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Neurobio Final > Spinal cord - Part I > Flashcards

Spinal cord - Part I Flashcards

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1
Q

Which laminate of the spinal cord gray matter contains the parasympathetic motor neurons?

A

Lamina VII (or lamina IX in the lamina VII) of S2-S4 spinal cord level

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2
Q

What are lamina?

A
  • divide gray matter of spinal cord based on functions into 10 divisions
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3
Q

Where does the spinal cord start?

A

foramen magnum

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4
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

T12-L2

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5
Q

What is the cauda equina?

A

central processes, part of CNS
- Horse tail

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6
Q

Why is there a mis match of spinal cord and vertebral column regions?

A
  • when born SC occupies all of canal, bones grow faster, SC shrinks, thoracic region ends at T10, cervical region matches
  • WHY HERNIATION COMPRESSES A LEVEL LOWER
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7
Q

What is the purpose of cervical enlargement?

A
  • Cervical Plexus: anterior neck (not much motor function)
  • Brachial Plexus: upper limb

Need more neurons to supply extremities!

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8
Q

What is the purpose of Lumbosacral enlargement?

A
  • lumbar plexus: anterior/medial thigh, leg+foot sensory
  • Sacral plexus: other parts of the lower limb i.e. gluteal region, posterior lower thigh, leg, foot
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9
Q

What does the vertebral column contain?

A

the spinal cord

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10
Q

What does the intervertebral foramen contain?

A

spinal nerves

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11
Q

What makes up the spinal canal?

A

vertebral foramen and sacral canal

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12
Q

What are the three layers of meninges in the spinal cord?

A
  1. Dura
  2. Arachnoid
  3. Pia
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13
Q

What does the dura matter form?

A

filum terminal externum lig, dura sac

  • lig fixes dura sac to coccyx
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14
Q

What are the functoins of the ligaments in the meninges?

A

fixes spinal cord so not so much mobility

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15
Q

What ligament does the arachnoid mater form?

A

NONE

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16
Q

What ligament does the pia mater form?

A
  • denticulate ligament (teeth like, fixes spinal cord ot dura mater and outside, remember “always gotta pee at the dentist”)
  • filum terminale internum
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17
Q

What is in the epidual space?

A

fat/vessels
- injury or bleeding is not an medical emergency like the brain

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18
Q

What is in the subarachnoid space?

A

CSF
- suspendes spinal cord in dural sac, provides mobility
- pushed out more than in if bleeding, still not an emergency

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19
Q

What is the subdural space?

A

potential space
- doesnt exist without bleeding, not a true space
- push out or in and not a big problem

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20
Q

What provides blood supply to the spinal cord?

A

1 anterior spinal artery
2 posterior spinal arterises
- Both get segmental support

  • 2 vertebral arteries ascend into cranium, each gives off a small branch, runs together to form anterior spinal artery
  • PICA gives off posterior spinal arteries
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21
Q

What is special about C6?

A

when the cervical arteries ascend through transverse foramen

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22
Q

What portion of the spinal cord is supplied by the anterior spinal artery?

A
  • 2/3 spinal cord, gives off central branches
  • alternating segment
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23
Q

What is important about the alternating segment of the anterior spinal artery?

A

Only to R or L
- small column of spinal cord supplied on respective side
- if blocked by stroke = produce S&S of Brown Sequard Syndrome, only 1/2 of spinal cord affected

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24
Q

Compare and contrast MS and GB

A

MS - CNS, oligodendrocyte myelin sheath
GB - PNS, Schwann cell myelin sheath

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25
What does the anterior white commissure connect?
where white matter connects both sides of the spinal cord - ascending tracts cross over - level 1,2,4 motor control tracts descending cross over here too
26
What kind of matter is more in the proximal spinal cord?
white matter
27
What kind of matter is more in the distal spinal cord?
gray matter
28
What is fasciculus cuneatus and where is it found?
FC, above T6 - more medial than FG - mainly sensory - white matter
29
What is fasciculus gracilis and where is it found?
FG, below T6 - more lateral compared to FC - ascending tracts - white matter
30
What is Lissauer's tract?
- dorsal horn has white matter, sensory tracts get in to spinal cord - white matter
31
What are the components of grey matter?
substantial gelatinosa and intermediolateral horn
32
What is substantia gelatinosa?
- important for pain pathways and pain control - grey matter
33
What is intermediolateral horn?
- only on thoracic region T1-T2 - 1st neuron for sympathetic 1st cell (Vm)
34
How many rexed laminae are there?
10
35
What is lamina I?
Marginal Zone - all levels - some spinothalmic tract cells
36
What is lamina II?
substantial gelatinosa - All levels - modulate transmission of pain and temperature information - SENSORY
37
What is lamina III-VI?
Body of posterior horn - all levels - SENSORY PROCESSING
38
What is lamina VII sensory?
Clarke's Nucleus - T1-T2 - Posterior spinocerebellar tract cells - SENSORY
39
What are lamina VII visceral motor functionS?
Intermediolateral column - T1-L2 - pregangiolic sympathetic neurons - 1st cell for parasympathetic nervous system Sacral parasympathetic Nucleus - S1-S4 (splanchnic nerve) - Pregangioloic parasympathetic neurons to pelvic viscera - 1st cell for parasympathetic nervous system
40
What are the somatic motor function sof lamina IX?
Accessory Nucleus - C1-C5 - Motor neurons to SCM and Trap - CN XI Phrenic Nucleus - C3-C5 - motor neurons to diaphragm - "C3, C4. C5 keep the diaphragh alive" - phrenic nerve
41
What is Lissauer's tract name when ascending?
Posterolateral fasciculus to Spinal Trigeminal Tract - When ascending from spinal cord to medulla: where trunk and head run together, changes name - Face and head sensory, descends to C2 level = posterolateral fasciculus
42
What does the laminate II ~ IV transform into?
Spinal trigeminal nucelus - descends to C2 level
43
Which structures form the ligaments to improve the stability of the spinal cord in the spinal canal?
- dura matter: filum terminale external segment - Pia mater: denticulate lig and filum terminale internal segment
44
What Lamina do somatic motor/efferent functions for the whole spinal cord?
Lamina IX in lamina VIII
45
What lamina do somatic sensory/afferent for the whole spinal cord except C1?
Lamina I~VI * C1 is ONLY Sm
46
What kind of visceral motor functions are in T1-L2?
Sympathetic
47
What kind of visceral motor functions are in S2-S4?
Parasympathetic
48
What Lamina do the visceral motor/efferent functions for T1-L2 and S2-S4?
Lamina IX in Lamina VII
49
What lamina do visceral sensory?
follows Vm - Lamina I~VI
50
What is the big difference between Ss and Vs?
Not one!
51
What does somatic motor control?
- Body wall, extremity - Conscious sensation and volunarty motor control
52
What does visceral motor control?
- internal organs (some in skin) > i.e. intestines moving - subconscious sensation and involuntary motor control > i.e. cant control HR
53
What does sympathetic motor in the T1~L2 spinal cord region but all spinal nerves?
* sympathetic trunk: paravertebral ganglia * splanchnic nerves * sweat glands, arrector pili, blood vessels, visceral organs * adrenal gland medulla
54
What do the splanchnic nerves go to?
prevertebral/preaortic ganglia - anterior to aorta, parallel to vertebral column - post ganglionic axons form splanchnic nerve to internal organs
55
What kind of ganglion is the adrenal gland?
a sympathetic ganglion
56
What CN do parasympathetic for brainstem?
- CN III - CN VII - CN IX - CN X
57
What does the spinal parasympathetic go to?
the sacral spinal cord - pelvic splanchinc nerve S2-S4
58
What does parasympathetic motor NOT supply?
the somatic wall - sympathetic does, behaves like parasympathetic functions
59
Which rexed laminae contains 1st cell of the visceral motor?
Laminae VII from T1~T2 and S2~S4
60
How do the sympathetic motor functions distribute to all the spinal nerves?
sympathetic trunk and paravertebral ganglia

Neurobio Final (9 decks)

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