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Neuroanatomy > Ventricular System > Flashcards

Ventricular System Flashcards

1
Q

How many ventricles are there?

A

Four
(2 lateral, third, fourth)

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2
Q

Where are the lateral ventricles located?

A

In the cerebral hemispheres

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3
Q

Where is the third ventricle located?

A

By thalamus and hypothalamus

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4
Q

Where is the fourth ventricle located?

A

Located by pons, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum

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5
Q

Which embryonic structure do the lateral ventricles originate from?

A

Telencephalon

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6
Q

Which embryonic structure does the third ventricle originate from?

A

Diencephalon

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7
Q

Which embryonic structure does the fourth ventricle originate from?

A

Metencephalon

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8
Q

Which embryonic structure does the cerebral aqueduct develop from?

A

Mesencephalon

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9
Q

How do the ventricles develop from embryonic layers?

A

Outpouches form

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10
Q

Do the lateral ventricles communicate with each other?

A

No

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11
Q

Do the lateral ventricles communicate with the third ventricle?

A

Yes

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12
Q

How do the lateral and third ventricles communicate?

A

Via the interventricular foramen of Monro

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13
Q

What are the three horns of the lateral ventricles?

A

Anterior, posterior, and inferior horns

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14
Q

What structure forms the roof of the lateral ventricles?

A

Corpus callosum

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15
Q

What structure forms the floor of the lateral ventricles?

A

Caudate nucleus

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16
Q

What structure forms the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles?

A

Thalamus

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17
Q

What does the septum pellucidum do?

A

Separates the lateral ventricles

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18
Q

What structure forms the medial wall separating the lateral ventricles?

A

Septum pellucidum

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19
Q

Which structure creates CSF?

A

Choroid plexus

20
Q

Where is the choroid plexus found in the lateral ventricles?

A

Body of the ventricle

21
Q

What cell type creates CSF?

A

Ependymal cells

22
Q

What structure connects the third and fourth ventricles?

A

Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius

23
Q

Which brain structures is the third ventricle bounded by?

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

24
Q

What is the fourth ventricle continuous with?

A

The central canal of the spinal cord

25
Q

Between which brain structures is the fourth ventricle located?

A

Posterior to the medulla oblongata and pons, anterior to cerebellum

26
Q

How many openings does the fourth ventricle have?

A

Three foramina
2x Luschka
1x Magendie

27
Q

What are the foramina of the fourth ventricle?

A

2x Luschka - lateral
1x Magendie - posterior

28
Q

What structure is at the inferior end of the central canal?

A

Terminal ventricle

29
Q

What does CSF contain?

A

Inorganic salts, glucose, trace proteins, lymphocytes

30
Q

At what pressure is CSF maintained at?

A

8-15mmHg

31
Q

What is the total volume of CSF?

A

135-150mls

32
Q

How often is CSF recycled in the brain?

A

4 times a day

33
Q

What volume of CSF is produced each day?

A

Around 500mls

34
Q

What are the four functions of CSF?

A

Protection via buffering brain

Buoyancy via reducing net weight of brain and relieving pressure at base of brain

Removal of waste products from CSF to blood

Endocrine functions via transport of hormones

35
Q

Where is CSF produced?

A

In choroid plexus in the ventricles

36
Q

Where is the majority of CSF drained?

A

Via arachnoid granulations in superior sagittal sinus

37
Q

What structure stops the backflow of blood into ventricular system?

A

Arachnoid villi act as one way valves

38
Q

How does pressure influence the flow of CSF?

A

If CSF pressure is greater than venous pressure so CSF flows into bloodstream and not the other way round.

If venous pressure is greater than CSF pressure, blood would flow into ventricular system however arachnoid villi prevent this

39
Q

What is hydrocephalus?

A

Overproduction of CSF

40
Q

What are the two subtypes of hydrocephalus?

A

Communicating (defective absorption)

Non communicating (obstruction)

41
Q

What are the four potential causes of hydrocephalus?

A

Overproduction of CSF

Defective absorption of CSF

Venous drainage insufficiency

Obstruction in ventricular system

42
Q

In communicating hydrocephalus, what is the most likely cause for the condition?

A

Defective absorption of CSF

43
Q

In communicating hydrocephalus, what is the rarest cause for the condition?

A

CSF overproduction

44
Q

In communicating hydrocephalus, what is an unusual cause for the condition?

A

Venous drainage insufficiency

45
Q

What is the treatment for hydrocephalus?

A

Depends on cause

Surgical interventions include resection of obstruction and/or insertion of a shunt to redirect CSF to a blood vessel or the abdomen

Neuroanatomy (14 decks)

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