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Neurobio Final > Spinal cord - Part II > Flashcards

Spinal cord - Part II Flashcards

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1
Q

Which ascending tracts decussate in the spinal cord?

A
  • anterolateral system: anterior and lateral spinothalmic tracts
  • anterior spincerebellar tract
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2
Q

Where are the central processes of the 1st order neurons of the sensory afferent system located?

A

CNS

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3
Q

Do the central processes of the 1st order neurons in the CNS cross over? if so where?

A

some do, some dont
- in the anterior white commissure

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4
Q

Where are the sensory afferent processes of the 1st order neuron located in the fasciculus?

A

dorsal, anterior and lateral funiculus

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5
Q

What do pseudo-unipolar neurons in the sensory system do?

A
  • sensory detection
  • elongated part = cauda equina, descending tracts are long
  • inside still gets myelin sheath from oligodendrocytes
  • MS can affect cauda equina
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6
Q

What is in the DCML?

A
  • fasciculus gracilis
  • fasciculus cuneatus
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7
Q

Somatotopy is __________ in the DCML

A

maintained

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8
Q

Is there decussation in the spinal cord in the DCML?

A

NO

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9
Q

What medical emergency can happen at T6 of the DCML?

A

Autonomic dysreflexia

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10
Q

What levels contain the sympathetic 1st order neurons?

A

T1-L2
- maintain BP
- Above T6, decending tracts compromised = constrict blood vessels below, increase BP, reflexes decreased
-

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11
Q

Which is below T6?

A

fasciculus gracilis

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12
Q

Which is above T6?

A

fasciculus cuneatus

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13
Q

What functions do giant myeinate axons have?

A

propriocception, fine touch, and vibration

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14
Q

Where does sensory decussation happen?

A

caudal medulla

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15
Q

What forms the medial leminiscus?

A

2nd order neurons

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16
Q

What is another name for the anterolateral system?

A

spinthalmic tract (STT)

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17
Q

What kind of axons are in the STT?

A

poorly (i.e. A delta) or nonmyelinated (C-fiber) axons

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18
Q

Where do the axons in the STT synapse?

A

with 2nd order neurons in the dorsal horn, either 2 or 1

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19
Q

What is the function of the lateral spinothalmic tract?

A

sharp pain/temperature/crude touch/itch

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20
Q

Where does the lateral spinothalmic tract decussate?

A

anterior white commissure

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21
Q

Is the somatotopy maintained in the lateral spinothalmic tract?

A

YES

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22
Q

What is the function of the anterior spinothalmic tract?

A

Diffuse Pain
- aka 2nd pain
- c-fibers conduct signsals into spinal cord, project bilaterally, some cross over, some ascend through same side

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23
Q

Where does the anterior spinothalmic tract project?

A

bilaterally!

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24
Q

Is the somatotopy maintained in the anterior spinothalamic tract?

