Speech Flashcards
Summary
Learning the features of persuasion –and how persuasion and propaganda overlap– form a part of your lang and lit course. So if you happen to be given a persuasive speech in your final Paper 1 exam, you can count yourself lucky.
Persuasive speeches are organised around clear formal frameworks, such as appeals to logic and emotional appeals, and also provide a chance for individual speakers to express themselves stylistically.
Check the formal features of persuasive speeches opposite
KEY FEATURES OF SPEECHES
Ethos
Logos
Pathos
Persuasive
Direct address
Modality
Rhetorical devices
Logical Fallacies
Ethos
the speaker establishes his or hercredibilityand mayalludeto a moral, social or spiritual leader with whom the audience cannot disagree.
Logos
clear,reasonable arguments, facts and statisticsandquoting expertsin the field are all ways of establishing a logical appeal
Pathos
emotive languageandimageryare ways of helping the audience empathise with the feelings of other – often vulnerable – people.
Persuasive
the speaker attempts to make his or her listener think in a certain way, believe something ortake action.
Direct address
the speaker tries to draw closer to the listeners by addressing them as‘you’– look out for the use of‘we’or‘us’to include the speaker and listener on the same side – and be wary of attempts tocompliment the listener.
Modality
modal verbs are small but important words (such as‘must’, ‘need’, ‘should’,‘might,’and so on) that reveal the speaker’s degree of certainty and strength of feeling.
Rhetorical devices
all kinds of rhythmical, structural, auditory and linguistic tricks can be employed by a skilled speaker.
Logical Fallacies
also called ‘argumentation fallacies.’ Common fallacies in speeches areglittering generalisations,simplificationandslippery slope.
