SS DNA Flashcards by skug LU

Parvoviridaestrcture

DNA, naked, icosahedral

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Coat proeins o parvoiridae

VP1 and VP2

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Members of paroviridae

Human parvovirus B19, Feline
panleukopenia virus, Canine parvovirus, H1
and Dependoviruses (AAV-2)

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Replication of parvo

Replication: Requires actively dividing cells
(lacks its own DNA polymerase)

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Transmxsion of parvo

Transmission: Mainly respiratory route,
blood, and transplacenta

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Attachent and entryof parvovirus

Attachment and Entry-> erythrocyte P
antigen (also called globoside)

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Nuclear Replication of parvovirus

> DNA Polymerase,
Cellular Machinery for Replication

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Assembly and Release-> apoptosis due to
cytopathic effect

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Assembly and release of parvovrus

apoptosis due to
cytopathic effect

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Erythroparvovirus (Parvovirus B19) –

infects humans

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Dependoparvovirus (Adeno-Associated
Viruses, AAVs) –

requires helper viruses for
replication.

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Bocaparvovirus –

respiratory infections in
children.

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Infects immature erythrocytes

HUMAN PARVOVIRUS B19

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How is human parvovirus b19 transmitted

Transmission: Respiratorytransmission, blood products
and vertical transmission

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Can beshown in anemic patients and those with hyrops fetalis on preggy

Human parvovirus b 19

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➢ “Slapped-cheek” rash, fever, malaise

Human parvovirus

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Pathogenesis of parvovirus b19

Entry: Virus binds to P antigen (globoside) on
erythroid progenitor cells.
Replication: Occurs in actively dividing cells
(e.g., bone marrow).
Cytopathic Effect: Causes destruction of
erythroid precursors, leading to anemia.
Immune Response: Rash appears due to
immune complex formation.
●
Direct cytopathic effect: Lysis of infected

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erythroid progenitors leads to decreased red
blood cell production.

Parvovirus b 19

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Viral suppression of erythropoiesis leads to
anemia, especially in individuals with
underlying hematologic disorders.

Human parvovirus b19

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How to detect parvovirus

Pcr, serology, bm biopsy, nuckeuc acid hybriization test

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what category of torch is human parvovirus b19 in

o / others

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explain torch

Acronym for a group of infections that can cause serious problems during pregnancy, especially if transmitted from mother to fetus.

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torch meaning

T - OXOPLASMA GONDII
OTHER - SYPHILIS, PARVOVIRUS B19, VARICELLA ZOSTER, LISTERIA
R - UBELLAA
C - YTOMEGALOVIRUS
H - ERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS - 2 (HSV-2)

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FIRST DISEASE

MEASLES AND RUBELLA

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SECOND DISEASE

SCARLET FEVER

THIRD

RUBELLA, GERMAN MEASLES

FOURTH

FILATOV-DUKE'S DISEASE

FIFTH DISEASE

ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM

SIXTH DISEASE

ROSEOLA, EXANTHEMA, SUBITUM

A highly contagious virus affecting dogs, primarily puppies.

CANINE PARVOVIRUS

Affects cats, especially kittens, leading to severe gastrointestinal and immune system damage.

FELINE PARVOVIRUS

Bulletshaped, enveloped RNA viruses

RABIES

Nervous system infection Usually acquired from animal bites

RABIES

Virus persists and multiply at the site of inoculation (i.e., muscle) → Dorsal root ganglia → Spinal cord → Brains

RABIES

ANTIGENS INVOLVED IN RABIES

Antigens G protein N (nucleoprotein), L (large) and NS (non- structural) or P (phosphoprotein)

Negri bodies IN TISSUE

RABIES

LAB DIAGNOSIS FOR RABIES

Serology Serum or CSF may be used Antibodies are usually detectable late in the disease. Immunofluorescence Rabies antigens in skin, brain or corneal specimens Molecular and culture methods Saliva may be tested using RT-PCR Mice brains for culture Histologic exam Negri bodies

Resistant to acidic pH, detergent and heat

PICORNAVIRIDAE

Capsid contains 4 viral polypeptides (VP 1 to 4).

PICORNAVIRIDAE

Cell receptors recognized IN PICORNAVIRIDAE

ICAM-1 expressed on epithelial cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells DAF/CD55 PVR/CD155

MEMBERS OF PICORNAVIRIDAE

MEMBERS A. Enterovirus B. Rhinovirus types 1 to 100+ C. Cardiovirus D. Aphthovirus E. Hepatovirus (Hepatitis A)

HOW IS ENTEROVIRUS TRANSMITTED

FECAL-ORAL

PORTAL OF ENTRY FOR ENTERO

Portals of entry: URT, oropharynx and intestinal tract

Common cold-like symptoms: Coxsackieviruses A21 and A24, Echoviruses 11 and 20

ENTEROVIRUS

Skeletal muscle → Nerves → Brain → Cytolysis of motor neurons of anterior horn and brain stem → Paralysis

ENTEROVIRUS - POLIOVIRUS TYPE 1,2, AND 3

Abortive POLIOVIRUS TYPE 1,2, AND 3

non-specific febrile illness

meninges affected causing back pain and muscle spasms

Nonparalytic POLIOVIRUS TYPE 1,2, AND 3

Herpangina: Vesicular lesions in oral cavity

ENTEROVIRUS - COXSACKIE A

ENTEROVIRUS - COXSACKIE A16

Hand foot and mouth disease

Bornholm disease/Devil's grip

ENTEROVIRUS - COXSACKIE B

Myocarditis and Pericarditis: cyanosis, tachycardia, cardiomegaly, hepatomegaly and heart failure.

