Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroanatomy > Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the spinal cord begin?

A

Foramen magnum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does the spinal cord end in adults?

A

L1 to L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is the spinal cord located?

A

In the vertebral canal of the vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the functions of the spinal cord?

A

Sensory and motor innervation of the entire body inferior to head (via spinal nerves)

Two way condiction pathway between body and brain

Major centre for reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Until what gestation does the spinal cord run the full length of the vertebral canal?

A

12 weeks gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What causes regression of spinal cord to L3/L2 by birth?

A

Rapid growth of vertebral canal - differential rates of growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is left at the caudal end of the vertebral canal due to the regression of the spinal cord during gestation?

A

Filum terminale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the filum terminale?

A

Fibrous tissue that is a continuation of pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of the filum terminale?

A

Connects conus medullaris (caudal end of spinal cord) to coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many weeks post birth does the spinal cord reach L1/L2?

A

3 weeks post birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the embryological cause of Spina Bifida?

A

Failure of vertebrae fusion in embryonic development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which area of the spine does Spina Bifida usually occur?

A

Lumbosacral region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the four subtypes of Spina Bifida?

A

Occulta
Meningocele
Myelocele
Meningomyelocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is the rostral end of the adult spinal cord?

A

Medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the caudal end of the adult spinal cord?

A

Conus medullaris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the cauda equina?

A

Collection of nerves at the caudal end of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

At which vertebrae does the cauda equina emerge?

A

L3/L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

31 spinal nerve pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which vertebrae do the nerve roots from the cauda equina emerge from?

A

L3 - S5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which cistern is the conus medullaris located in?

A

Lumbar cistern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the meningeal layers of the spinal cord?

A

Pia

Arachnoid

Dura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the three potential spaces in the spinal cord meninges?

A

Epidural (outside the dura)

Subdural (between dura and arachnoid)

Subarachnoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the denticulate ligament?

A

Anchors the dura mater to the pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the spinal dura surrounded by?

A

Extradural venous plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does the extradural venous plexus do?

A

Drains red marrow of spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How does the extradural venous plexus facilitate metastasis of malignancies?

A

The plexus lacks valves, allows malignant cells to spread easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the two spinal enlargements?

A

Cervical enlargement (brachial plexus)

Lumbar enlargement (lumbo-sacral plexus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What does the brachial plexus innervate?

A

Upper extremities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How many cervical spinal nerves are there?

A

8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How many thoracic spinal nerves are there?

A

12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How many lumbar spinal nerves are there?

A

5

32
Q

How many sacral spinal nerves are there?

A

5

33
Q

How many coccygeal spinal nerves are there?

A

1

34
Q

Where do the spinal nerves lay in the vertebral column?

A

Intervertebral foramina

35
Q

What forms the intervertebral foramina?

A

Space between the spinal pedicles

36
Q

How is the spinal cord protected?

A

Bone - vertebral canal

Ligaments - attach adjacent vertebrae to each other and anchors dura mater

Epidural fat - acts as a cushion

Meninges - act as a buffer

37
Q

Where is CSF located in the spine?

A

Subarachnoid space

38
Q

What is a lumbar puncture?

A

Procedure performed where a needle is inserted in the subarachnoid space to collect CSF

39
Q

Why might a lumbar puncture be performed?

A

Control CSF pressure (e.g. intracranial hypertension)

Detect CSF pressure

Deliver anesthetic

Evaluate CSF for infections and inflammatory conditions

40
Q

What position must the spine be in for a lumbar puncture and why is this position important?

A

Must be flexed so the needle can pass between spinal processes

41
Q

Between which vertebrae are lumbar punctures usually performed?

A

L3-L5

42
Q

What is at the centre of the spinal cord?

A

Hollow central canal

43
Q

Which type of matter surrounds the central canal?

A

Grey matter

44
Q

Where is white matter located in the spinal cord?

A

Around the grey matter

45
Q

What is the white matter of the spinal cord composed of?

A

Ascending and descending axon tracts

46
Q

What is in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord?

A

Cell bodies of sensory interneurons

47
Q

What is in the ventral horn of the spinal cord?

A

Cell bodies of motor neurons

48
Q

Which is the ‘thicker’ horn on a diagram of a coronal section of spinal cord?

A

Anterior horn

49
Q

How are Rexed’s laminae of the grey matter of the spinal cord divided?

A

Based on cytoarchitecture

50
Q

What are laminae 1 to 3 of the spinal cord known as?

A

Substantia gelatinosa

51
Q

What is the substantia gelatinosa involved in?

A

Nociception

52
Q

What medications work on the substantia gelatinosa?

A

Opiates

53
Q

What information do the ascending fibers of the spinal cord carry?

A

Sensory information from body to brain

54
Q

What information do descending fibers of the spinal cord carry?

A

Motor instructions from brain to spinal cord to stimulate muscle contraction or secretion from glands

55
Q

What do commissural fibres of the spinal cord do?

A

Cross from one side of the spinal cord to the other

56
Q

What are three major ascending pathways for somatic sensory information in the spinal cord?

A

Dorsal column pathways

Spinocerebellar

Spinothalamic

57
Q

What are the two types of descending pathways for motor information in the spinal cord?

A

Pyramidal

Extrapyramidal

58
Q

Which two of the three major ascending pathways in the spinal cord decussate?

A

Dorsal column - medial lemniscus

Spinothalamic

59
Q

Which major ascending pathway in the spinal cord is ipsilateral and does not decussate?

A

Spinocerebellar

60
Q

What information does the spinocerebellar ascending pathway provide and where does it project to?

A

Proprioception from skeletal muscles
Projects to cerebellum

61
Q

What information does the dorsal column medial lemniscus ascending pathway provide and where does it project to?

A

Discriminative touch sensation
Projects through the thalamus to the somatosensory cortex

62
Q

What information does the spinothalamic ascending pathway provide and where does it project to?

A

Nondiscriminate sensations such as pain, temp, and pressure
Projects through the thalamus to the somatosensory cortex

63
Q

Where does the medial lemniscus pathway decussate?

A

Medulla

64
Q

Where does the spinothalamic pathway decussate?

A

Spinal cord

65
Q

Which ascending pathway decussates in the medulla oblongata?

A

Medial lemniscus pathway

66
Q

Which ascending pathway decussates in the spinal cord?

A

Spinothalamic pathway

67
Q

Which ascending pathway is involved with proprioception?

A

Spinocerebellar

68
Q

Which ascending pathway is involved with discriminative touch?

A

Medial lemniscus

69
Q

Which ascending pathway is involved with non-discriminative touch?

A

Spinothalamic

70
Q

What is an example of pyramidal descending tracts in the spinal cord?

A

Lateral corticospinal

71
Q

What information does the lateral corticospinal pathway provide?

A

Voluntary movement to limb muscles

72
Q

What information does the ventral corticospinal pathway provide?

A

Voluntary movement to axial muscles

73
Q

Which descending tract decussates in the pyramids of the medulla?

A

Lateral corticospinal

74
Q

Which descending tract decussates in the spinal cord?

A

Ventral corticospinal

75
Q

Which corticospinal descending tract is extrapyramidal?

A

Ventral corticospinal

Neuroanatomy (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions