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Spinal Nerves Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Which innervation pathway brings information into the brain (CNS) from the environment (periphery)?

A

sensory (afferent)

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2
Q

Which pathway causes information to flow out of the CNS?

A

motor (efferent)

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3
Q

What does the CNS consist of?

A

brain

spinal cord

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4
Q

What does the PNS consist of?

A 
cranial nerves (12 pairs)
spinal nerves (31 pairs)
ganglia
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5
Q

collection of neuron cell bodies OUTSIDE the CNS

A

ganglion

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6
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves?

A

12

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7
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves?

A

31

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8
Q

Do sensory and motor innervation overlap?

A

no

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9
Q

Do sensory or motor neurons have a single axon that divides and has a ganglion between the 2 axon ends/

A

sensory

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10
Q

Which part of the neuron carries impulse out the the muscle to contract?

A

axon of motor neuron

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11
Q

Which type of innervation concerns the body wall?

A

somatic

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12
Q

Which type of innervation concerns the internal organs?

A

visceral

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13
Q

innervation to skeletal muscle and skin is what type of innervation?

A

somatic

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14
Q

innervation of the heart is what type of innervation?

A

visceral

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15
Q

Do the functional dichotomies of the NS intersect?

A

yes

  • somatic sensory
  • somatic motor
  • visceral sensory
  • visceral motor
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16
Q

What are the functional dichotomies of the NS?

A

central vs. peripheral
sensory vs. motor
somatic vs. visceral

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17
Q

What is the target tissue of somatic motor innervation?

A

skeletal muscle

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18
Q

The diaphragm is which type of innervation?

A

somatic motor

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19
Q

Is somatic motor innervation conscious/unconscious?

A

conscious (voluntary)

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20
Q

How many neurons connect the CNS to the target muscle?

A

ONE

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21
Q

Which type of innervation carries info FROM skin and musculoskeletal system?

A

somatic sensory

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22
Q

Which type of innervation carries sensory info about external environment?

A

somatic sensory

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23
Q

Is somatic sensory innervation conscious/unconscious?

A

usually perceived consciously

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24
Q

How many neurons connect the sit of stimulus to the CNS in somatic sensory innervation?

A

ONE

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25
Examples of somatic sensory stimuli:
- pain (from cutting, tearing, crushing, inflammation, or burning- heat/chemical) - temp - touch - pressure - vibration
26
stimuli that can be felt by the skin
somatic sensory stimuli
27
Division of the mesoderm that gives rise to bone, skeletal muscle, and dermis (below head):
paraxial mesoderm
28
How many pairs of somites are there?
37 pairs
29
``` Pairs of somites: __ occipital __ cervical __ thoracic __ lumbar __ sacral __ coccygeal ```
``` 4 8 12 5 5 3 ```
30
How many pairs of somitomeres?
7
31
Which myotome gives rise to skin (dermis) and muscle?
dermamyotome
32
the cells of the sclerotome give rise to what?
bone
33
epaxial dermamyotomes give rise to what?
intrinsic (deep) back muscles and dermis that covers them | NOTHING ELSE
34
Which dermamyotomes give rise to intrinsic (deep) back muscles and dermis that covers them; NOTHING ELSE?
Epaxial
35
hypaxial dermamyotomes give rise to what?
all other skeletal muscle and dermis below neck, including limbs
36
Which dermamyotomes give rise to all other skeletal muscle and dermis below neck, including limbs?
hypaxial
37
What must be available to each individual somite?
innervation and blood supply
38
Do epaxial and hypaxial dermamyotomes have combined or separate supplies?
separate
39
In what way is the spinal cord segmented?
functionally
40
Each level of the spinal cord has ___ ____ that serve the tissues that originate from the same pair, including a _____ pair.
cell bodies | somite
41
Each _____ pair is associated with a pair of spinal nerves.
somite
42
Are each of the 31 pairs of spinal nerves associated with a pair of somites?
yes
43
In which direction are the spinal nerves numbered?
superior to inferior
44
How many pairs of cervical spinal nerves?
8 (C1-C8)
45
How many pairs of thoracic spinal nerves?
12 (T1-T12)
46
How many pairs of lumbar spinal nerves?
5 (L1-L5)
47
How many pairs of sacral spinal nerves?
5 (S1-S5) | **S5 = dermatome only
48
How many pairs of coccygeal nerves?
1 (Co1) = dermatome only
49
Which spinal nerves are dermatomes only?
S5 and Co1
50
Which spinal nerves have somatic sensory components?
all
51
Which spinal nerves have somatic motor components?
all EXCEPT S5 and Co1
52
Why do S5 and Co1 not have somatic motor components?
don't give rise to any muscle
53
Which spinal nerves carry sympathetic axons?
all
54
Which spinal nerves carry parasympathetic axons?
S2-S4 ONLY
55
Where are cell bodies of somatic motor innervation located in the spinal cord?
ventral horn of SC gray matter`
56
Somatic motor axons leave the spinal cord via the ______ ______ of the spinal nerves.
ventral roots
57
What makes up the white matter of the SC?
myelinated axons
58
What makes up the gray matter of the SC?
cell bodies
59
What does the ventral root split into in somatic motor innervation?
ventral and dorsal ramus
60
Intrinsic (deep) back muscles are derived from _____ dermamyotomes and are supplied by ____ _____.
epaxial | dorsal rami
61
All other skeletal muscles below the head are derived from ______ dermamyotomes and are supplied by ____ ____.
hypaxial | ventral rami

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