Spring 17- SA Pathology Final Flashcards
(228 cards)
1
Q
Ddx for canine oral masses
A
Epulides, proliferative ulcerative gingivitis, melanoma, FSA, extramedullary plasmacell tumor, SCC (NOT Lymphoma!!)
2
Q
Effect of ischemic tubular necrosis
A
Basement membrane destroyed around tubules, so every part of kidney dies bc BM is template for regeneration
3
Q
Desc chronic stomach ulcers
A
raised, rounded edges, not erythematous, re-epithelilization
4
Q
What is progressive juvenile nephropathy
A
Fibrosis of kidneys without primary renal inflammation; hereditary, 4m-2y old dogs; CRD signs
5
Q
Anal gland neoplasms are usually benign/malignant
A
Malignant adenocarcinomas rarely cured by excision
6
Q
Seq to renal amyloidosis
A
PLN, uremia
7
Q
Causes of RV hypertrophy
A
Pulmonary hypertension, congenital, tricuspid, HWDz
8
Q
Sequelae of RHF
A
hepatic congestion, ascites (Dogs), hydrothorax (cats), pleural/pericardial effusion
9
Q
Dog PWTs: site predilection
A
Limbs
10
Q
Dog PWTs: example of specific type
A
hemangiopericytoma
11
Q
Path appearance of ao stenosis
A
fibrous ring under valve, pale/white endocardial fibrosis
12
Q
Death from cardiac tamponade
A
Compression –> reduced CO –> poor perfusion
13
Q
Locations of feline eosinophilic oral granulomas
A
pper lip, tongue, palate, skin occasionally
14
Q
Types of GN histo lesions
A
minimal, proliferative (too many mesangeal cells), membranous (too much interstitium- mesangium connective tissue), membranoproliferative
15
Q
T/F hemangiomas arise to hemangiosarcomas
A
F
16
Q
Causes of tubular necrosis-
A
metals, aminoglycosides, oxalates, vit. D (rodenticide), mycotoxin
17
Q
Disseminated histiocytic sarcoma: site and bio behavior
A
multisystemic fatal dz of spleen liver, LN, lungs
18
Q
Appearance (gross)- renal dysplasia
A
Fibrosis between tubules leads to normal sized tan throughout
19
Q
Dog Intestinal GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor)- presentation
A
Obstructive dz bc space occupying lesions
20
Q
Green pigment in liver indicates
A
bild build up in cholestasis
21
Q
What region does bile secretion start
A
Centrilobular
22
Q
Where will bile accumulate first
A
Periportal areas
23
Q
CS of hemopericardium
A
Increased venous pressure, decreased arterial pressure, muffled sounds
24
Q
Most common metastatic renal neoplasia, two others
A
LSA; HSA, MCT
25
Liver- CS of oxidative damage
icteric, macrocytic, hypochromic anemia, increased AST
26
Most commmon dog cardiac pathology
Endocardiosis, congenital defects, DCM, HSA hemopericardium
27
Three types of epulides
Fibromatous, ossifying and acanthomatous
28
Describe lesions of cutaneous epitheliotrophic lymphoma in dogs and cats
Alopecic, exfoliative, erythematous lesions +/- plaques and nodules; 40% have erosive/ulcerative oral lesions
29
What is core pulmonale
RV hyertrophy 2* to pulmonary hypertension/lung dz
30
2 things needed to call cirrhosis
Fibrosis, nodular regeneration
31
Types of pericarditis
Effusive (Fluid production), constrictive (fibrous adhesion- large anmial_
32
Dog Intestinal GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor)- locations
LI > SI > Stomach
33
What tumor can be ID'd via histo lymphocytic aggregates, macrophages containing foreign material
Feline vaccines sarcomas
34
Dog GI -Px melanoma
Very poor except well-differentiated form slightly better
35
What two neoplasms occur in the dog eyelid
meibomian gland adenoma and melanocytoma
36
Which neoplasm is associated with actinic dermatitis in dogs
SCC
37
Blood filtering unit
Lobule
38
Most common cat oral tumor
SCC
39
Describe blood flow
From portal region through hepatocytes to central veins
40
Multicentric SCC In-situ (Bowman's dz): predilection
Older cats
41
Cutaneous MCT in cats should lead you to check the spleen for lesions
F- no association
42
Bio behavior and cell of origin of fibromatous epulides
arise from periodontal ligament, DOES NOT invade underlying bone
43
Basal cell tumor- cat: location
head and neck
44
What is pitting
Chronic kidney change- infarct, fibrosis secondary to inflammation
45
Sites of congeital heart dz
PDA, atral septal, pulmonic stenosis, VSD
46
Define feline cutaneous MCT grading system
There is none!
