Thorax and Abdomen Week 2

Question 1

Function of Throacic walls

Answer 1

Protection of heart and lungs, Respiration

Question 2

Elements of thoracic walls

Answer 2

Ribs, Costal Cartilage, Sternum, Thoracic Vertebrae

Question 3

Unique features of 1st rib

Answer 3

shorter and flatter

Question 4

unique features of 2nd rib

Answer 4

thinner/longer than 1st, rough area on superior surface for serratus anterior

Question 5

features of 11th and 12th ribs

Answer 5

shorter, floating, no costal cartilage or tubercle

Question 6

Ribs site of articulation with vertebrae

Answer 6

Superior/Inferior facets

Question 7

Three components of sternum

Answer 7

Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid Process

Question 8

Which ribs connect to sternum via costal notches`

Answer 8

Ribs 1-7

Question 9

Costal Margin

Answer 9

Inferior border of thoracic cage

Question 10

Sternocostal joints classification

Answer 10

Mostly synovial

Question 11

Costochondral joint classification

Answer 11

Cartilaginous

Question 12

Interchondral joint classification

Answer 12

Cartilaginous

Question 13

Costovertebral joint classification/subcategories

Answer 13

Synovial (Joint of head of rib, costotransverse)

Question 14

Movements of thoracic wall

Answer 14

Inspiration/Expiration

Question 15

Bucket Handle

Answer 15

(Normal breathing), ribs move in bucket handle motion, increase lateral dimension of ribcage

Question 16

Pump Handle

Answer 16

Movement of sternum when breathing, increases vertical dimension of ribcage

Question 17

Costotransverse Joint Function

Answer 17

Allows rotation around axis (bucket handle movement), allows up/down movement of rib

Question 18

What prevents posterior movement of rib

Answer 18

Transverse process

Question 19

Minor Inspiration Muscles

Answer 19

Intercostals, Serratus Posterior superior, Serratus posterior Inferior, Levator Costarum

Question 20

Diaphragm Attachments

Answer 20

S: Inner border of costal margin, posterior abdominal wall, superior lumbar vertebrae
D: Central tendon

Question 21

Diaphragm A/NS

Answer 21

A: Increase vertical dimension of throax
NS: Phrenic Nerve (c3-c5)

Question 22

Phrenic Nerve Source

Answer 22

C3-C5

Question 23

Passive Mechanisms of Quiet Respiration

Answer 23

Elastic recoil of lung when diaphragm relaxed
Visceral contents move superiorly when diaphragm relaxes

Question 24

Three Types of Intercostals

Answer 24

External, Internal, Innermost

Question 25

IC Attachments

Answer 25

S: Inferior border of superior ribs I: Superior border of inferior ribs

Question 26

Intercostals A/NS

Answer 26

A: Majority of fibres elevate ribs during inspiration NS: Intercostal nerve

Question 27

Serratus Posterior Superior Function

Answer 27

Inspiration/Proprioception

Question 28

Serratus Posterior Inferior Fuction

Answer 28

Forced expiration, Proprioception

Question 29

Levator Costarum Fuction

Answer 29

Inspiration

Question 30

Inspiration Mechanisms (2)

Answer 30

Bucket Handle, Diaphragm

Question 31

Rectus Abdominis Attachments

Answer 31

S: Xiphoid Process, Costal Cartilages of Ribs 5-7 I: Pubic Symphysis, Pubic Crest

Question 32

Rectus Abdominis Action, Function, NS

Answer 32

A: Trunk Flexion, Compress abdominal viscera F: Stabilise pelvic tilt NS: Thoraco-Abdominal Nerve

Question 33

External Oblique Attachments

Answer 33

L: External surface of ribs 5-12 M: Linea Alba, Pubic Tubercle, Lateral inguinal ligament, anterior iliac crest

Question 34

External Oblique A/NS

Answer 34

A: Trunk flexion/rotation, compress/ support abdominal viscera NS: Thoraco-Abdominal

Question 35

Internal Oblique Attachments

Answer 35

L: Thoracolumbar fascia, Anterior Iliac Crest, Lateral Inguinal Ligament M: Inferior border ribs 10-12, Linea alba, pecten pubis via conjoint tendon

Question 36

Internal Oblique A/NS

Answer 36

A: Trunk flexion/rotation, compress/support abdominal viscera NS: thoraco-abdominal nerve, 1st lumbar nerve

Question 37

Transverse Abdominis Att.

Answer 37

L: Lateral inguinal ligament, interior anterior iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, lower 6 costal cartilages M: Linea alba, aponeurosis of internal oblique, pubic crest, pecten pubis via conjoint tendon

Question 38

Transverse Abdominis A/NS

Answer 38

A: Compress and support abdominal viscera NS: Thoraco-Abdominal nerve, 1st lumbar nerve

Question 39

Linea Abla

Answer 39

Tendon between rectus abdominis

Question 40

Muscle Action in Trunk Lat. Fexion

Answer 40

Ipsilateral contraction of internal/external obliques

Question 41

Muscle Action in Trunk Rotation

Answer 41

Ipsilateral contraction of internal oblique Contralateral contraction of external oblique

Question 42

Other Ab Muscle Actions

Answer 42

Forced Expiration (coughing, sneezing) Vomiturition Defecation Flatus Micturition (Urination) Parturition (childbirth)