Sport and Society Flashcards
(14 cards)
Outline the terms ‘amateur’ and ‘professional’
amateur could compete without compensation as from upper class and could afford to take part
professional competed for pay as could not afford to take unpaid time off work
How did amateurs and professionals affect sporting participation industrial and post-industrial Britain?
opportunities for lower class professionals to participate were restricted due to membership rules imposed by upper class
amateurs and many opportunities to compete as could afford access to facilities
State 3 physical health benefits of raising participation levels in society
reduced risk CHD
reduced levels obesity
reduced blood pressure
improved immune response
reduced risk type II diabetes
reduced risk osteoperosis
Explain how industrial revolution influenced positive changes to characteristics of sport
more regular participation as half-Saturdays and time off to play for factory teams
more structured due to development of NGBs
national fixtures and leagues developed under control of NGBs
increase in wages meant more disposable income to spend on sport and leisure activities
What are the benefits of media and sponsorship to sport?
media coverage has increased exposure and accessibility to sport, raising participation levels
sponsorship has allowed financial investment into sports, supporting improvements in equipment, training, athlete development
What are the links between golden triangle?
Sponsor can have positive effect on sport by providing money for training facilities
media can increase popularity by covering more games
sponsors can profit through association with popular sports + athletes
media provides platform that encourages sponsorship, as way of advertising their product
What are the positives and negative of each aspect of golden triangle?
media can promote athletes as role models, raise profile of sports + make sports more attractive for sponsors
but can increase gap between popular and less popular sports, intrude on private lives, media duties can act as distraction from training and performance
media and sponsors may begin to dictate timings of events and developments in sport, influencing decisions of NGBs
What are the barriers to participation?
lack of facilities, lack of media coverage of certain social groups, negative attitudes towards certain social groups, stereotyping, discrimination, lack of role models for certain social groups, cost - lack of disposable income
What are the solutions to barriers to participation? BAME (black, asian, minority ethnic)
promoting social acceptance, increased media coverage, development of more ethnic role models, encouragement of diversity, more ethnic coaches, provision of sports programs to support ethnic, cultural, religious differences
What are the examples of barriers to participation? BAME (black, asian, minority ethnic)
‘stacking’ of ethnic minorities into specific positions and sports based on ethnic background e.g. Asians pushed towards cricket and away from football
What are the examples of solutions to barriers? BAME (black, asian, minority ethnic)
educating coaches and others involved in sport to develop equality
access into sports could help reduce stereotypical views and discrimination experienced by BAME communities
racial campaigns
changing stereotypes can take time and can be difficult to overcome
punishing severe racism in sport helps change stereotypes
Explain 2 characteristics of popular recreation
irregular due to working hours of lower class
unwritten rules due to high illiteracy rates, so rules spread by word of mouth
violent as result of harsh living conditions and lack of law and order
lower class participants as upper class viewed violent sports as beneath them
Suggest why church got involved in development of sport in post industrial revolution
disagreed with violent nature of popular recreation
competing as part of church encouraged better behaved society
wanted to help spread notion of muscular christianity
