Spine - Contractile (Week 4)

Question 1

Extrinsic Back Muscles

Answer 1

Latissimus Dorsi, Trapezius, Levator Scapulae, Rhomboids (Thoracolumbar Fascia)

Question 2

General anchored attachments of muscles of spine

Answer 2

Pelvis

Question 3

Overall Function of Intrinsic Superficial/Intermediate Back Muscles

Answer 3

Angular Movements, Can apply compressive force to IVJs and facets, produce power, resist gravity

Question 4

Intrinsic Superficial Back Muscles

Answer 4

Splenius Capitis, Cervicis

Question 5

Splenius Capitis Attachments

Answer 5

D: Mastoid Process, Occiput
P: Lower 1/2 Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T3/4, supraspinous ligament

Question 6

Splenius Capitis A/NS

Answer 6

Unilateral: Lateral Flexion, Ipsilateral Rotation
Bilateral: Neck Extension
NS: Posterior rami of spinal nerves

Question 7

Cervicis Attachments

Answer 7

D: Transverse processes of C1-C3/4
P: Spinous processes of T3/4-T6

Question 8

Cervicis A/NS

Answer 8

Unilateral: Lateral Flexion, Ipsilateral Rotation
Bilateral: Neck Extension
NS: Posterior rami of spinal nerves

Question 9

Intrinsic Intermediate Back Muscles

Answer 9

Erector Spinae Group (Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis)

Question 10

Erector Spinae Group Med. to Lat.

Answer 10

Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis

Question 11

Spinalis Regions/Attachments

Answer 11

Regions: Capitus, cervicis, thoracis, spans serveral vertebral segments
D: Upper thoracic spinous processes, cranium
P: supraspinous ligament, lumbar/thoracic spinous processes

Question 12

Spinalis Action/NS

Answer 12

A: unilateral lat. flexion, bilateral back/neck extension
NS: posterior rami spinal nerves

Question 13

Longissimus Regions/Att.

Answer 13

Regions: capitis, cervivis, thoracis
D: ribs, mastoid process
P: broad tendon, supraspinous ligament, sacroiliac ligaments, median sacral crest, posterior iliac crest, lumbar/thoracic spinous processes

Question 14

Longissimus A/NS

Answer 14

Unilateral: lateral flexion
Bilateral: back and neck extension
NS: posterior rami spinal nerves

Question 15

Iliocostalis Regions/Att.

Answer 15

Regions: cervicis, thoracis, lumborum, spans many vertebral segments
D: angles of ribs, cervical thoracic processes
P: broad tendon, supraspinous ligament, sacroiliac ligaments, median sacral crest, posterior iliac crest, lumbar/thoracic spinous processes

Question 16

Iliocostalis A/NS

Answer 16

Unilateral: lateral flexion, rotation
Bilateral: back and neck extension
NS: posterior rami spinal nerves

Question 17

Deep Intrinsic Transversospinalis Muscles
(General Function/Characteristics)

Answer 17

Span from spinous processes to transverse processes
Sits closer to axis of movement, spans lesser segments than erector spinae
More involved in preventing shear/accessory movements
Run in oblique direction

Question 18

Transversospinalis Group

Answer 18

Semispinalis, Multifidus, Rotatores

Question 19

Semispinalis Regions/Att.

Answer 19

Regions: capitis, cervicis (well developed), thoracis, spans 4-6 segments
D: occiput, nuchal ligament
P: transverse processes of C4-T12

Question 20

Semispinalis A/NS

Answer 20

Unilateral: rotation of cervical region
Bilateral: extension of vertebral column
NS: posterior rami spinal neves

Question 21

Multifidus Regions/Att.

Answer 21

Regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar (well developed), spans 2-4 segments
D: whole length of spinous processes of vertebrae
P (Lumbar): posterior sacrum, PSIS, erector spinae aponeurosis, sacroiliac ligaments
P (Thoracic): all thoracic transverse processes
P (Cervical): articular processes

Question 22

Multifius A/NS

Answer 22

A: stabilise vertebrae during local movement of vertebral column/trunk
NS: posterior rami spinal nerves

Question 23

Rotatores Regions/Att.

