Speech - Lesson 5

Question 1

All the messages we send in ways that transcend spoken or written words

Answer 1

Nonverbal communication

Question 2

Cues we send with our body, voice, space, time and appearance to support, modify, contradict, or even replace a verbal message

Play an important role in communication

Meaning comes from nonverbal messages we use to communicate in face-to-face interactions

Widespread use of social media and smart phone technology to communicate today

E.g., e-mail, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, texting

Answer 2

Nonverbal Messages

Question 3

Types of nonverbal messages

Answer 3

Kinesics - use of body
Paralanguage - use of voice
Proxemics - use of space
Chronemics - use of time
Appearance - including clothing and grooming

Question 4

Phrase “we cannot NOT communicate”

If you are in a presence of someone else your nonverbal messages are communicating

Ex. when Austin yawns and stares off into the distance during class, one classmate might interpret this as a sign of boredom, fatigue, or another may view it as a message of disrespect

Answer 4

Nonverbal communication is inevitable

Question 5

Interpret how others feel based almost entirely on their nonverbal messages

Ex. when Janelle frowns, clenches her fist, and say I AM NOT ANGRY “her sister is likely to ignore the verbal message and believe the contradicting nonverbal message

Answer 5

nonverbal communication is the primary conveyer of emotions

Question 6

Perceive meaning from a combination of nonverbal behavior including
Posture
Gestures
Facial expressions
Vocal pitch and rate
Appearance

Ex. failure to sustain eye contact, bowed head, repetitive toe-stubbing, it is a sign of lying

Answer 6

nonverbal communication is multi-channeled

Question 7

Very few nonverbal messages mean the same thing to everyone

Ex. direct eye contact tends to be understood as a sign of respect but in other country it might be interpreted as disrespectful

Answer 7

Nonverbal communication is ambiguous

Question 8

What and how body motions communicate
may use gestures, eye contact, facial expression, posture, and touch

Agree or disagree: the lack of nonverbal cues, like paralanguage, in online setups makes us lack empathy.

What are other possible outcomes of this exchange if we use paralanguage (pitch, volume, rate, quality, intonation and vocalized pauses)

Answer 8

Kinesics (Use of Body)

Question 9

Movements of our hands, arms, and fingers to communicate

Answer 9

Gestures

Question 10

Gestures that substitute entirely for a word or words

Ex. we raise a finger and place it vertically across our lips, it signifies “Be quiet”

Answer 10

Emblems

Question 11

Gestures that clarify the verbal message

Ex. when we say “about this high” or “nearly this round” we are likely to gesture to clarify what we mean.

Answer 11

Illustrators

Question 12

Unconscious responses to physical or psychological needs

Ex. we may scratch an itch, adjust our glasses, or jingle the keys in our pockets.

Answer 12

Adaptors

Question 13

How and how much do we look at others when communicating

Answer 13

Eye contact (oculesics)

Question 14

Using facial muscles to communicate emotions

To convey emotions

Ex. we may furrow our brows and squint our eyes when we are confused, or purse our lips and raise one eyebrow to convey skepticism

1982 emoticons have actually been in use

Answer 14

Facial expressions

Question 15

How we position nad move our body

Can communicate attentiveness, respect, and dominance

Answer 15

Posture

Question 16

How we position our body in relation to other people

Answer 16

Body orientation

Question 17

Is when two people face each other squarely
Tends signal attentiveness and respect

Ex. we are likely to sit up straight and face the interviewer directly

Answer 17

Direct Body Orientation

Question 18

Is when two people sit or stand side-by-side

Answer 18

Indirect Body Orientation

Question 19

Changing body position

Ex. when making a speech, an upright stance and squared shoulders communicates poise and confidence

Answer 19

Body movement

Question 20

A movement that helps clarify the meaning

Answer 20

Motivated

Question 21

A movement that distracts listeners from the point being made

Answer 21

Unmotivated

Question 22

What and how touch communicates

We may pat, hug, slap, kiss, pinch, stroke, or embrace others

Answer 22

Haptics

Question 23

Is automatic and subconscious

Ex. patting someone on the back after learning that he or she won an award is an example of spontaneous touch.