47
Eisenmenger complex-
VSD with reversal and R to L shunting
48
Bile secreting unit
Acinus
49
Three types of gingivitis sequelae lesions in cats
Eosinophilic granuloma, paradental stomatitis, lymphoplasmacytic stomatitis (LPS)
50
Define pyelonephritis
inflam of both pelvis and parenchyma
51
Renal LSA- lesions
Multifocal, not end stage bc between nodules is normal
52
Purkinje fibers come from
R and L BB ramifying over endocardial surface of both ventricles
53
How does immune complex GN damage kidney
Activation of complement which brings in PMNs which release hydrolytic enzyemes
54
Dog GI- Behavior- extra medullary plasmacytoma-
benign, prone to recurrence d/t location in mouth
55
2 types of tubular necrosis, causes
Ischemic and nephrotoxic (nephrosis); obstruction, decreased urine production, back leakage
56
If capsule is hard to peel off of kidney,
Fibrin secondary to nephritis or necrosis inflammation
57
What determines the bio behavior in melanocytic tumors
Mitotic activity and location (not pigmentation or morphology)
58
Acanthomatous epulides- origin, bio behavior
Ameloblastic epithelium; NO mets but invade and destroy bone, MAY transform to SCC
59
Describe lesions of FIP
Pyogranulomatous lesions which follow the blood vessels in kidney (also liver, spleen, chest cavity)
60
Which part of the kidney favors bacterial colonization
Inner medulla
61
Waxy, dull, orange kidney with dark punctate diffuse lesions throughout-
Glomerular amyloidosis
62
Desc acute ischemic infarction vs hemorrhagic
both raised, ischemic pale
63
What type of lymphoma is common in older cats
alimentary
64
Which hepatocytes are most hypoxic
Centrilobular
65
Dark colored ischemic lesion-looking structures in renal crest
Renal papillary necrosis
66
Locations for cutaneous plasma cell tumors in dogs
Pinna, mouth, ear canal, rectum
67
Disseminated histiocytic sarcoma: cell of origin
malignancy of dendritic cells
68
Causes of cirrhosis
NSAIDs, aflotoxin, sago palm
69
What supports the ventricles
cardiac skeleton collagen
70
Dog GI- If eos are seen in suspected IBD, this is usually associated with
Hypersensitivity to diet
71
Whippets and greyhounds tend to get _____ tumors
Dermal HSA (light, think skin, UV)
72
Bio behavior of feline intestinal MCT
Aggressive- multipl sites, met to organs quickly
73
What follicular origin tumors do cats get
Trichoblastoma
74
CHF forward failure =
decreased blood to peripheral tissue
75
Dog PWTs: bio behavior
locally aggressive, highly recurrent
76
What is the schwartzman rxn
Renal cortical necrosis from bilateral thrombosis of arterioles and capillaries; 2* to septicemia, endotoxemia, severe hypovolemia
77
Bio behavior of feline cutaneous MCT
Benign usually
78
First place to suffer from hypoxia and why (heart)
Papillary mm.- hardest working
79
Cause of cardiac hypertrophy
stretching due to chamber dilation from overload
80
Asymmetric ventricular hypertrophy
Septum thickened
81
Site predilection for canine systemic histiocytosis
multiple organs- LN, spleen, liver, lungs, bone marrow
82
Sequelae to pulm stenosis
RV hypertrophy (eccentric), post stenotic dilation, hypertrophy of outflow tract
83
Liver Copper toxicosis: testing
Liver Bx
84
Most common source of emphysematous cystitis
e coli
85
Liver Copper toxicosis: CS
Icterus, ascites, lethargy
86
Ddx for SCC in cats
FSA, eosinophilic granulomatous gingivitis
87
Cause of rabbit hemorrhagic dz
Calicivirus
88
Dog GI- SCC- behavior
Slow progression, Can met late in dz, Tonsilar/largyndeal met quicker
89
Gross lesions of chronic imm-comp GN
shrunke, granular, thin cortex, rougherned surface
90
Normal LV:RV ratio
2-3 : 1
91
Heart adjustments to stress
Atrophy, hypertrophy, degeneration, necrosis, fibrosis
92
Small bumpy kidneys
CKD
93
Histo appearance of Cutaneous reactive histiocytosis
sheets of hystiocytic cells and other leukocytes
