 2 | Unpreserved
70
# **Specimen priority level:** Urine in preservatives
Level 4 | Preserved
71
# **Specimen priority level:** Sputum
Level 2 | Unpreserved
72
It is done for gross appearance of the specimen
Gross examination
73
It allows the processor to determine the adequacy of the specimen and the need for special processing
Gross examination
74
These are considered in the gross appearance of the specimens in the gross examination
* Swab or aspirate * Stool consistency (formed or liquid) * Blood or mucus present * Volume of specimen * Fluid is clear or cloudy
75
What do we do in **Direct Microscopic Examination** (DME)?
Bacterial counting | Indication of infectious process
76
These are the things done in Direct Microscopic Examination (DME)
* Determine the quality of the specimen * Give indication of the infectious process involved * Routine culture workup can be guided by the results of the smear * Correlate the bacterial isolates with the types detected in the smear * Dictate the need for nonroutine or additional testing
77
These specimens are not useful for Direct Microscopic Examination (DME)
* Throat and nasopharyngeal specimens * Specimens from vagina, cervix, and anal crypts * Stool | these are heavily contaminated with normal flora

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