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Pathology > Spr 16- Test 3- Dark, Repro > Flashcards

Spr 16- Test 3- Dark, Repro Flashcards

(113 cards)

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1
Q

CS/presentation- Freemartinism

A

Testes, incomplete uterus, short vagina- infertile, never effectively breed or milk

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2
Q

Cause of freemartinism

A

Male and female twins, XX/XY female chimera due to MIF from M to F via mixed blood supply. MIF inhibits female differentiation bc sertoli and leydig cells differentiate earlier

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3
Q

At least some tissue from both sets of gonads (M/F)

A

Hermaphrodite

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4
Q

Gonad/genital mismatch (ex penis with ovaries)

A

Pseudohermaphrodite

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5
Q

Which hormone is from the anterior pituitary and initiates follicle and ova growth, supports cells

A

FSH

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6
Q

Which hormone is from the anterior pituitary and stimulates follicular growth and rupture/formation of CL

A

LH

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7
Q

What hormone causes secondary female characteristics, what else does it do

A

Estrogen, prepare uterus for pregnancy

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8
Q

What hormone maintains the pregnancy and where does it come from

A

Progesterone- from CL and placenta

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9
Q

What causes CL and follicle rupture

A

Prostaglandins

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10
Q

Missing one or both ovaries- what is this called and what is the consequence

A

ovarian agenesis, low estrogen production

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11
Q

Name the three developmental ovarian conditions

A

ovarian agenesis, duplication of ovaries, hypoplasia

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12
Q

What type of cyst is clinically significant in horses? dogs?

A

H: paramesonephric duct cysts; D: cystic SES

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13
Q

What cysts are significant in cows and why

A

Cystic ovarian disease- interferes with estrus cycling

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14
Q

80% of ovarian tumors in horses

A

Granulosa cell (thecal cell)

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15
Q

What are kenny grades

A

repro assessment for horses based on endometrial bx, higher number, worse chance of full term carry

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16
Q

Campylobacter, tritrich, taylorella, arcano bacteria all are agents of what disease

A

Endometritis of the closed uterus

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17
Q

Describe grade II (Kenny grades) vs grade III

A

II: Glands grouped in a nest by fibrous connective tissue; III: extensive fibrosis, glands individual, no connective tissue- irreversible

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18
Q

Horse with unilateral ovarian mass, nymphomania, unilateral ovary atrophy, cystic endometrial hyperplasia +/- pyometra; ectopic production of estrogen and inhibin

A

Granulosa cell tumor (thecal cell)

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19
Q

Cause of CEH

A

Cystic endometrial hyperplasia- prelude to other conditions, usually due to hormone imbalance (birth control, tumor production)

