Spirochetes

Question 1

Whats spirochetes and spiral

Answer 1

Spirochetes subset of Spiral

• Spirochetes cannot be gram stained
• Spiral stuff are GN

Question 2

Name the ultimate spirochete

• Pathologies
• expand on neurosyphilis

Answer 2

Treponema Pallidum

• Primary: Chancre ULCER
• Secondary: rash, lymph node involvement

-Tertiary: systemic, necrosis; CVS; Gummatous syphilis - growths, granuloma - granulomatous lesions,

• Late/Quaternary: Neurosyphilis
• • Meningovascular
• • General Paresis of the Insane
• • Tabes Dorsalis; Charcot joints;

Question 3

Congenital syphilis

Answer 3

Hutchinson’s Triad; can have rash “early syphillis”

• CN8 Deafness
• Notched Teeth
• Corneal Clouding; interstitial keratitis

Question 4

How to diagnose syphilis

Answer 4

Cannot be grown or grammed
- Serodiagnosis

ANTIBODY TESTS:

Treponema - specific test

• Enzyme immunoassay EIA, (Line) LIA
• remains positive after treatment
• • test throws in enzyme which binds to antibody-test antigen on plate - enzyme then changes color

Non-treponemal test - Non-specific test

• titer level correspond to bacterial load
• ANTIBODIES attack cardiolipins by mistake
• VDRL, RPR
• Venereal diseases research lab test, Rapid plasma reagent - looks for non-specific antibodies in the blood

Question 5

Syphilis Treatment

- is this routine screen

Answer 5

Penicillin; IV for neuro; otherwise IM

• ALL STD Patient screened
• ALL Blood screened;

Question 6

Spiral Bacterias!

- structure and name 2 genus

Answer 6

Helicobacter Pylori
Campylobacter Jejuni

• both spiral, GN

Question 7

Campylobacter Jejnuni

• damage
• location, spread
• Cx and how it presents clinically
• Lab

Answer 7

Fecal Oral

• ab pain, diarrhoe, fever
• POULTRY, unlike Helicobacter
• Cx of Guillain Barre Syndrome - Type II; demyelinating, damage Schwann cells, PNS
• • Peripheral neuropathy @ nerve level:
• ——-It is usually described as a glove-stocking distribution of numbness, sensory loss, dysesthesia and night time pain.
• • Note CMV also for GBS
• Stool

Question 8

Helicobacter Pylori

• Location
• Cx, damages
• Diagnosis
• Serology?
• Invasvie Diagnosis method

Answer 8

Oral-Oral, Fecal-Oral HUMAN SOURCE!!!

• Urease enzyme by bacteria makes ammonia to protect from pH;
• Chronic active gastritis leads to
  o Peptide ulcerations (duodenal, gastric)
  o Gastric Cancer
  o Gastric MALT lymphoma

Urea breath test; breaks down UREA w labelled C
- false NEGATIVE if PPI (bacteriocidal), AB

• Serology not useful, remains Positive after cure
• Invasive by biopsy to check cancerous lesions in older Px.