Spirochetes

Question 1

outer sheath

Answer 1

act as unit membrane covering the protoplasmic cylinder

Question 2

axial filament

Answer 2

inserted through proximal hook that runs along protoplasmic cylinder and under outer sheath

Question 3

other borrelia species that cause lyme

Answer 3

B garinii – europe
B afzelii – asia

Question 4

why is borrelia burgdoferi difficult to culture

Answer 4

aerobic
fastidious
low numbers of organisms present in infected animals

Question 5

transmission of borrelia burgdoferi

Answer 5

ticks – Ixodes species
Ixodes scapularis in northeast and southeast US
Ixodes pacificus in pacific areas of US

Question 6

what disease does borrelia burgdoferi cause

Answer 6

lyme disease

Question 7

do ticks transmit lyme disease

Answer 7

no

Question 8

how to diagnose borrelia burgdoferi

Answer 8

serology

Question 9

when do most borrelia burgdoferi infections occur

Answer 9

spring and fall

Question 10

what virulence factor elicits inflammmatory response in Borrelia burgdoferi

Answer 10

LPS and a novel peptidoglycan

Question 11

what contributes to arthritis in borrelia burgdoferi

Answer 11

large amounts of peptidoglycan continue to be shed in the joints

Question 12

why can borrelia burgdoferi infection progress, why can’t body get rid of it

Answer 12

persistence of bacteria
autoimmune reaction

Question 13

what does borrelia burgdoferi do to host immune response

Answer 13

suppress the host immune response

Question 14

is borrelia burgdoferi common in horses

Answer 14

uncommon

Question 15

what is main symptom of borrelia burgdoferi in horses

Answer 15

lameness

Question 16

can horses have in utero infections of borrelia burgdoferi

Answer 16

in utero infections may occur, resulting in death adn infections in foals by weaning

Question 17

is vaccination for borrelia burgdoferi in horses recommended

Answer 17

no

Question 18

how long after a tick bite do symptoms occur in dogs

Answer 18

may take 2-5 months afer a bite for symptoms to appear

Question 19

what cna borrelia burgdoferi infection cause in dogs

Answer 19

renal disease
rarely myocarditis

Question 20

is borrelia burgdoferi infection common in cattle

Answer 20

rare in cattle

Question 21

can cattle get in utero infections of borrelia burgdoferi

Answer 21

in utero infections may occur resulting in deaths of calves

Question 22

range of lyme symptoms in humans

Answer 22

wide range in severity of symptoms

Question 23

what type of immunity to borrelia burgdoferi

Answer 23

humoral

Question 24

what cytokines are produced in immune response to borrelia burgdoferi

Answer 24

IL-8
IL-1
THF-a

Question 25

why do chronic infections of borrelia burgdoferi occur

Answer 25

suppression of host immune response autoimmune reaction of peptidoglycan bacterial DNA in certain tissues persist

Question 26

diagnosis of borrelia burgdoferi

Answer 26

history, clinical signs, PCR serology, western blot

Question 27

public health concerns for borrelia burgdoferi

Answer 27

dogs may act as carriers -- asymptomatic spirochetemia animals may be source of ticks

Question 28

treatment of borrelia burgdoferi

Answer 28

tetracycline doxycycline

Question 29

ACVM recommendation for treatment of borrelia burgdoferi

Answer 29

30 days of doxycycline for dogs

Question 30

vaccine for borrelia burgdoferi

Answer 30

commercial subunit vaccines are more useful -- OspA vaccine in humans withdrawn in 2002

Question 31

what does borrelia theileri cause

Answer 31

mild febrile anemia spirochetemia and relapsing fever

Question 32

what transmits borrelia theileri

Answer 32

hard ticks -- Rhipicephalus species

Question 33

what does borrelia anserina cause

Answer 33

fowl spirochetosis

Question 34

what transmits borrelia anserina

Answer 34

ticks -- Argas persicus

Question 35

do birds recover from disease with borrelia anserina

Answer 35

surviving birds recover in about 2 weeks and have long lasting immunity

Question 36

what does borrelia anserina do to liver and stomach

Answer 36

liver mottled with necrosis and marginal infarctions bile colored mucid enteritis observed

Question 37

diagnosis of borrelia anserina

Answer 37

dark field microscopy

Question 38

vaccination for borrelia anserina

Answer 38

bacterin avaiable (chicken embryo passage) but serotype specific (serotypes vary by region)

Question 39

what does borrelia coriacea cause

Answer 39

epizootic bovine abortion

Question 40

transmission of borrelia coriace

Answer 40

ticks -- Ornithodorus coriacens

Question 41

what does borrelia recurrentis cuase

Answer 41

relapsing fever in humans

Question 42

transmission of borrelia recurrentis

Answer 42

animal to human human to human (lice)

Question 43

what does borrelia vincenti cuase

Answer 43

trench mouth

Question 44

where does borrelia vincenti live

Answer 44

normal mouth flora in humans

Question 45

does borrelia vincenti cause disease in dogs

Answer 45

may cause disease in dogs similar to trench mouth in humans

Question 46

what disease is anaerobic treponema associated with

Answer 46

bovine papillomatous digital dermatitis heel warts, hairy foot warts

Question 47

what are novel treponeme called

Answer 47

treponema brennaborense

Question 48

describe lesions of treponema brennaborense

Answer 48

strawberry lesions

Question 49

what causes ovine foot rot

Answer 49

Treponema brennaborense, but Fusobacterium necrophorum, and Dichelobacter nodosus are recognized as the primary agents

Question 50

how to treat ovine foot rot

Answer 50

debridement and topical antibiotics

Question 51

what does tremponema parluis-cuniculi cause

Answer 51

rabbit syphylis or vent (genitalia) disease

Question 52

diagnosis of tremponema parluis-cuniculi

Answer 52

darkfield

Question 53

what can treatment of syphilis cause in humans

Answer 53

jarisch-herxheimer reaction

Question 54

what does brachyspira hyodysenteriae cause

Answer 54

swine dysentery

Question 55

where is infection of brachyspira hyodysenteriae limited to

Answer 55

mucosa of large intestine

Question 56

what aids in colonization of brachyspira hyodysenteriae

Answer 56

other intestinal bacteria -- B fragilis, F necrophorum

Question 57

are brachyspira hyodysenteriae motile

Answer 57

yes, highly motile

Question 58

what type of cells does brachyspira hyodysenteriae invade

Answer 58

goblet cells -- cause excessive mucous production

Question 59

how does brachyspira hyodysenteriae affect the large bowel

Answer 59

thickening of mucosal folds, reddening of mucosa ulcerative to necrotizing colitis in later stages

Question 60

clinical signs of brachyspira hyodysenteriae

Answer 60

midl disease -- mucoid diarrhea severe diarrhea in acute exposure profuse bloody diarreha with mucous (dysnetery)

Question 61

antibodies to what are protective for brachyspira hyodysenteriae

Answer 61

LPS

Question 62

control of brachyspira hyodysenteriae

Answer 62

management quarantine new herd additions all in all out management practice

Question 63

diagnosis of brachyspira hyodysenteriae

Answer 63

clinical signs histopathology large zone of B hemolysis

Question 64

what species particularly get spirochete disease

Answer 64

dogs pigs birds

Question 65

where do spirochetes attach and what do they do

Answer 65

attach to intestinal wall cause erosion of epithelial layer, hyperplasia, depletion of goblet cells