sport and society

Question 1

feudal system

Answer 1

broadly defined, it was a way of structuring society around a relationship derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour

Question 2

popular recreation

Answer 2

the sport and pastimes of people in pre-industrial Britain

Question 3

mob football

Answer 3

an unruly form of football played by the lower classes

Question 4

real tennis

Answer 4

upper-class activity of the time, with strict rules and moral code

Question 5

rational recreation

Answer 5

in the C19, these were sports pastimes for the lower classes which were designed by the middle classes to be well ordered, organised and controlled

Question 6

wenlock olympian games

Answer 6

started 1850
founder Dr william penny brookes
sports included quoits, football, cricket, running and hurdles

Question 7

athleticism

Answer 7

physical endeavour with moral integrity

Question 8

urbanisation

Answer 8

large numbers of people migrating/moving from rural areas into towns and cities, seeking regular work in the factories

Question 9

social control

Answer 9

the way in which people’s thoughts, feelings, appearance and behaviour are regulated in social systems

Question 10

codification

Answer 10

the gradual organisation and defining of the rules

Question 11

public provision

Answer 11

local council provision of facilities for the masses to participate

Question 12

C19 amateur

Answer 12

a person who plays for the love of it and receives no financial gain

Question 13

C19 professional

Answer 13

a person who plays sport for financial gain

Question 14

C20 amateurs

Answer 14

high status
controllers of sport
top performers
highly moral

Question 15

modern-day amateurs

Answer 15

tend to be lower status
high level performers
top level performance open to all
some receive finance to pay for training expenses

Question 16

modern-day professionalism

Answer 16

all classes can compete
people respected for talent and effort
high rewards
more time to train
higher status/celebrity status
positive role models
more spectators attend matches
money invested into sports

Question 17

lawn tennis

Answer 17

middle class invention as they were aspired to be upper class
middle-class suburban housing with lawned gardens as appropriate venues for tennis courts
walls and hedges for privacy from lower class

Question 18

open era

Answer 18

when professional tennis players were allowed to compete alongside amateurs and earn money

Question 19

media

Answer 19

an organised means of communication by which large numbers of different people can be reached quickly

Question 20

golden triangle

Answer 20

the relationship between sport, business and media

Question 21

commercialism

Answer 21

the process of attempting to gain money from an activity

Question 22

sponsorship

Answer 22

when a company pays for their products to be publicly displayed or advertised, usually as an attempt to increase the sales of their goods

Question 23

merchandising

Answer 23

the practice in which the brand or image from one ‘product’ is used to sell another

Question 24

globalisation

Answer 24

the process whereby nations are increasingly being linked together and people are becoming more interdependnet via improvements in communication and travel

Question 25

social media

Answer 25

online apps and websites which allow users to interact by sharing content and taking part in social networking

Question 26

society

Answer 26

an organised group of people associated for some specific purpose or with a shared common interest

Question 27

socialisation

Answer 27

a lifelong process where members of a society learn its norms, values, ideas, practices and roles in order to take their place in that society

Question 28

primary socialisation

Answer 28

socialisation during early childhood through influence of immediate family

Question 29

secondary socialisation

Answer 29

socialisation in teenage years through influence of peer groups, friends and school

Question 30

internalisation

Answer 30

the learning of values or attitudes that are incorporated within yourself

Question 31

gender socialisation

Answer 31

the act of learning to conform to culturally defined gender roles through socialisation

Question 32

social change

Answer 32

an alteration in the social order of a society

Question 33

social issues

Answer 33

problems that affect many people within society

Question 34

inequality

Answer 34

the unfair situation where resources or opportunities are distributed unevenly within a society

Question 35

social stratification

Answer 35

a type of social inequality where society is divided into different levels on the basis of a social characteristic eg- wealth and status

Question 36

social class

Answer 36

a term used to define social inequalities, ie. certain groups have more access to wealth, income and power than others. Factors which contribute to social class include a person's job, family background, education and income

Question 37

social action theory

Answer 37

accepts that sports is produced and developed at a particular time through the relationships and social networks of people who share similar views

Question 38

prejudice

Answer 38

to form an unfavourable opinion of an individual, often based on inadequate facts

Question 39

discrimination

Answer 39

the unfair treatment of a person or, minority group; to make a distinction and act on a prejudice

Question 40

stereotyping

Answer 40

a standardised image; making simple generalisations about all members of a group which allows others to categories and treat them accordingly

Question 41

integration

Answer 41

people with and without disabilities taking part in the same activity at the same time

Question 42

segregation

Answer 42

people with disabilities participating separately among themselves

Question 43

race

Answer 43

the physical characteristics of an individual

Question 44

racism

Answer 44

a set of beliefs or ideas based on the assumption that races have distinct hereditary characteristics that give some races an intrinsic superiority over others; it may lead to physical or verbal abuse

Question 45

ethnic group

Answer 45

people who have racial, religious or linguistic traits in common

Question 46

stacking

Answer 46

the disproportionate concentration of minority ethnic groups in certain positions in a sports team, which tends to be based on the stereotype that they are more valuable for their physicality than their decision-making and communication qualities

Question 47

channelling

Answer 47

minority ethnic groups may be pushed into certain sports or even certain positions within a team, based on assumptions about them

Question 48

gender

Answer 48

the biological aspect of a person, either a male or female

Question 49

sexism

Answer 49

the belief that one sex is inferior to the other, usually women

Question 50

sport england : local partners

Answer 50

work with local partners to try to ensure sport is accessible across every region in the country provide sporting opportunities for all and putting in place schemes and initiatives which attempt to overcome barriers for those wishing to play sport they invest in county sport partnerships spread across the country so that programmes can be delivered regionally/locally to meet specific local needs where these exist

Question 51

sport england: national partners

Answer 51

national partners include; activity alliance - charity dedicated to increasing participation in sport for people with disabilities sporting equals - promotes greater involvement by disadvantaged communities and black and ethnic communities women in sport - aims to make being active more attractive to women and girls streetgames - charity dedicted to developing sport with disadvantaged communities, making it more accessible to all