ENTEROVIRUS - COXSACKIE B

Enteric cytopathic human orphan

ENTEROVIRUS - Echovirus types 1 to 9, 11 to 27, and 29 to 34

Viral/aseptic meningitis: outbreaks commonly caused by echovirus 11

ENTEROVIRUS - Echovirus types 1 to 9, 11 to 27, and 29 to 34

Viral/aseptic meningitis: Petechiae

ENTEROVIRUS - Echovirus 68 to 71

LAB DIAGNOSIS FOR ENTEROVIRUS

CSF chemistry Throat and stool tissue cultures: Poliovirus – monkey kidney tissue Coxsackie A – suckling mice Coxsackie B – primary monkey or human embryo kidney cells Genetic and serologic testing

HOW IS RHINOVIRUS TRANSMITTED

Transmission: Aerosol and fomites

WHAT KIND OF DISEASES DOES FLAVIVIRIDAE CAUSE

Yellow fever Dengue fever St. Louis and West Nile viruses

St. Louis and West Nile viruses SYMPTOMS

Encephalitis Flu-like symptoms (i.e., fever, headache and malaise) rash and lymphadenopathy

HOW IS St. Louis and West Nile viruses TRANSMITTED

Transmitted by mosquitoes

Incubation period OF St. Louis and West Nile viruses

Incubation period: 3 to 14 days

Acute flaccid paralysis

(West Nile virus)

Eastern, Western and Venezuelan equine encephalitides are caused by the Alphavirus genus

TOGAVIRIDAE

HOW IS TOGAVIRIDAE Transmitted

by mosquitoes

MOT AND INCUBATION OF RUBELLA VIRUS

MOT: Respiratory droplets Incubation: 12 to 23 days

S/S: fever, mild rash, retroauricular lymphadenopathy and joint pain

RUBELLA VIRUS

“Blueberry Muffin Babies” due to thrombocytopenic purpura

RUBELLA

Congenital defects in pregnant women infected during the first trimester

RUBELLA

HOW TO DIAGNOSE RUBELLA

TORCH titers Serologic test formats: CF and HAI Viral culture: Respiratory secretions or urine

CAUSE hemorrhagic fevers

Marburg and Ebola

Tropism: macrophages, hepatocytes and endothelial cells

FILOVIRIDAE

Do not produce cytopathic effects when grown in culture.

ARENAVIRIDAE

Acquired from contact with rodent excreta

ARENAVIRIDAE

Can affect almost every organ system

Lassa

High fever and severe muscle aches Deafness is a common complication.

Lassa

Meningitis, encephalitis and myelitis

LCM

Biphasic febrile illness EXPLAIN FIRST AND SECOND

LCM First phase: fever, malaise, anorexia, muscle aches, headache, nausea, and vomiting. Testicular and parotid pain may also occur. Second phase: meningitis or encephalitis. LCM virus can also cause acute hydrocephalus.

California encephalitis virus: La Crosse virus is most common.

BUNYAVIRIDAE

Sandfly and Rift Valley fevers are mild febrile illnesses caused by the genus

Phlebovirus

Both diseases are acquired from contact with rodent excreta.

Genus Hantavirus: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS).

: Seoul, Hantaan and Dobrava viruses

HFRS

: Sin Nombre virus

HPS

Colorado Tick Fever

RUBELLA VIRUS

Arthropod-borne Usually mosquitoes

ARBOVIRUS

GENERAL FEATURES OF ARTHROPOD BORNE DISEASES

1. viruses multiply in tissues of insect vectors without producing disease, and vector acquires a lifelong infection 2. Three clinical syndromes are common 3. Infection provides permanent immunity; for many of the diseases, no vaccines are available; treatment is usually supportive

Undifferentiated fevers, with or without arash Hemorrhagic fevers-frequently severe and Fatal Encephalitis-often with a high case fatality Rate

ARBOVIRUS

fever, chills, headache, backache; these are followed by nausea and vomiting

Yellow fever

Severe cases: jaundice, lesions and hemorrhaging occur

Yellow fever

Tick-borne; main reservoirs are ground squirrels, rabbits, and deeR

Colorado tick fever

Symptoms include abrupt onset of fever, chills, severe headaches, photophobia, and muscle pain

Colorado tick fever

Break bone fever or bone crusher disease

Dengue

VECTOR FOR DENGUE

Vectors: Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus

Dengue hemorrhagic fever

Hemorrhagic tendency Thrombocytopenia Evidence of plasma leakage

Weak rapid pulse and narrow pulse pressure (less than 20 mm Hg)or

Dengue shock syndrome

Hypotension for age; cold, clammy skin and Restlessness.

Dengue shock syndrome

SS DNA Flashcards

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