Sports injuries

Question 1

What are 2 types of injuries?

Answer 1

Acute injuries- Can occur from either contact or non-contact. Are either soft or hard. (one traumatic event)

Overuse injuries- Can occur from continous stress to the body and are sometimes called chronic injuries. Either soft or hard tissue. (repetative use)

Question 2

Acute, soft tissue injuries

Answer 2

• Sprains- Caused due to sudden twist of a joint which stretches or tears ligament (e.g. ankle twist). Common in sports w change of movement.
• Achilles tendon tear- Causes pain and swelling or completely rupture which needs serious medical attention.
• Cruciate ligaments- Forms of sprain most common to the ACL (anterior cruciate ligament). More serious than normal sprains due to it being in the knee.

Question 3

Acute, hard tissue injuries

Answer 3

• Fractures- Split, cracked or broken bones caused by sudden excessive force.
• Dislocations- Seperation of 2 bones at a joint. Caused by sudden impacts from an external force from incorrect positioning of the limb when a force is applied to them.

Question 4

Contact and non-contact injuries

Answer 4

Contact- Collision with other players causing stress on body.

Non-contact- Without collisions with other players (e.g. sprain and strain from twisting ankle.

Question 5

Overuse, soft tissue injuries

Answer 5

Strains are caused by overstretching tendons or muscle fibres by players pushing bodies to the limit.

Shin splints (periostitis)- Caused by putting exessive force through bones of the leg (associated w runners). Inflamation of surrounding tissues of shin splints causes pain.

Tennis elbow (tendonitis)- Inflamation of tendons which causes pain. Tendons join bone to muscle.

Question 6

Overuse, hard tissue injuries

Answer 6

Stress fractures are chronic injuries often caused by overuse of weight bearing limbs.

Question 7

How can the chance of shin splints be increased?

Answer 7

• Running on hard/uneven surface
• increased activity levels
• Poorly fitted shoes
• Overweight
• Over-pronation
• Tight gastrocnemius and weak ankles

Question 8

Intrinsic factors of injury prevention

Answer 8

-Age
-Gender
-Muscle weakness
-Joint hyperlaxity- being to flexible meaning a lack of stability and dislocation.
-Poor flexibility- if performer stretches under pressure
-Malalignment of body parts (lead to golfers elbow)

Question 9

Extrinsic factors that affect injury prevention

Answer 9

-Training methods
-Poor technique
-Training volume
-Playing surface
-Innapropriate clothing/equipment
-Environmental conditions (e.g. Heat)