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Anatomy Unit Two > Split Pelvis > Flashcards

Split Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

what makes up the bony pelvis?

A

ilium, ischium and pubis (os coxa) sacram and coccyx

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2
Q

what is the pelvic inlet bounded by?

A

pubic symphysis, iliopectineal lines and sacral promontory

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3
Q

the pelvic outlet is bounded by?

A

the pubic arch, ischial tuberosities, and coccyx

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4
Q

where is the true pelvic cavity?

A

the space between the inlet and outlet

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5
Q

what is the difference between a male and female pelvis?

A

the subpubic angle is greater in the female than the male, the ischial tuberosities and ischial spines are everted and the sacrum is tipped more posteriorly in the femal

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6
Q

best way to tell whether a pelvis is male or female

A

examine the subpubic angle

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7
Q

diagonal conjugate

A

distance between the inferior border of the pubic symphysis and the sacral promontory

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8
Q

what is directly anterior to the sacrum?

A

the rectum

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9
Q

position of the ureters?

A

they descend along the posterior abdominal wall and continue inferiorly to open into the base of the urinary bladder

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10
Q

the part of the parietal peritoneum that surrounds and fuses around the uterus, ovary and uterine fallopian tubes is referred to?

A

as the broad ligament

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11
Q

a fold of peritoneum that passes from the lateral pelvic wall to the ovary and contains its vasculature

A

suspensory ligament

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12
Q

smaller, inferior region of the uterus is?

A

the cervix

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13
Q

the body of the uterus is

A

anteflexed relative to the cervix

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14
Q

the cervix is (blank) relative to the vagina

A

anteverted

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15
Q

As the cevix opens on the anterior wall of the vagina, and protrudes lightly into the vaginal lumen- this forms shallow recesses in the vagina around the cervical opening called?

A

the anterior and posterior vaginal fornices

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16
Q

posterior tilt of the body on the cervix is called?

A

retroflexion

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17
Q

posterior tilt of the cervix on the vagina is termed?

A

retroversion

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18
Q

what happens if the uterus is aligned vertically with the vaginal lumen?

A

it is subject to herniation of prolapse

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19
Q

Difference in pelvic organs for males and females

A

The urinary, reproductive and digestive systems all have organs within the pelvis and in females the three organ systems are anatomically separate. In males they are not independent

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20
Q

what are the regions of the male urethra

A

the prostatic urethra, membranous urethra and penile/spongy urethra

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21
Q

the ejaculatory duct is formed by

A

the vas deferens and seminal vesicals

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22
Q

where does the ejaculatory duct pass and drain into

A

is passes through the prostate gland and drains into the prostatic urethra

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23
Q

the rectoanal junctions assists with?

A

fecal incontinence

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24
Q

indicate the passageway of sperm from its production to its release from the body

A

testis- epididymis- vas deferens- ejaculatory duct- prostatic urethra- membranous urethra- penile urethra

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25
Q

because most of the pelvic urinary, reproductive and digestive organs are deep within the pelvis and covered superiorly by peritoneum they are typically called

A

infra-peritoneal

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26
Q

the parietal peritoneum forms recesses (dead ends) as it reflects from one pelvic organ to another. In males- what is this recess?

A

rectovesical pouch

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27
Q

what are the two pouchese in females

A

vesicouterine pouch between the urinary bladder and uterus and the rectouterine pouch (of douglas) between the rectum and uterus

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28
Q

What are the low spots in the peritoneal cavity?

A

rectovesical pouch in males and rectouterine pouch in females

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29
Q

fluid can be withdrawn from the peritoneal cavity by inserting a needle through the?

A

posterior fornix of the vagina

30
Q

what is the main blood supply to the structures of the pelvis?

A

internal iliac artery

31
Q

the descending aorta typically bifurcates at? what does it form?

A

vertebral level L4

forms the common iliac arteries

32
Q

branches of the internal iliac are generally to?

A

the pelvic wall, lower limb/perineum and the pelvic viscera

33
Q

the pelvic wall branches are?

A

the iliolumbar and lateral sacral arteries

34
Q

what helps supply the iliacus and psoas major muscles

A

iliolumbar arteries

35
Q

what supplies the bone of the sacrum and dura mater of the sacral nerve roots

A

lateral sacral arteries

36
Q

what arteries supply muscles of the hip and thigh? where do they exit?

A

the superior and inferior gluteal arteries. They exit through the greater sciatic foramen

37
Q

How does the obturator artery travel? what does it supply?