Answer 23

Spontaneous Touch

Question 24

Is scripted rather than spontaneous

Ex. handshakes, high-fives, and fist bumps

Answer 24

Ritualized Touch

Question 25

Is used to perform a certain unemotional function Ex. a doctor may touch a patient during a physical examination or a personal trainer may touch a client during a gym workout

Answer 25

Task-Related Touch

Question 26

The voiced part of a spoken message goes beyond the actual words such as your talking speed, pitch, intonation, volume, and more. Example: You might speak quickly if you are excited about something. Six characteristics of Paralanguage

Answer 26

Paralanguage (vocalics)

Question 27

Six characteristics of Paralanguage

Answer 27

Pitch Volume Rate Quality Intonation Vocalized pauses

Question 28

Highness or lowness of vocal tone We raise and lower our pitch to signal a question, emphasize ideas, and convey emotions We may raise our pitch when feeling nervous or afraid We may lower our pitch to convey sadness

Answer 28

Pitch

Question 29

Loudness or softness of vocal tone Booming voices that carry long distances and others are soft-spoken Ex. we might talk louder when we wish to be heart in noisy settings and when we are angry We might speak softer when we are being reflective or romantic

Answer 29

Volume

Question 30

The speed at which a person speaks Ex. people who speak too slowly run the risk of boring listeners

Answer 30

Rate

Question 31

The sound of a person’s voice that distinguishes it from others

Answer 31

Quality

Question 32

The variety and inflection in one’s voice Voices that use very little or no intonation are described as monotone and tend to bore listeners In the health care setting: it signifies sick when the monotone is low

Answer 32

Intonation

Question 33

Extraneous sounds or words that interrupt fluent speech We all use some vocalized pauses in words and phrases

Answer 33

Vocalized pauses

Question 34

how space and distance communicate we communicate through our use of personal space, territorial space, and acoustic space

Answer 34

Proxemics

Question 35

the distance we try to maintain when interacting with others depends on our - individual preference - nature of relationship - cultural norms

Answer 35

Personal Space

Question 36

defined as up to 18 inches and is appropriate for private conversations between close friends

Answer 36

Intimate Distance

Question 37

from 18 inches to 4 feet is the space in which casual conversation occurs

Answer 37

Personal Distance

Question 38

from 4 to 12 feet is where impersonal business such as a job interview is conducted

Answer 38

Social Distance

Question 39

is anything more that 12 feet

Answer 39

Public Distance

Question 40

the physical space over which we claim ownership we expect others to respect our territory and may feel annoyed or even violated when they do not

Answer 40

Territorial Space

Question 41

objects we use to mark our territory intentional like how dogs pee to mark their spot we use artifacts to signal what we expect to happen in the space

Answer 41

Artifacts

Question 42

the area over which our voice can be comfortably heard competent communicators protect acoustic space by adjusting the volume of our voices to be easily heard by conversational partners loud cellphones and TikTok violate acoustic space

Answer 42

Acoustic Space

Question 43

how we interpret the use of time and it is largely is the study of the use of time in nonverbal communication. Time perceptions include punctuality, willingness to wait, and interactions. The use of time can affect lifestyles, daily agendas, speed of speech, movements, and how long people are willing to listen. Is about how we interpret time. Now, how do we interpret the use of time in online setups?

Answer 43

Chronemics (Use of Time)

Question 44

how we look to others and is one of the first things others notice and judge pretty privilege

Answer 44

Physical Appearance

Question 45

try to be more consciously aware of msgs you send through your use of body, voice, space, time, and appearance ask a friend to point them out to you

Answer 45

Consciously monitor your nonverbal messages

Question 46

when nonverbal messages contradict verbal messages, people are more likely to believe the nonverbal messages if you want to be persuasive, use direct eye contact, a serious facial expression, upright posture, a commanding vocal tone, and professional clothing if you want to be supportive and convey empathy, you might use less direct eye contact, relaxed facial expression, softer voice For example, if you use warm, caring body language toward your child, it helps your child learn how to express love

Answer 46

Intentionally align your nonverbal messages with your purpose

Question 47

ex. you would not dress the same way for a wedding as you would for a workout

Answer 47

Adapt your nonverbal messages to the situation

Question 48

these may distract others: fidgeting, tapping your fingers on a table, pacing, mumbling, using lots of pauses, and checking your phone often for texts and emails

Answer 48

Reduce or eliminate distracting nonverbal messages

Question 49

when you fidget when bored, it doesn't mean other people also fidget when bored

Answer 49

Remember that the same nonverbal messages may mean different things to different people

Question 50

sleeping while you're reporting doesn't mean they are bored of your presentation but only utter exhaustion

Answer 50

Consider each nonverbal message in context

Question 51

by taking all nonverbal messages, you’’ interpret the msg more accurately

Answer 51

Pay attention to the multiple nonverbal messages being sent and their relationship to the verbal message

Question 52

sharing two possible interpretations and clarification can make the convo smooth sailing

Answer 52

Use perception checking