94
What indicates chronic cholestasis
White fibrosis between green lesions
95
Renal seq to mitral endocarditis
thrombi causing infarcts throughout
96
Labrador retriever- common cardiac defect
Tricuspid dysplasia- via autosomal dominant inheritance
97
Causes of hydropericardium
Edema, hypoproteinemia (PLN/PLE), RHF, venous outflow blockage, infectious (sepsis, vasculitis fibrin)
98
Most common primary renal tumor in dog; describe
Adenocarcinoma; well demarcated, compress parenchyma, one pole of the kidney
99
Tubular necrosis lesions
pale, swollen, +/- BM disruption. Regeneration or scar depending on BM; Histo: coagulative necrosis of prox convoluted tubules
100
Canine systemic histiocytosis- breeds
BMD, rottie, golden, dobie, labs (black and tans)
101
Liver- Why is Px guarded in oxidative dmg
Decreased O2 carrying capacity, kidney injury and liver damage
102
Pathogenesis of turkey egg kidney
Herpes virus replicates in capillary endothelium, causing multifocal hemorrhage- can also result in immune complex dz
103
Cutaneous lymphoma in dogs and cats- cell origin
T-lymphocytes (Cutaneous epitheliotrophic lymphoma )
104
Describe histo of nephroblastoma, signalment
Young dog, primitive glomeruli/tubules, may have cartilage/bone/fat
105
Hepatoid gland neoplasms are ____ dependent
Androgen
106
What are jet lesions
Fibrosis of endocardium surface where turbulence hits
107
Feline vaccine sarcomas: bio behavior
Locally aggressive and recurrent, from wide variety of sarcomas
108
Viral papilloma: treatment
Spontaneously regress
109
Appearance and causes of glycogen accumulation in hepatcytes
?
110
What tumors are proliferations of intraepidermal dendritic (langerhans) cells on the head, pinna, feet or scrotum of dogs
solitary cutaneous histiocytomas
111
Dog most common site for colorectal polyp
Anorectal jxn
112
Dog GI- What needs to be seen to call IBD
LP enteritis with damage/atrophy/fusion of villi; exclude parasites/allergic/infectious inflammation and cancer
113
Effect of PDA
Overload of RV --> RV hypertrophy
114
What mets to cat digits
Primary lung carcinomas in cats
115
White crystalline material in heart wall, black granular blood
Euthanasia artifact
116
Nephrotoxic tubular necrosis- describe effect
BM may be left intact, tubules can regenerate
117
Name ulcerative lesion in cat mouth adjacent to tooth
Paradental stomatitis
118
Desc chronic renal infarct
indent or loss of cortex due to fibrosis
119
Lesions of syncope
May be absent due to rapid onset; need 8-24 hour lag time
120
Ddx for focal damage to portion of kidney, otherwise normal
Interstitial nephritis: Single thrombus, bacterial sequestrum
121
Malignant histiocytosis is now called
Disseminated histiocytic sarcoma
122
Where is the SA nodes
Junction of CrVC and RA
123
Dog GI-Behavior, fibrosarcoma
Tend not to met, locally invasive/destructive
124
Describe cardiac dilation; sequelae
Stretching of myofibers, connections and architecture maintained, just stretched; necrosis--> fibrosis
125
Gross lesions of acute imm-comp GN
swollen, smooth, pale, red dots (glomeruli dilated with neuts)
126
Pale, pink-yellow mottled liver with rounded edges- cause
Hepatic lipidosis
127
Canine systemic histiocytosis present clinically and histologically like
Cutaneous reactive histiocytosis
128
Viral papilloma: predilection
young purebred dogs, immunosuppressed older
129
Causes of LV hypertrophy
systemic hypertension, aortic stenosis, mitral valve problems, hyperthyroidism, acromegaly
130
Ruptured, hemorrhagic bladder wall
Feline urologic syndroms, FLUTD-induced matrix plug rupture
131
Necrosis in syncope due to
Acute decompensation (BP/HR changes) and arrhythmias
132
Sequelae of aortic stenosis
LV hypertrophy (concentric)
133
Dx bilateral swollen kidneys, irregular poles
Schwartzman rxn (not cancer bc bilateral)
134
Swollen kidney =
acute!