Answer 23

Regions: thoracic (well developed), spans 1-2 segments
D: lamina of vertebrae
P: transverse processes of vertebrae below

Question 24

Rotatores A/NS

Answer 24

A: stabilise vertebrae during local movements of vertebrae/trunk, proprioceptive
NS: posterior rami spinal nerves

Question 25

Deep Minor Group

Answer 25

Interspinalis, Intertransversarii

Question 26

Deep Minor Group A/NS

Answer 26

A: stabilise vertebrae NS: posterior rami of spinal nerves

Question 27

General Function of Superficial, Intermediate, Deep Intrinsic Back Muscles

Answer 27

Superficial: Acts on head and neck Intermediate: Global movements of vertebral column Deep: local movements and postural support

Question 28

Quadratus Lumborum Att.

Answer 28

D: lower border of 12th rib, lumbar transverse processes L1-L4 P: transverse processes L5, posterior iliac crest

Question 29

Quadratus Lumborum A/NS

Answer 29

NS: Anterior rami spinal nerves T12-L3/4 A: Lateral flexion of spine, fixate 12th rib during respiration

Question 30

Sternocleidomastoid Att.

Answer 30

S: Mastoid process, occiput I: Manubrium (anterior superior sternum), medial 1/3 of clavicle

Question 31

SCM A/NS

Answer 31

Unilateral: Neck lateral flexion, contralateral rotation Bilateral: neck extension in upright, neck flexion in supine, accessory muscle for inspiration NS: accessory nerve

Question 32

Torticollis

Answer 32

contraction or shortening of SCM, can develop in utero due to baby's sustained head position

Question 33

Prevertebral Anterior Group

Answer 33

Anterior to spinal column flexion of neck, flexion of head on neck (yes) - Rectus Capitus Lateralis - Rectus Capitis Anterior - Longus Capitis - Longus Colli

Question 34

Prevertebral Lateral Group

Answer 34

Scalenes

Question 35

Anterior Scalene Att.

Answer 35

S: transverse processes C3-C6 I: 1st rib

Question 36

Anterior Scalene A/NS

Answer 36

A: flex head, accessory inspiration muscle NS: anterior rami cervical spinal nerves

Question 37

Middle Scalene Att.

Answer 37

S: transverse processes C5-C7 I: 1st rib

Question 38

Middle Scalene A/NS

Answer 38

A: side flexion, accessory muscle of inspiration NS: anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves

Question 39

Posterior Scalene Att.

Answer 39

S: transverse processes C5-C7 I: 2nd rib

Question 40

Posterior Scalene A/NS

Answer 40

A: side flexion, accessory muscle of inspiration NS: anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves

Question 41

Deep Suboccipital Group

Answer 41

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor/Major Obliqius Capitis Superior/Inferior

Question 42

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Att.

Answer 42

S: Medial Occiput I: Atlas (C1)

Question 42

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor A/NS

Answer 42

A: Extension of head on atlas NS: posterior rami of C1

Question 43

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Att.

Answer 43

D: lateral occiput P: axis (C2)

Question 44

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major A/NS

Answer 44

Unilateral: ipsilateral rotation of head Bilateral: extension of head NS: posterior rami of C1

Question 45

Obliqius Capitis Superior Att.

Answer 45

S: occiput I: transverse processes of atlas (C1)

Question 46

Obliqius Capitis Superior A/NS

Answer 46

A: extends head NS: posterior rami C1

Question 47

Obliqius Capitis Inferior Att.

Answer 47

S: transverse process atlas (C1) I: Axis (C2)

Question 48

Obliqius Capitis Inferior A/NS

Answer 48

Unilateral: turns head ipsialterally (NO) Bilateral: extends atlas on axis NS: posterior rami C1