Spermatogenesis

Question 1

Cells of the Tubular Compartment

Answer 1

• Sertoli Cells (Somatic cells)
• Germ cells
• Peritubular myoid cells (PTM)

Question 2

They are the nurse cells, produces proteins and help in hormone regulation

Answer 2

Sertoli cells

Question 3

These are the precursor cells of the spermatozoa

Answer 3

Germ cells

Question 4

These are smooth muscle cells surrounding the basal lamina, part of the blood-testis barrier (BTB)

Answer 4

Peritubular myoid cells (PTM)

Question 5

Cells of the Interstitial compartment

Answer 5

• Leydig cells
• Blood vessels
• Lymphatics

Question 6

Testosterone transport protein

Answer 6

Androgen binding proteins (ABP)

Question 7

Provides detergent effect that allows cells and fluid to move through the tubular network of the testes

Answer 7

Sulfated glycoproteins (SGP1 and 2)

Question 8

Iron transport protein

Answer 8

Transferrin

Question 9

FSH suppressor

Answer 9

Inhibin

Question 10

Modulates libido, erectile function, and spermatogenesis

Answer 10

Estrogen

Question 11

Spermatogenesis significance

Answer 11

• provide continual supply of male gametes
• provide genetic diversity
• provide billions of sperm each day to maximize reproduction
• provide an immunologically privileged site where germ cells are not destroyed by male’s immune system

Question 12

It is between the basement membrane and junctional complexes, spermatogonia are also present

Answer 12

Basal compartment

Question 13

It is the compartment from junctional complexes to the lumen

Answer 13

Adluminal compartment

Question 14

Deep = ? Peripheral = ?

Answer 14

Spermatocytes ; Spermatids

Question 15

Phases of Spermatogenesis

Answer 15

Proliferation (Mitotic) Phase -> Meiotic Phase -> Differentiation phase (Spermiogenesis)

Question 16

Proliferation (Mitotic) Phase contain?

Answer 16

Spermatogonia -> Primary spermatocytes

Also stem cell renewal and apoptosis

Question 17

Meiotic phase contain?

Answer 17

Primary spermatocytes -> Secondary spermatocytes -> Spermatids

Question 18

Differentiation phase (Spermiogenesis) contains?

Answer 18

Spermatids -> Spermatozoa

Question 19

The initial stage of spermatocytogenesis and takes place in the basal compartment of seminiferous tubule

Answer 19

Proliferation Phase

Question 20

What triggers spermatogonia to undergo several mitotic divisions?

Answer 20

Retinoic acid pulses

Question 21

Three types of spermatogonia found in the basal compartment

Answer 21

• Type A spermatogonia
• Type I (intermediate) spermatogonia
• Type B spermatogonia

Question 22

How does the process Type B spermatogonia -> Primary spermatocytes occur?

Answer 22

Passes through the tight Sertoli cell junctions (part of BTB)

Question 23

It is the final stage of spermatocytogenesis and occurs in the adluminal compartment of seminiferous tubules

Answer 23

Meiotic phase

Question 24

These spermatocytes have the longest lifespan of all cell types

Answer 24

Primary lifespan
- Bull (18 - 19 days)
- Stallion (19 - 20 days)

Question 25

These spermatocytes are short-lived

Answer 25

Secondary spermatocytes (1.1 - 1.7 days)

Question 26

It is also called spermiogenesis and takes place in peripheral adluminal compartment

Answer 26

Differentiation Phase

Question 27

What hormones govern the differentiation phase?

Answer 27

FSH and Testosterone

Question 28

These are non-motile, round, and non-specialized

Answer 28

Spermatids

Question 29

These are motile, elongate, specialized components, and special surface molecules

Answer 29

Spermatozoa

Question 30

Phases of spermiogenesis

Answer 30

- Golgi phase - Cap phase - Acrosomal phase - Maturation phase

Question 31

Acrosomic vesicle formation in this phase

Answer 31

Golgi phase

Question 32

Acrosomic vesicle spreads over the nucleus of the round spermatid and the flagellum starts to form

Answer 32

Cap phase

Question 33

The spermatid nucleus and cytoplasm elongates, acrosome covers the majority of the anterior nucleus

Answer 33

Acrosomal phase

Question 34

Mitochondria are assembled around the flagellum and the flagellumi is completely formed

Answer 34

Maturation phase

Question 35

Parts of the spermatozoon’s head

Answer 35

- Nucleus - Acrosome - Post nuclear cap

Question 36

It contains the genetic material

Answer 36

Nucleus

Question 37

It is a bag of enzymes used to help the sperm enter the egg

Answer 37

Acrosome

Question 38

It is located below the acrosome and is lateral to the nucleus

Answer 38

Post nuclear cap

Question 39

These are parts of the Tail

Answer 39

- Capitulum - Middle piece - Principal piece - Terminal piece

Question 40

It is the attachment of the head to the tail, also known as the neck

Answer 40

Capitulum

Question 41

Part of the middle piece; it gives the neck region motility

Answer 41

Laminated columns

Question 42

Part of the middle piece; it provides energy

Answer 42

Mitochondrial helix

Question 43

Part of the middle piece; junction of the middle piece and principal piece

Answer 43

Annulus

Question 44

It makes up majority of the tail and is made up of microtubules, it also provides motility

Answer 44

Principal piece

Question 45

It contains only the axoneme

Answer 45

Terminal piece

Question 46

A cohort of cells that develop as a synchronous group

Answer 46

Cellular generations

Question 47

Differences at any given instant time along the length of the seminiferous tubules

Answer 47

Spermatogenic wave

Question 48

Sperm Ejaculation Pathway

Answer 48

Seminiferous tubules Rete testis Efferent ducts Epididymal duct (Caput, Corpus, Cauda) Deferent ducts Ampulla (in Bull, Stallion, Ram) Pelvic Urethra Penile Urethra Urethral Meatus

Question 49

(Bull) Total days required for 1 cycle of the seminiferous epithelium Approximate days to complete spermatogenesis

Answer 49

13.5 61

Question 50

(Ram) Total days required for 1 cycle of the seminiferous epithelium Approximate days to complete spermatogenesis

Answer 50

10.1 47

Question 51

(Boar) Total days required for 1 cycle of the seminiferous epithelium Approximate days to complete spermatogenesis

Answer 51

8.3 39

Question 52

(Stallion) Total days required for 1 cycle of the seminiferous epithelium Approximate days to complete spermatogenesis

Answer 52

12.2 55