Speech - Lesson 3

Question 1

ones that guide their actual behavior

ex: the US promotes equality but there is still discrimination

Answer 1

Real Values

Question 2

is the system of shared values, beliefs, attitudes, and norms that guide what is considered appropriate among an identifiable group of people

is a way of life

a taken-for-granted rule for how and why we believe and behave as we do
has both ideal and real values

Answer 2

Culture

Question 3

it can be defined as all the behaviors, ways of life, arts, beliefs and institutions of a population that are passed down from generation to generation

Answer 3

Culture

Question 4

it has been called “the way of life for an entire society”

Answer 4

Culture

Question 5

are the commonly accepted standards of what is considered right and wrong, good and evil, fair and unfair, just and unjust, and so on

Answer 5

Values

Question 6

it is ideal that guide or qualify your personal conduct, interaction with others, and involvement in your career, like morals

they help you to distinguish what is right from what is wrong

it informs you on how you can conduct your life in a meaningful way

Answer 6

Values

Question 7

ones that members profess to hold, whereas real values are the ones that guide their actual behavior

Answer 7

Ideal Values

Question 8

interactions that occur between people whose cultures are so different that the communication between them is altered

Answer 8

Intercultural Communication

Question 9

psychological discomfort one feels when engaging in a new cultural situation

each of us is so familiar with our own customs, norms, and values, we may feel anxious when they are disrupted

unfamiliar culture through travel, business, or studying abroad

Answer 9

Culture Shock

Question 10

Example:

Filipinos usually use their hands to eat during fiestas or just a normal lunch. This is not a custom abroad because they use spoons, forks, and knives

Americans are used to calling their elders by their first names but Asian people use “Ates” and “Kuyas”, Oppa and Unnie

Answer 10

Culture Shock

Question 11

is both the means by which culture is transmitted and the way a culture is changed

Answer 11

Communication

Question 12

refers to the learned system of norms held by the majority group of empowered people in a society

Answer 12

Dominant Culture

Question 13

a group comprised of a smaller number of people who hold common values, beliefs, attitudes, and customs that differ from those of the dominant culture.

Answer 13

CODE SWITCH

Question 14

part of our self-concept that is based on how closely we associate with both the dominant culture and various co-cultures

even if you are a pure probinsyano, are still a manilenyo at heart

Answer 14

CULTURAL IDENTITY

Question 15

used to classify people based on physical, biological characteristics (ex. skin, eye color, hair texture, body shape)

the term is now problematic so scholars use populations instead

Answer 15

RACE

Question 16

note:

Answer 16

People experience the social effects of perceived race and form co-cultures based on similar experiences with respect to it

example: white men trust the police, but black men do not

Question 17

refers to shared cultural heritage that is learned rather than inherited

Answer 17

Ethnicity

Question 18

is the language of one’s ethnic heritage and is typically the language a person learns from birth

Answer 18

Native Language

Question 19

consists of biologically determined physical traits

Answer 19

Sex

Question 20

consists of learned roles and communication patterns deemed appropriate for females and males

Answer 20

Gender

Question 21

in American culture, sex and gender tend to be intertwined

Answer 21

Sex and Gender

Question 22

historically, being heterosexual or straight is valued

people who are not heterosexual are mistreated

Answer 22

Sexual Orientation

Question 23

belief system with set o rituals and ethical standards based on a common perception of what is sacred or holy

Answer 23

Religion

Question 24

position of a person or family in the power hierarchy of a society based on income, education, and occupation

Answer 24

Socioeconomic Status (SES)

Question 25

Socioeconomic Status (SES) is divided into three categories

Answer 25

High Middle Low

Question 26

tend to perform more disengagement cues (eg. doodling) and fewer engagement cues (heads, nods, and laughs)

Answer 26

High

Question 27

parents tend to emphasize intellectual curiosity

Answer 27

Middle

Question 28

tend to emphasize obedience, acceptance of what others think, and hesitancy in expressing desires to authority figures

Answer 28

Low

Question 29

people born and raised in the same generation may identify with a co-culture distinct from it when people from different generations interact, their co-cultural orientations can cause communication challenges

Answer 29

Age / Generation

Question 30

any physical, emotional, mental, or cognitive impairment that impacts how a person functions in society

Answer 30

Disability

Question 31

a group of people who share a distinct set of shared values, beliefs, and attitudes based on their common experiences of being differently abled

Answer 31

Disability Co-culture

Question 32

value community, collaboration, shared interests, harmony, the public good, and avoiding embarrassment value in the interests of the group and group harmony harmony and cooperation are valued over competition and personal achievement South and Central America, East and Southeast Asia, and Africa

Answer 32

Highly Collectivist Cultures

Question 33

people rely mainly on words to convey meaning United States, Germany, and Scandinavia use direct, specific, and detailed language speakers are expected to say exactly what they mean and get to the point

Answer 33

Low context cultures

Question 34

much of the speaker’s message is understood from the context conveyed indirectly and can only be accurate;y interpreted by referring to unwritten cultural rules and subtle nonverbal behaviors “reading between the lines”

Answer 34

High context cultures

Question 34

much of the speaker’s message is understood from the context conveyed indirectly and can only be accurate;y interpreted by referring to unwritten cultural rules and subtle nonverbal behaviors “reading between the lines”

Answer 34

High context cultures

Question 35

is the study of how the perception of time differs among cultures

Answer 35

Chronemics

Question 36

view time as a series of small units that occur sequentially value punctuality, uninterrupted task completion, meeting deadlines, following plans, and doing things one at a time