135
Describe lobular terminology
Portal triad (Portal vein, hep a., bile duct) --> periportal, midzonal, centrilobular --> hepatic veins
136
What clinical findings suggest actinic dermatitis
Erythema, scale, comedones, non-healing ulcers and erosions
137
MCT- most common location in cat GI
intestinal
138
Renal seq to canine herpes virus
Multifocal hemorrhage (turkey egg appearance), renal vasculitis
139
Cutaneous reactive histiocytosis- gross appearance
Waxing/waning lesions of nodules and plaques
140
Extra-hepatic PSS signalment
Small breed
141
Abyssinian cat and shar pei dog - renal disease
Medullary interstitital amyloidosis
142
Normal sized, lumpy bumpy kidney- ddx
LSA, granulomatous dz
143
Cat oral SCC met locations
(more in laryngeal tonsilar)- regional LN, lungs
144
Cause of immune complex glomerulonephritis
Circulating Ag-Ab complexes, Ab attach GBM, formation of complexes within kidney
145
What are the components of Tetralogy of Fallot
Dextroaorta (sitting over both V), high VSD, RV hypertrophy, pulmonary stenosis
146
Dog Intestinal GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor)- type
Mesenchymal
147
Anal gland neoplasms are associated with what paraneoplasic syndroms
Hypercalcemia of malignancy
148
FIP lesion- histo
Macs and neuts
149
Feline cutaneous MCT Px
Curative with excision, low met potential
150
Dog Intestinal GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor)- ddx
Leiomyosarcoma
151
Patchy liver necrosis 3 ddx
Septic emboli, liver flukes, ischemia
152
Bio behavior of cutaneous plasma cell tumors in dogs
Solitary, pleiomorphic appearance but benign, curative excision
153
Multicentric SCC In-situ (Bowman's dz): describe lesions
Plaques and papillation with scale
154
Ddx for nail bed/subungual tumors in dogs
Malignant melanoma, keratocanthoma, SCC
155
What liver cancer has cavitated cysts and why
Biliary carcinoma- most likely to outgrow their blood supply
156
Liver Copper toxicosis: breeds
Bedlington, golden, lab, dalmatian
157
Describe pathogenesis of changes in hydropnephrosis
No change in tissue, just lack of tissue, fluid left behind (too much pelvis, not enough medulla); pressure necrosis
158
Multifocal white sponts throughout kidney
Suppurative GN - emboli from vascular distribution
159
Describe visceral gout in lizards
white plaues from uric acid build up
160
Prognosis is poor for cirrhosis with fibrosis because
can't repair
161
Feline abdominal lymphangiosarcoma: prognosis
Poor due to poor resection ability
162
What is the most important aortic arch abnormality
Persistent right aortic arch
163
Basal cell tumor- cat: appearance
cystic, pigmented
164
Dx finely granular pattern of fibrosis throughout cortex
Chronic GN or amyloid
165
When does fibrosis occur
10-14 days- think suture removal
166
Describe the bio behavior of STSs on dog skin
Locally invasive, low met potential, recurrent with incomplete excision
167
Which species are melanocytic tumors more malignant when on haired skin
Cats
168
FIP signalment, cause
Enteric coronavirus, young cats
169
Ddx renal papillary necrosis
NSAIDs (MOST COMMON), macrolides (2nd MOST COMMON), medullary amyloidosis, pyelitis, renal calculi, obstructive pressure,
170
Dx patchy, depressed areas of fibrosis with full thickness extension
Chronic interstitial nephritis secondary to pyeloneph
171
SCC GI- more in dogs or cats
Cats
172
Feline abdominal lymphangiosarcoma: presentation
Diffuse bruising and swelling on ventral abdomen
173
Appearance and causes of chronic passive congestion of liver
?
