Speech A&P Unit 2: Respiration

Question 1

A relative increase in air pressure over atmospheric pressure is known as ________________ pressure.

Answer 1

positive pressure

Question 2

Alveolar pressure becomes _________(positive/negative) relative to atmospheric pressure during expiration.

Answer 2

positive

Question 3

An increase in thorax volume will cause a(n)

_________________ (increase/decrease) in alveolar pressure.

Answer 3

decrease

Question 4

Compression of the ____ will result in reduction of lung volume.

Answer 4

abdomen

Question 5

Contraction of the accessory muscles of inspiration increase the volume of the thoracic cavity in the ________________ dimension.

Answer 5

transverse/horizontal/anterior-posterior

Question 6

Contraction of the diaphragm will cause a(n)

_________________ in intrapleural pressure.

Answer 6

decrease

Question 7

During non-speech respiration, inspiration takes up about ____% of a cycle of respiration, while expiration takes up about ____ % of the cycle.

Answer 7

inspiration= 40%
expiration= 60%

Question 8

During respiration for speech, inspiration takes up about ____% of a cycle of respiration, while expiration takes up about ____ % of the cycle.

Answer 8

inspiration= 10%
expiration= 90%

Question 9

Gas exchange occurs in the ________________ of the lungs.

Answer 9

alveoli

Question 10

Resting lung volume ________________ when one moves from a standing position to supine.

Answer 10

decreases

Question 11

The esophagus is ________ (posterior/anterior) to the trachea.

Answer 11

posterior

Question 12

The portion of the rib cage consisting of cartilage is termed the ________________ portion.

Answer 12

chondral

Question 13

The _______________________________ muscle is used to turn the head, but also serves as an accessory muscle of inspiration.

Answer 13

sternocleidomastoid

Question 14

____ inspiration requires use of diaphragm and accessory muscles of inspiration.

Answer 14

forced

Question 15

____ refers to twisting of a shaft while not permitting one end to move.

Answer 15

torque

Question 16

________________ is defined as the exchange of gas between an organism and its environment.

Answer 16

respiration

Question 17

True or False: Alveolar pressure becomes positive relative to atmospheric pressure during expiration.

Answer 17

true

Question 18

True or False: An increase in thorax volume will cause an increase in alveolar pressure.

Answer 18

false

Question 19

True or False: Compressive strength provides resistance to crushing.

Answer 19

true

Question 20

True or False: Hyaline cartilage makes up the larynx, trachea, and bronchial passageway.

Answer 20

true

Question 21

True or False: Tensile strength is the quality of material which keeps fibers from being easily separated when pulled.

Answer 21

true

Question 22

True or False: The central tendon of the diaphragm is capable of contraction.

Answer 22

false

Question 23

True or False: The least mobile point of attachment of a muscle is the origin.

Answer 23

true

Question 24

True or False: The transverse abdominis muscle is superficial to the internal oblique abdominis.

Answer 24

false

Question 25

True or False: Turbulence within the respiratory passageway decreases the resistance to airflow.

Answer 25

false

Question 26

True or False: Untorquing means the same thing as recoil.

Answer 26

false

Question 27

Contraction of the accessory muscles of inspiration increase the volume of the thoracic cavity in the ________________ dimension.

Answer 27

transverse

Question 28

An increase in thorax volume will cause a(n) | _________________ in alveolar pressure.

Answer 28

decrease

Question 29

Compression of the ____ will result in reduction of lung volume.

Answer 29

abdomen

Question 30

Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity in the ________________ dimension.

Answer 30

vertical

Question 31

When the diaphragm contracts, the central tendon is pulled in which direction?

Answer 31

inferiorly and anteriorly

Question 32

Surfactant is a mucous which serves the lungs by: (3 things)

Answer 32

promoting inflation, enabling smooth movement, & lowering surface tension

Question 33

The primary role/s of the muscles of the thorax, back, and upper limbs include: (2 things)

Answer 33

head control & trunk control

Question 34

This muscle originates at the posterior abdominal wall at the vertebral column, courses laterally, and inserts in the transversus abdominis aponeurosis and inner surface of ribs 6-12. Contraction will compress the abdomen.

Answer 34

transverse abdominis

Question 35

This muscle originates at the inguinal ligament/iliac crest, then fans medially to insert in the cartilaginous portion of the lower ribs and abdominal aponeursis. It serves to rotate and flex the trunk, and compress the abdomen.

Answer 35

internal oblique abdominis

Question 36

This muscle originates at the osseous portion of the lower 7 ribs, then fans downward to insert at the iliac crest, inguiinal ligament, and abdominal aponeurosis.

Answer 36

external oblique abdominis

Question 37

This muscle originates as 4 or 5 segments at pubis inferiorly, courses up to segment border, to insert at the xiphoid process and the cartilage of ribs 5-7.

Answer 37

rectus abdominis

Question 38

This muscle originates in the inferior surfaces of ribs 1-11, and courses down, to insert in the upper surface of the rib immediately below, and serves to elevate the rib.

Answer 38

external intercostal

Question 39

This muscle originates in the spinous processes of C7 and T1-T3, courses down and laterally, to insert just beyond the angles of ribs 2 through 5.

Answer 39

serratus posterior superior

Question 40

This muscle originates in the sternum and clavicle, courses in a fanlike lateral direction to converge at the humerus, and serves to elevate the sternum.

Answer 40

pectoralis major

Question 41

This muscle originates in the transverse process of T7 through T11, courses down and obliquely out, to insert two ribs below the site of origin, and serves to elevate the rib cage.

Answer 41

levator costarum longis

Question 42

Twisting of a shaft while one end does not move

Answer 42

torquing

Question 43

The volume of air exchanged during one cycle of respiration

Answer 43

tidal volume

Question 44

Feeling of a structure using one's hands

Answer 44

palpation

Question 45

The process of moving two structures further apart

Answer 45

abduction

Question 46

Pressure generated as a result of the weight of atmospheric pressure

Answer 46

atmospheric pressure

Question 47

The volume of air that can be inspired after a tidal inspiration

Answer 47

inspiratory reserve volume

Question 48

Using the muscles of inspiration to impede the outflow of air during expiration

Answer 48

checking action

Question 49

The combination of inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and tidal volume, representing the capacity of air available for speech

Answer 49

vital capacity

Question 50

Device that measures pressure

Answer 50

manometer

Question 51

Device that measures volume of expelled air

Answer 51

spirometer

Question 52

Having the ability and tendency to return to original position

Answer 52

elasticity

Question 53

Tube-like device that permits observation within the body

Answer 53

endoscope

Question 54

The ability of a material to resist being pulled apart

Answer 54

tensile strength