Answer 36

Monochronic Cultures

Question 37

like Latin American, Arab, and Southern European cultures, view time as a continuous flow appointment times and schedules are perceived as approximate and fluid comfortable doing several things at once, having a flexible schedule or none at all, and disregarding deadlines to satisfy other needs

Answer 37

Polychronic Cultures

Question 38

is the extent to which people desire to predict what is going to happen

Answer 38

Uncertainty Avoidance

Question 39

tend to have a high tolerance for uncertainty United States. Sweden, and Denmark tolerate uncertainty and are less driven to control unpredictable people, relationships, or events people tend to accept unpredictability, tolerate the unusual, prize creative initiatives take risks, and think there should be as few rules as possible

Answer 39

Low uncertainty avoidance

Question 40

Tend to have a low tolerance for uncertainty Such as Germany, Portugal, Greece, Peru, and Belgium Create systems of formal rules as a way to provide more security and reduce risk

Answer 40

High Uncertainty-Avoidance Cultures

Question 41

Degree to which power is equally or unequally shared

Answer 41

Power Distance

Question 42

Accept unequal power distribution is accepted\ Both high and low power holders Middle East, Malaysia, Guatemala, Venezuela, and Singapore view unequal power distribution as normal

Answer 42

High Power-Distance Cultures

Question 43

Prefer power to be equally distributed In Australia, Finland, Denmark, Norway, and the United States inequalities in power and status are muted.

Answer 43

Low Power-Distance Cultures

Question 44

Adhere to traditional gender roles and behaviors They value masculine roles more highly than feminine ones Men act in assertive and dominant ways and women are nurturing, caring, and service-oriented Characteristics of performance, ambition, assertiveness, and competitiveness

Answer 44

Masculine Culture

Question 45

People assume a variety of roles regardless of sex

Answer 45

Feminine Culture

Question 46

Value rewards in the here and now Emphasizes quick results, fulfilling social obligations, and getting to the bottom line efficiently Value keeping leisure time distinctly separate from working

Answer 46

Short-Term Orientation

Question 47

Value rewards that will be realized in the future Adaptability and honoring relationships are more important than quickly achieving the bottom line Leisure time is not expected to be separate from working time

Answer 47

Long-Term Orientation

Question 48

Emphasizing with and adapting communication patterns based on cultural differences The process is through a personal narrative of someone who experienced it first-hand

Answer 48

Cross-Cultural Adaptation

Question 49

Potential Barriers to Intercultural Communication Competence

Answer 49

1. Anxiety 2. Assumed similarity or difference 3. Ethnocentrism 4. Stereotyping 5. Incompatible Communication Codes 6. Incompatible Norms and Values

Question 50

Level of discomfort when entering a cultural setting whose norms and customs are unfamiliar to us People experience fear, dislike, and distrust

Answer 50

Anxiety

Question 51

We cross into an unfamiliar cultural environment

Answer 51

Assumed similarity or difference

Question 52

The belief that one’s own culture is superior to others It exists in every culture to some degree and can occur in co-cultures An ethnocentric view of the world leads to attitudes of superiority and messages that are condescending in content and tone

Answer 52

Ethnocentrism

Question 53

Assuming everyone in a cultural group is the same Risk engaging in inaccurate and even unethical communication

Answer 53

Stereotyping

Question 54

When others speak a different language than we do, it is easy to see that we have incompatible communication codes Co-cultural groups will often develop “in-group” codes that are easily understood by co-culture members but unintelligible to those from the outside

Answer 54

Incompatible Communication Codes

Question 55

Is when considered normal in one culture but is offensive in another

Answer 55

Incompatible Norms and Values

Question 56

Acquire Accurate Knowledge

Answer 56

1. Formal Study 2. Observation 3. Immersion

Question 57

Learn about other cultures by reading books, periodicals, and Web sites Read personal accounts and ethnographic research studies

Answer 57

Formal Study

Question 58

Watching members interact with each other You can notice how certain values, rituals, and communication styles are similar to and different from your own

Answer 58

Observation

Question 59

Learning about a culture or group by watching members interact

Answer 59

Non-Participant Observation

Question 60

When you live with people whose cultural assumptions are different from yours

Answer 60

Immersion

Question 61

Learning about a culture or group by actively participating in it

Answer 61

Participant Observation

Question 62

Adopt an Appropriate Attitude

Answer 62

1. Tolerate Ambiguity 2. Be Open-Minded 3. Be Altruistic

Question 63

Communicating with strangers It creates uncertainty, and when the stranger also comes from a different culture, we can become anxious about what he or she will expect from us

Answer 63

Tolerate Ambiguity

Question 64

Are aware of their own cultural norms and values and recognize that other people’s norms and values may differ, but not wrong Avoid jumping to conclusions about what you think others mean by something they say or do

Answer 64

Be Open-Minded

Question 65

A display of genuine unselfish concern for the welfare of others

Answer 65

Altruism

Question 66

A selfish interest in one’s own needs

Answer 66

Egocentricity

Question 67

Develop Culture-Centered Skills

Answer 67

1. Practice Listening 2. Practice Intercultural Empathy 3. Develop Flexibility

Question 68

People listen closely for concrete facts and information and often ask questions while listening

Answer 68

Practice Listening

Question 69

Imagining oneself in the other person’s cultural world

Answer 69

Practice Intercultural Empathy

Question 70

The ability to adjust one’s communication to fit the other person and situation Use a variety of communication skills during an interaction and modify your behavior within and across situations

Answer 70

Develop Flexibility