174
What causes clinical signs of PRAA
compression of trachea or esophagus
175
Cat oral FSA bio behavior
Invasive, destructive, rarely met
176
Differentiate liver HSA from melanoma
Paper towel test for blood on HSA (red v black)
177
Desc acute stomach ulcers
Erythematous edge, sharp margins, adhered food
178
Chronic cystitis findings
LP infiltrates, fibrosis, thickened wall
179
Dog GI Cause of gingivitis
Chronic antigenic stimulation causing hyperplasia
180
Clinical effects of septal defects-
depend on size of defect, systemic resistance compared to pulmonary
181
What limits cardiac hypertrophy; sequelae
Need helathy myocardium; myocytes thickening moves them away from capillaries, limiting O2 and nutrition, once limit met- dilation
182
Hepatoid gland neoplasms are most often what type of cancer
Adenoma (benign)
183
Tx / Px Dog colorectal polyp
Complete surgical resection, recurrence possible but low,; higher if multiple masses
184
Multifocal liver cysts often associated with
Polycystic kidney dz in dogs with PKD1 gene problem
185
Ddx for kidney cysts
CKD, PJN, PKD (MANY cysts, bilateral)
186
Ddx multifocal nodules in cat kidney
FIP, LSA, bacteria via hematogenous spread, fungus
187
Most follicular-origin tumors in cats and dogs are benign/malignant
Benign and excision curative
188
Types of chronic cystitis
Polypoid- nodular surface, Follicular- cobblesone mucosa of LP proliferation,
189
Basal cell tumor- cat: arises from
basal layer of epidermis
190
ONLY true finding of acute cystitis
multifocal hemorrhage (+/- edema, erosions, exudate)
191
Sequelae of LHF
Pulmonary congestion/edema, pulmonary fibrosis, hemosiderosis!
192
What effect can uremia have on the heart
Endocardial mineralization, pericarditis
193
Describe bile flow in liver
Acinus --> canaliculi filter --> dumped into bile ductules
194
Dog GI -Behavior: melanoma
Destructive, metastatic, to regional LN and lung
195
Cat common heart pathology
HCM, hyperthyroid LV hypertrophy, congenital
196
Tx- Cat oral LPS
Abx and immunosuppression
197
Decompensation cycle- heart
Decomp --> hypoxia - renin from kidney RAAS - aldosterone from adrenal cortex - NA/H2O retention - increased plasma volume - edema (also EPO stimulation leading to increased viscosity)
198
Evidence of uremic pneumonitis
Von Kossa stain showing black spots on mineralized alveolar septa; grossly chunky
199
Where can feline alimentary LSA most commonly be diagnosed
Iliocecal LN
200
Where is AV node
Beneath septal leaflet of R- AV valve within IV-septum
201
FIP effusion makeup
high protein and globulins, gelatinous non-specific exudate
202
How is long term survival determined in STS in dog skin
Grading scale
203
Intra-hepatic PSS signalment
Lg breed dogs
204
Appearance of glomerular damage and PLN
Tubules full of pink proteinaceous fluid
205
Causes of hemopericardium
trauma, RA rupture from HSA, LA rupture from endocardiosis, spontaneous atrial rupture
206
Diffusely dark black kidney, histo with pyknotic nuclei; ddx
Hemoglobinuric nephrosis- Hgb toxic to kidney (cant ddx from myoglobinuric)
207
Lesions of rabbit hemorrhagic dz
Hemorrhage and diffuse liver necrosis
208
Cause of immune complex GN
Any condition iwht persistent antigenemia- FIP, FeLeuk, HWD, SLE, IMHA, plasma cell tumor/multipl myeloma, many others
209
More prminent valve (parachute)
Tricuspid
210
Dog PWTs: cell of origin
mesenchymal (variably differentiated)
211
Bright red accumulation in capillary loops of histo kidney sample
DC fibrin accumulation
212
Where are Hepatoid gland neoplasms found
Tail, anus, prepuce
213
Multicentric SCC In-situ (Bowman's dz): caused by UV light or chronic papillomavirus infection
Chronic papillomavirus infection (not UV)
214
Cardiomyopathy hot spot
mid-ventricle
215
Cuases of cholestasis
Mucocele, pancreatitis, gall stone, liver cancer
216
CHF backward failure
accumulation behind the failing portion (ex. RV- vena cava)
217
Locations of Aortic Stenosis
Above, at, below valve
218
Glomerular damage leads to
Loww of LMW proteins to urine (PLN), leading to edema/ascites, effusions
219
Determine acute renal infarct
Raised wedge
220
T/F some epulides have the potential to met
F
221
Breed- aortic stenosis
Large dogs
222
What are endocardial cushion defects
Valvular dysplasia- any malformation of mitral and tricuspid leaflets and their position
223
Dimpling of kidneys should make you think
Chronic
224
Most common septal defect
VSD high in septum (membranous portion instead of muscular)
225
Histo evidence of coagulative necrosis of kidney
No nuclei in tubular epithelium, look for tubules full of inflammatory cells
226
Causes of L to R shunting
ASD, VSD, PDA; AV septal defect
227
Which canine oral lesion does not look like the rest of the ddx
viral papillomas
228
Histo appearance of pyelonephritis
medullary lesions of necrosis, fibrin, hemorrhage