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20
Q

CEH- sequelae

A

Pyometra

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21
Q

Which form of pyometra is emergency

A

Closed- build up of toxins, very sick, surgery best, high neutrophil count

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22
Q

Neoplasia of the ovary that is similar to seminoma in the testicle

A

Dysgerminoma

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23
Q

Neoplasia that arises from SES (sub epithelial structures), can cause ascites

A

Ovarian carcinoma and adenocarcinoma

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24
Q

Sequelae of ovarian carcinoma and adenocarcinoma

A

Cystic endometrial hyperplasia; carcinomatosis

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25
Unilateral, soft, smooth mass, more aggressive in horses than dogs
Dysgerminoma
26
What indicates metastasis of ovarian carcinoma and adenocarcinoma
Small papillae at edges of masses
27
Well-differentiated, benign ovarian tumor with possible development of hair, teeth, fat, etc
Teratoma
28
Describe why teratoma has odd tissue
Differentiation into 2 of 3 germ cell layers (ecto, meso, endoderm)
29
Two types of adenocarcinoma
Papillary or cystic
30
Describe hydrosalpinx
fallopian tube blockage causing distension from fluid filling
31
Types of salpingitis, describe
Primary- open infundibulum takes in bacteria; Secondary- agent in through uterus in uterine disease
32
Sequelae of salpingitis
infertility (unless Abx cure fully before scarring/strictures)
33
What is the uterine stroma
tissue between uterine glands
34
Most common developmental uterine condition, describe
Segmental aplasia- piece doesnt develop normally, magnitude depends on which piece
35
Most common inflammatory condition of the uterus, common etiology
Endometritis- inflammatory of the lining, commonly bacterial
36
If it looks like bubble wrap, you should think:
CEH!
37
What condition causes a leukmoid reaction (and what is that)
Closed pyometra, High neutrophil count
38
Aggressive, metastatic neoplasia of uterus
Uterine carcinoma
39
Focal, in the wall, white to tan, firm masses- not every aggressive
Leiomyoma
40
Dog placenta type
Zonary (bands per puppy)
41
SIPS
Subinvolution of placental sites
42
What is endometriosis
Implantation of active endometrial tissue outside of uterus, active glands in abdominal cavity
43
When is SIPS clinical
2 weeks after birth (before this is normal to appear like this), often dont return to normal, bleed to anemia
44
What is the form of endometriosis which infiltrates the myometrium, is this significant?
Adenomyosis- indicental
45
Cotyledonary placental attachment- species
cattle, sheep, ruminants
46
Dark blue/black uterus, uncommon but possible condition
Uterine torsion
47
Pig and horse placental attachment, describe
Diffuse- whole surface has villi attached to uterus
48
Name the concave and convex parts of cotyledonary placental attachment
Concave- fetus ; convex- mother caruncle
49
Benefits of diffuse placental attachment
large fetus with bigger needs
50
Dog/cat placenta type
Zonary
51
Human/primate placental type, describe
Discoid (one attachment at end, rest float freely)
52
Abdominal cavity open with contents outside, back legs forward
Schistosomus reflexus
53
Cuase of back legs forward in Schistosomus reflexus
caudal spinal/pelvic abnormalities
54
Underdevelopment of caudal spinal column
Perosomus elumbis
55
Anasarca
Tremendous amount of fluid build up in fetus
56
Holoprosencephaly - describe
From virragicum californicum ingestion at 14 days of gestation causing head and face abnormal development (cyclops)
57
Schisto vs perosomus
SF has internal organs on outside
58
Mummification- describe, causes
Dried aborted fetus, no bacterial infection post-death (may still have bacteria that killed, just not dissolved)
59
Developed from infectious conditions like blue tounge. Limbs are all twisted and contracted
Arthrogryposis
60
Maceration-
bacterial infection post abortion, dissolving fetus
61
Determine fetal age at death
Crown to rump length
62
Cause of SMEDI
porcine parvovirus (stillborn, mummy, embryonic death, infertility
63
Best abortion diagnosis species
Cattle (25%) bc infectious or nutritional (75% unknown)
64
Most common cause of abortion in horses
Twins
65
Effects of mycotic placentitis, diagnostics
Cracked fetal skin, dermatitis, third eyelid tissue
66
Zoonotic, reportable dz causing thick, leathery placenta
Brucella abortis
67
Types of placenta in b. abortis
Cotyl and intercotyl
68
External genitalia inflammation causes
Vulvovaginitis, EHVIII, equine coital exanthema
69
Taylorella equigenitalis- describe
Purulent vaginal d/c, foreign animal dz, fertility affected
70
Histo: high mitotic rate cells with different number of chromosomes than dogs
TVT- dog to dog transmission, looks like round cell tumor
71
Three types of vaginal tumor
SCC, polyps, TVT
72
Where will TVT be seen in females
Vaginal tract in perineum
73
Dark red to black mastitis cause
Gangrenous- bacterial, coliforms entering teat (e coli, staph, strep)
74
T/F grangrenous mastitis cannot infect suckling young
F
75
Dog and cat mammary cancer reductions
Dog: 0.5 (before 1st), 8% after; cats: 91% reduction before 6 months (86% before 1 year)
76
Mammary neoplasia that can be due to hormone admin or spontaneous, regresses with what?
Fibroadenomatous hyperplasia, OVH
77
See: diffuse mammary inflammation, think:
fibroadenomatous hyperplasia, but bx to make sure
78
Ugly inflamed tumor indicates:
aggressive, poorly differentiated, body mounting immune response, poor Px
79
Spermatids are found in
Seminiferous tubules
80
Retained testicle- contents
Sertoli cells which produce estrogen-like hormones due to being wrong temp
81
What produces testosterone
Leydig cells
82
Sperm damage determined by
Species specific, time frame for damamge and how long it takes to show up
83
What gland is absent in dogs
BUG
84
Role of accessory glands
Contribute to semen composition
85
Causes of testicular hypoplasia, ddx
unilaterally retained testicle, vascular damage, trauma, developmental; ddx: degeneration (dificult to tell grossly)
86
Find cryptorchid testicle-
Follow ureters from kidneys, find prostate, _____
87
Hypoplasia vs degeneration of testicles
D: irreg tub circumf, tube collapse/no lining, thick and wave basal lamina, inflammation present, lipofuscin in tubular cells' H: regular sertoli lining, even basal lamina, no inflammation or lipofusic
88
Most common cause of peri-orchitis
Brucellosis (zoo, report)
89
Define periorchitis
inflammation around testicle
90
Testicular inflammation perpetuates _____?
Transmission of dz to breeding female
91
Cause of sperm granuloma
Sperm are immuno- privileged, haploid (for genetic variability), body sees as foreign
92
Gynecomastia from:
Sertoli cell tumor
93
Sertoli cell tumor sequelae
Gynecomastia, hair loss, chased by males, contralateral testicular atrophy
94
Testes- function, respond to what hormones
make sperm and testosterone, respond to FSH and LH
95
What houses the spermatids? What else does it house?
Seminiferous tubules- also houses sertoli and leydig cells
96
Where does sperm mature and get stored
Epididymis
97
What does the prostate do
creates non-sperm fractino of semen, nourishes
98
Histo gangrenous mastitis
Hard line of demarcation of cell death,
99
What can cause test. atrophy
Cryptorchid, trauma, vascular damage
100
What causes sperm granuloma
Immuno barrier to sperm fails
101
Seminoma CS
produce estrogen- gynecomastia, female signs
102
What is teh only accessory gland in all
Prostate
103
What accessory gland do bulls have
Seminal vesicles
104
Sertoli CS
feminization
105
Hypoplasia or degen? irreg tubule circumference
degen
106
Seminoma- appearance
White, soft, bulge on cut
107
Interstitial- appearance, function
orange/tan, hemorrhage, makes lipid
108
Common cause of periorchitis
Brucellosis
109
Hypoplasia or degen? regular sertoli lining
Hypoplas
110
Wavy basal lamina- hypo or degen
Degen
111
Describe hypospadias
Urethra desnt close before birth
112
Balanoposthistis
inflammation of glans penis- infection or cancer
113
Cause of penile rupture
hematoma

Pathology (5 decks)

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