Speech Perception

Question 1

Recognize own name by __months; common words by ___ months. This also means that around __m they’ll look longer at a hand than a foot if you say “hand”. Bilinguals pass these milestones at the same rate/ faster than monolingual

Answer 1

4, 6, 6
same rate

Question 2

pre-natal babies particularily hearing the ___ properties of sound before birth

Answer 2

rythmic

Question 3

what did the preferential paradigm with babies 2-7m reveal about speech vs non-speech

Answer 3

at all ages the babies looked longer at speech than non-speech

Question 4

t/f even newborn babies a day old will suck longer to speech than non-speech

Answer 4

true

Question 5

for english-Filipino Bilingual Newborns Mothers spoke both English and Tagalog (at least 30-70%) during pregnancy, what did they show in sucking paradigms after they were born

Answer 5

they can distinguish between the languages, but sucked about equally to both. didnt have a preference

Question 6

what method was used to find out the newborn brain responds better to forwards speech than backwards

Answer 6

fnirs (light)

Question 7

for english newborns, what preferences for forward/backward speech did they show for English and Spanish? oxygen levels?

Answer 7

English newborns showed greater activation for FW vs BW English speech, but equally strong activation to both FW and BW for Spanish
generally higher oxygen levels in RH and LH when shown the english speech

Question 8

in terms of forward/backward speech what was shown when english monolinguals were shown spanish vs whistle languages

Answer 8

english babies still showed a preference for spanish forward. able to recognise oh this is an actual language

Question 9

english newborns and 3 month infants were tested by hearing monkey sounds vs human sounds. what were the findinds

Answer 9

• at birth babies were just as happy to hear the monkey calls but at 3 months they prefered english speech

Question 10

tested babies at 6m and 10m to see if they prefer sign or pantomine. what were findings

Answer 10

hearing infants 6m-preference for ASL. but at 10m they show no preference
evidence showing preference for a linguistic stimuli at birth!!

Question 11

t/f infants prefer their own n vocalizations over those of other infants

Answer 11

t

Question 12

phonetic discrimination is __-like in infants. explain why

Answer 12

categorical

able to distinguish /pa/ and /ba/ better if you give them 2 different labels, as opposed to 2 sounds that have the same amount of phonemic variation but they’re both labelled /pa/

Question 13

talk about babies abilities to distinguish native/non-native distinctions, ages important (english vs hindi)

Answer 13

young english babies are good at discriminating it then drop off around 10m, whereas hindi babies are very good at it at 12m
* babies are born with the ability to distinguish non-native vs native distinctions, but it eventually declines in non-native lan

Question 14

babies who are worse at distinguishing native (then non-native) in the second half of the first year of life grow up to have better/worse vocab by age 2

Answer 14

worse

Question 15

t/f babies are born with different categorical distinctions for sign than they are for speech

Answer 15

false. they’re same

Question 16

there are aspects of languages that have a critical period (hence why we get accents) but ___ is not applicable critical period

Answer 16

vocabulary

Question 17

t/f your brain is learning all the time

Answer 17

f. needs breaks. open/close periods

Question 18

Premature birth, w/earlier exposure, does/does not accelerate distinguishing between hindi stops

Answer 18

does not

Question 19

whats more important experience or brain maturation

Answer 19

brain maturation!

Question 20

can exposure such as drugs change the critical period exposure time in infants

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

_____ learning seems to have a critical period. works best at __-__ m of age

Answer 21

statistical
4-7

Question 22

whats the mcgurk effect? do babies show it?

Answer 22

ex. video of saying /pa/ but they dubbed the video to look like /va/ so we think hes saying /va/ when we have the visual cues

yes

Question 23

babies can distinguish languages just by watching videos of speakers (in diff. lang). talk about the differences in ages between monolingual and bilingual babies

Answer 23

mono- at 4 months they showed the distinctions (and even 6m) but by 8m there was no diff.

bi- they could distinguish them at 8m still

Question 24

can bilingual babies maintain sensitive to speaker differences even if they don’t speak those languages? what does this tell us?

Answer 24

yes, * this shows that bilinguals maybe just have a heightened attention system. maybe not entirely about language exposure

Question 25

spanish does not have a lot of /v/ sounds. explain what would be expected of spanish speaking infants in bimodal matching /v/ as opposed to english infants (with ages)

Answer 25

thye can both bimodal match at 6m, but only the english babies were bimodal matching for /va/ by 11m * by 11m specialized in native lang!

Question 26

do infants tongue/mouth movements influence auditory speech perception/bimodal matching? explain how we know

Answer 26

yes without anything in their mouth, they did bimodal matching. if he put smth in their mouth that matched the sound they were hearing (stretched mouth and heard "ee") they can no longer do it. it interfered

Question 27

did the flat teether help/not help infants ability to distinguish the stops

Answer 27

not help