speech science

Question 1

define phonemic

Answer 1

related to abstract system of sounds

Question 2

define phonetic

Answer 2

concrete production of sounds. Physical, physiological and acoustic

Question 3

broad transcription uses what mark

Answer 3

slash / /

Question 4

phonetic transcription uses what mark

Answer 4

bracket [ ]

Question 5

what is narrow transcription

Answer 5

transcription in more detail using diacritical markers

Question 6

what is the onset of a syllable

Answer 6

initial consonants

Question 7

what is the nucleus of a syllable

Answer 7

vowel

Question 8

what is the coda of a syllable

Answer 8

consonant at the end

Question 9

what is the rime

Answer 9

nucleus and coda

Question 10

which are the syballic consonants

Answer 10

/m/, /n/, and /l/

Question 11

which phonemes are velars

Answer 11

/g/, /k/, and ng

Question 12

which phonemes are palatals

Answer 12

/j/, /r/, affricates, sh and /d3/

Question 13

what are cognate pairs

Answer 13

identical in all except voicing

Question 14

are nasals low frequency or high

Answer 14

low

Question 15

what are glides

Answer 15

semivowels or sonorants

produced by quick transition of articulators as they move from partially constricted state to open

Question 16

what are liquids

Answer 16

/r/ and /l/

produced with the least oral cavity restriction

Question 17

what is a lateral

Answer 17

/l/

midsection portion of tongue is relaxed and open, air directed through the sides

Question 18

what is the difference between tense and lax vowels

Answer 18

tense are longer with increased tension

Question 19

what are phonemic dipthongs

Answer 19

/aI/ my; /au/ cow; /oI/ boy; cannot be reduced to pure vowels without changing word meaning

Question 20

what is assimilation

Answer 20

when a sound changes to a different sound

Question 21

what are suprasegmentals

Answer 21

length, stress, rate, pitch, volume, and juncture

Question 22

what is juncture

Answer 22

vocal punctuation. Difference between I scream and ice cream

Question 23

what is a sine wave

Answer 23

wave with horizontal and vertical symmetry

Question 24

what are aperiodic waves

Answer 24

waves with random vibratory pattern. perceived as noise

Question 25

what is formant frequency

Answer 25

frequency region with concentrated acoustic energy. the center frequency of a formant which is a resonance

Question 26

what is an octave

Answer 26

doubling of a frequency interval 200 Hz one octave above 100 Hz

Question 27

what are the 2 main properties of a medium that affect transmission of sound

Answer 27

mass and elasticity

Question 28

what is a pure tone

Answer 28

tone with a single frequency

Question 29

what is frequency

Answer 29

number of cycles per second

Question 30

what is a cycle

Answer 30

compression and rarefaction

Question 31

what does the medium that transmits the sound affect

Answer 31

affects speed of sound not frequency.

Question 32

which propagates sound faster

Answer 32

elasticity and less dense

Question 33

what is amplitude

Answer 33

amount of molecular displacement which creates intensity of sound

Question 34

what is the frequency range of sounds perceptible to human ear

Answer 34

20 to 20000 Hz

Question 35

what is the sound pressure level

Answer 35

intensity of a sound

Question 36

what is the hearing level

Answer 36

minimum level of intensity to stimulate auditory system

Question 37

what is the level of frequencies that stimulate the auditory system at lower intensities

Answer 37

1000-4000 Hz

Question 38

what is the minimum level of intensity to stimulate auditory system

Answer 38

0 dB hearing level

Question 39

what is the intensity of normal conversation

Answer 39

50-70 dB SPL. Very intense is 100 which creates pain

Question 40

what is a spectograph

Answer 40

instrument that records the changing intensity levels of frequency components in a complex sound wave

Question 41

what does a spectogram display

Answer 41

time, intensity and frequency. Time on horizontal, frequency on vertical, and intensity by blackness

Question 42

what is the fundamental frequency

Answer 42

1. lowest frequency of a periodic wave 2. tone produced by vibration of folds before air reaches any cavities 3. the first harmonic

Question 43

which has a higher fundamental frequency, high or low vowels

Answer 43

high

Question 44

F1 and F2 vary by

Answer 44

F1: tongue height F2: tongue advancement