Ventricular System

Question 1

How many ventricles are there?

Answer 1

Four
(2 lateral, third, fourth)

Question 2

Where are the lateral ventricles located?

Answer 2

In the cerebral hemispheres

Question 3

Where is the third ventricle located?

Answer 3

By thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 4

Where is the fourth ventricle located?

Answer 4

Located by pons, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum

Question 5

Which embryonic structure do the lateral ventricles originate from?

Answer 5

Telencephalon

Question 6

Which embryonic structure does the third ventricle originate from?

Answer 6

Diencephalon

Question 7

Which embryonic structure does the fourth ventricle originate from?

Answer 7

Metencephalon

Question 8

Which embryonic structure does the cerebral aqueduct develop from?

Answer 8

Mesencephalon

Question 9

How do the ventricles develop from embryonic layers?

Answer 9

Outpouches form

Question 10

Do the lateral ventricles communicate with each other?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

Do the lateral ventricles communicate with the third ventricle?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

How do the lateral and third ventricles communicate?

Answer 12

Via the interventricular foramen of Monro

Question 13

What are the three horns of the lateral ventricles?

Answer 13

Anterior, posterior, and inferior horns

Question 14

What structure forms the roof of the lateral ventricles?

Answer 14

Corpus callosum

Question 15

What structure forms the floor of the lateral ventricles?

Answer 15

Caudate nucleus

Question 16

What structure forms the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles?

Answer 16

Thalamus

Question 17

What does the septum pellucidum do?

Answer 17

Separates the lateral ventricles

Question 18

What structure forms the medial wall separating the lateral ventricles?

Answer 18

Septum pellucidum

Question 19

Which structure creates CSF?

Answer 19

Choroid plexus

Question 20

Where is the choroid plexus found in the lateral ventricles?

Answer 20

Body of the ventricle

Question 21

What cell type creates CSF?

Answer 21

Ependymal cells

Question 22

What structure connects the third and fourth ventricles?

Answer 22

Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius

Question 23

Which brain structures is the third ventricle bounded by?

Answer 23

Thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 24

What is the fourth ventricle continuous with?

Answer 24

The central canal of the spinal cord

Question 25

Between which brain structures is the fourth ventricle located?

Answer 25

Posterior to the medulla oblongata and pons, anterior to cerebellum

Question 26

How many openings does the fourth ventricle have?

Answer 26

Three foramina 2x Luschka 1x Magendie

Question 27

What are the foramina of the fourth ventricle?

Answer 27

2x Luschka - lateral 1x Magendie - posterior

Question 28

What structure is at the inferior end of the central canal?

Answer 28

Terminal ventricle

Question 29

What does CSF contain?

Answer 29

Inorganic salts, glucose, trace proteins, lymphocytes

Question 30

At what pressure is CSF maintained at?

Answer 30

8-15mmHg

Question 31

What is the total volume of CSF?

Answer 31

135-150mls

Question 32

How often is CSF recycled in the brain?

Answer 32

4 times a day

Question 33

What volume of CSF is produced each day?

Answer 33

Around 500mls

Question 34

What are the four functions of CSF?

Answer 34

Protection via buffering brain Buoyancy via reducing net weight of brain and relieving pressure at base of brain Removal of waste products from CSF to blood Endocrine functions via transport of hormones

Question 35

Where is CSF produced?

Answer 35

In choroid plexus in the ventricles

Question 36

Where is the majority of CSF drained?

Answer 36

Via arachnoid granulations in superior sagittal sinus

Question 37

What structure stops the backflow of blood into ventricular system?

Answer 37

Arachnoid villi act as one way valves

Question 38

How does pressure influence the flow of CSF?

Answer 38

If CSF pressure is greater than venous pressure so CSF flows into bloodstream and not the other way round. If venous pressure is greater than CSF pressure, blood would flow into ventricular system however arachnoid villi prevent this

Question 39

What is hydrocephalus?

Answer 39

Overproduction of CSF

Question 40

What are the two subtypes of hydrocephalus?

Answer 40

Communicating (defective absorption) Non communicating (obstruction)

Question 41

What are the four potential causes of hydrocephalus?

Answer 41

Overproduction of CSF Defective absorption of CSF Venous drainage insufficiency Obstruction in ventricular system

Question 42

In communicating hydrocephalus, what is the most likely cause for the condition?

Answer 42

Defective absorption of CSF

Question 43

In communicating hydrocephalus, what is the rarest cause for the condition?

Answer 43

CSF overproduction

Question 44

In communicating hydrocephalus, what is an unusual cause for the condition?

Answer 44

Venous drainage insufficiency

Question 45

What is the treatment for hydrocephalus?

Answer 45

Depends on cause Surgical interventions include resection of obstruction and/or insertion of a shunt to redirect CSF to a blood vessel or the abdomen