A

NO
- can lead to chronic pain

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25
Where are the 2nd order neurons of the spinocerebellar tract located?
lateral funiculus, in Clarke's Nucleus
26
How to the second order neruons in the posterior spincerebellar tract ascend to the cerebellum
ipsilaterally
27
What lamina has the 2nd order neurons of the posterior spinocerebellar tract?
Lamina VII
28
What is the function of the posterior spinocerebellar tract?
unconcious proprioception - important for learning new skills!
29
Where do the 2nd order neurons of the anterior spinocerebellar tract decussate?
anterior white commissure contralateral ascending to cerebellum
30
What is the function of the anterior spinocerebellar tract?
- motor information only sensory organs in muscle fibers = muscle spindle = motor to sensory "translator" change motion to sensory feedback
31
What tract does motor to sensory feedback?
Anterior spinocerebellar!
32
Which ascending pathways maintain their somatotopy?
- DCML - lSTT (> lateral)
33
What is the medial to lateral presentation of the DCML?
lower to upper limb/neck
34
What is posterior to anterior of the DCML?
proprioception, vibration and fine touch - proprioception is posteriorly - vibration is middle - fine touch is inside closer to Lamina X
35
What is anterior to posterior of the lateral spinothalmic tract (lSTT)?
different modalities - i.e. pain, temp, crude touch
36
What is lateral to medial with the lateral of the lateral spinothalmamic tract (lSTT)?
lower to upper limb/neck
37
What can we detect modalities with a PCA stroke?
thalamic pain, due to the lSTT
38
Which ascending tracts are uncrossed?
- FG: fasciculus gracilis (LL below T6) - FC: fascuculus cuneatus (above T6) - LT: lissauer's tract (arrives at C2 decussates into spinal trigemical tract for head) - DSCT and RSCT (dorsal and rostral) -> posteror spinocerebellar tract (maintains head potisition, chickens)
39
Which ascending tracts are crossing?
- STT: lateral spinothalamic tract (sharp pain, crude touch, temp) - VSCT: anterior spinocerebellar tract (motor info) - SRT: anterior STT, spinoreticular tract (c-fibers project bilat to many levels esp to RF in brainstem, why we have emotional cues with pain)
40
Is the substantia gelatinosa in which lamina of the gray matter?
- Lamina II: mainly the diffuse pain pathway
41
Which fiber type do sharp pain?
A delta - usually for reflexes (i.e. hot touch, withdrawal)
42
What is the orientation of the LMN in the ventral horn from medial to lateral?
trunk control medially, laterally for extremities - Axial to distal extremity from medial to lateral
43
What is the orientation of the LMN in the ventral horn from anterior to posterior?
Extensors anterior to flexors posterior
44
What type of neurons are LMN in the ventral horn?
- multipolar
45
What do LMN in the ventral horn like to do?
cluster together - motor neuron pools/motor neuron nuclei - never alone
46
What is the largest muscle in the body and its innervation?
sartorious - Femoral n (L2-L4) - ASIS to pes anserine
47
How are LMN in the ventral horn posittioned? How do they innervate muscles?
cranial to caudal and innervation of proximal to distal muscle fibers
48
ALL descending tracts cross over before what?
medulla oblongata * BUT some tracts control both sides
49
What does 70-90% of the lateral corticospinal (lCST) tract do?
decussation at pyramid
50
What does 10-30% of the lateral corticospinal tract do?
ipsilateral lateral corticospinal tract withotu decussation - descend on the same side, dont cross over - can recover better if stroke here becuase ipsilateral
51
Is the somatotopy maintained with the lateral corticospinal tract?
NO somatotopy maintained below the pons
52
What are the lateral funiculus motor tracts?
- lCST (lateral corticospinal tract) - RuST (rubrospinal tract) - mRST (Meduallary reticulospinal tract)
53
Where does the rubrospinal tract run in the lateral funiculus?
red nucleus to spinal cord at upper thoracic level
54
What does the medullary reticulospinal tract control?
flexors of extremities - more distal = fine motor control - more proximal = gross motor control
55
All of which lateral funiculus tracts descend unilaterally?
- All 1a, 2a, and mRST (2b) descending unilaterally
56
What are the motor tracts in the anterior funiculus?
- pRST (pontine reticulospinal tract) - mVST (medial vistibulospinal tract) - lVST (lateral vestibulospinal tract) - mCST (medial corticospinal tract)
57
Where does the pontine reticulospinal tract run?
- reticular formation in brain stem to spinal cord
58
Where does the medial vestibulospinal tract end?
in the upper thoracic spinal cord
59
Is the medial vestibulospinal tract more anterior or posterior to the lateral vestibulospinal tract?
medial and lateral
60
What nuclei do the mVST and lVST come from?
the vestibular nuclei, CNVIII
61
What happens with decussation of the medial corticospinal tract?
10-30% dont cross over
62
Except for the lVST, all other anterior funiculus motor tracts descend ____________
bilaterally - project both sides through anterior white commissure
63
What are the functions of the motor tracts descending anteiror funiculus?
trunk posterior control
64
Which ascending tracts maintain somatotopy?
- DCML system - Lateral spinothalamic tract
65
What does propriospinal mean?
in spinal cord, never cross-talk with outside
66
What are the propriospinal neurons in the spinal cord?
- all interneurons - somata and axons only in the spinal cord
67
What percentage of spinal nerurons are propriospinal?
>90%
68
Where are propriospinal neurons mainly located?
surrounding gray matter and Rexed laminae III
69
What is the fasciculus proprius?
- propriospinal - 1 in medial projects bilaterally - 1 control only same side projects ipsilaterally
70
What are propriospinal bilateral medial projections for?
trunk control
71
What are bilateral ipsilateral propriospinal neurons and tracts for?
trunk or extremity control
72
Propriospinal neurons are ______ pattern generators
central - run by its self, automatic movements - cut medulla oblongata but still able to walk on treadmill because is automatic
73
Same side propriospinal neurons control what?
LMN
74
Contralateral propriospinal neurons do what?
interact with other interneurons
75
What are the symptoms produced by brown sequard syndrome?
Ipsilateral weakness and contralateral numbness
76
What are the ipsilateral signs/symptoms of brown sequard?
- motor functional loss - proprioception/vibration/fine touch loss - posterior spinocerebellar tract for unconcious proprioception impaired = balance issues
77
What kind of injury is brown sequard?
hemispinal injury
78
What are the contralateral signs/symptoms with brown sequard?
- anterolateral system ~2 levels up - anterior spinocerebellar tract impaired: pain, crude touch, temp, cross over for motor functions, info back to cerebellum = ataxia! trouble walking!
79
What is the level formula for Brown Sequard?
L = P + 2 - so if T3, two above SCI at T1 - L1 SCI patient will feel L3 dematomal pain
80
What is a syrinx?
- cyst in the spinal cord (syringomyelia) or brainstem (syringobulbia)
81
What is compressed with a syrinx?
anterior white commissure
82
What system is impaired with a syrinx?
bilateral anterolateral system - results in "belt" of pain, may feel tight - dermatome compromised
83
What dermatome will have pain/paresthesia with a syrinx?
- same dermatome bilaterally
84
What kind of unique symptoms do you get with a syrinx above C2?
Head/scalp symptoms because spinal trigeminal tract descends to C2
85
Above what spinal cord level do you get head and scalp syninx symptoms?
C2
86
Which descending tracts are in the lateral funiculus?
- rubrospinal tract - lateral corticospinal tract - medullary reticulospinal tract
87
A patient complains of belt-like numbness around the belly button. What is the most possible cause?
Syrinx - lesion located at T8 because T10-2 =T8 - dermatome, SCI 2 levels up

Neurobio Final (9 decks)

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