A

the obturator artery travels on the lateral wall of the pelvis before exiting the obturator foramen to reach the medial thigh

38
Q

what does the internal pudendal artery supply?

A

supplies the anus, muscles of the deep and superficial perineal spaces, the clitoris/penis, and the skin of the scrotum/labium majoris

39
Q

the internal pudendal artery is positioned where in relation to the inferior gluteal artery?

A

anteriorly when exiting the pelvis

40
Q

major blood supply to the urinary system in both sexes is derived from

A

branches of the umbilical artery

41
Q

As the umbilical artery passes by the urinary bladder it branches to form what? what does that supply

A

the superior vesical artery- supplies the upper margin of the bladder

42
Q

when the umbilical cord is clamped following childbirth what happens to the umbilical artery?

A

the proximal segment of the umbilical artery remains patent and carries blood to its superior vesical branch. The distal part of the umbilical artery which is no longer transmitting blood, collapses and becomes obliterated

43
Q

the nomenclature of the internal iliac branches is comparable in females and males with the exception of?

A

the visceral branches to the reproductive tracts

44
Q

blood supply to the pelvic reproductive organs in males is derived from? what does it supply?

A

the inferior vesical artery. it supplies both urinary and reproductive organs, the lower portion of the bladder, seminal vesicles and the prostate gland

45
Q

most reproductive organs in females are supplied by? how does it run? what does it supply?

A

the uterine artery- it courses medially toward the cervix of the uterus. it supplies the body and cervix of the uterus and sends additional branches to the vagina and inferior bladder

46
Q

in both sexes, the ureter passes under? why is this important

A

the inferior vesical/uterine artery- a surgeon must take care to isolate the ureter from the uterine artery otherwise drainage from the kidney would be disrupted

47
Q

the middle rectal artery supplies

A

the middle and inferior portions of the rectum and anal canal

48
Q

the rectum and anal canal receive their blood supply from?

A

the superior, middle and inferior rectal arteries

49
Q

middle and inferior rectal arteries are branches of?

A

the internal iliac artery

50
Q

which rectal artery is a direct branch? which branches off of the internal pudendal artery?

A

the middle rectal artery is a direct branch of the internal iliac

the inferior rectal artery is a branch of the internal pudendal artery

51
Q

the inferior rectal veins are also called

A

hemorrhoidal veins

52
Q

the portion of the rectal venous plexus related to the middle rectal vein found just below the epithelium of the rectum gives rise to

A

internal hemorrhoids

53
Q

the portion of the rectal venous plexus external to the muscular wall form

A

external hemorrhoids

54
Q

nerves found in the pelvis can be distinguished as?

A

somatic or visceral nerves

55
Q

somatic nerves in the pelvis include ?

A

vental rami of lower lumbar and sacral spinal nerves that innervate the pelvic wall and lower limbs

56
Q

visceral nerves of the pelvis include?

A

splanchnic nerves that innervate internal organs

57
Q

both ventral rami and splanchnic nerves converge with other nerves

A

to form plexuses

58
Q

the sacral plexus is what type of plexus? constructed of what

A

the sacral plexus is a somatic plexus constructed of ventral rami

59
Q

the hypogastric plexus is a

A

visceral plexus constructed of various splanchnic nerves

60
Q

the sacral plexus includes?

A

the large ventral rami of both lumbar and sacral spinal nerves (L4-S4)

61
Q

The ventral rami of L4 and L5 first form

A

the lumbosacral trunk within the lower abdomen- then pass inferiorly into the pelvis to join the sacral ventral rmai

62
Q

the pelvic somatic plexus includes which fibers

A

somatosensory, somatomotor and sympathetic fibers

63
Q

the hypogastric and all visceral plexuses contain

A

sympathetic, parasympathetic and viscerosensory fibers

64
Q

near the bifurcation of the aorta is the

A

superior hypogastric plexus

65
Q

the superior hypogastric plexus splits into

A

left and right hypogastric nerves

66
Q

the hypergastric nerves travel inferiorly and split into

A

inferior hypogastric plexuses

67
Q

what enters the hypogastric plexus through lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves?

A

sympathetic fibers

68
Q

what fibers in the hypogastric plexus arise from levels S2, 3, 4 of the spinal cord?

A

parasympathetic fibers

69
Q

what fibers exit the pelvic splanchnic to join the inferior epigastric plexus?

A

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers

70
Q

which fibers distribute to pelvic viscera a branches from the inferior hypogastric

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers

71
Q

damage to the plexus’s that run along organs can cause

A

urinary or fecal incontinence or impotence

Anatomy Unit Two (5 decks)

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