SS FINAL Flashcards
FERTILE CRESCENT
the valley near the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in modern-day Iraq. This is its name because it contains rich and fertile soul and water; also known as Mesopotamia
SILT
damp, fertile soil
BEDOUIN
animal herders in Southwest Asia
SUEZ CANAL
a man-made waterway that crosses the Isthmus of Suez, connects Mediterranean and Red Sea
WADIS
dry riverbeds that fill with rainwater
AQUIFERS
a large underground water reserve
DESALINATION
plants used to remove salt from water (used to purify water)
NATURAL RESOURCES
substances, materials, and living things that can occur on or withing the Earth that have economic value, renewable or non-renewable
IMPERIALISM
the result of the need for increased natural resources by European and western nations
COLONIALISM
SIMILAR TO IMPERIALISM
a nation conquering/acquiring territory to use to its advantage
OTTOMAN EMPIRE
a group of Islamist and warriors, strong army
- founded in 1300s
- breakup at the end of WWII (mandates)
- most of SW Asia controlled by Ottoman Empire
- strict Islamists
NATIONALISM
belief in self-rule, reject outside influence
PAN-ARAB
word that describes anything related to the concept of a state of unity among Arab countries
PAN-AFRICANISM
a movement that has encouraged unity of all Africans and African descent
- independence of Africans against European influence
- began in 1700s, strengthened in 1900s
DICTATOR
a person who has ABSOLUTE CONTROL over a country
HEREDITARY MONARCH
a supreme ruler of a country who ascends to the throne because of birth order
- Saudi Arabia ruled by Hereditary Monarchy
- king also Prime Minister
- form of government
SECULAR
not specifically or openly religious; maintaining separation of church and state
- US
- Iraq
- UK
- Germany
- Turkey
FOSSIL FUELS
created from remains of plants and animals found in the ocean (formed with pressure, heat, etc)
- turns into gas, coal, oil
- fossil fuels are released into atmosphere and cause air pollution, commonly places with good supply (major producers) of fossil fuels
* coal –> China
CONSUMPTION
the use of resources to satisfy wants and needs
- use of energy
- results in destruction, deterioration, or transformation of resources
- fossil fuels good example
- once fossil fuel is used, it cannot be replaced
* oil + gas account for 60% of Earth’s energy consumption
SCARCITY
the needs and wants of a person or group exceed the resources available to meet needs and wants
- countries competing over control of access to fossil fuels
- limited resources (supply), (important, wanted, valuable)
- companies, individuals, and countries rely on it
WHY WAS THIS REGION SO VITAL FOR TRADE?
North Africa and Southwest Asia
- because it is a crossroads between Europe, Asia, and Africa; located along important bodies of water (Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Persian Gulf)
IMPACT OF CULTURAL DIFFUSION
- traders from the Arabian Peninsula traveled to India and learned how to use zeroes in their number system
- schools and libraries in Egypt held books by Greek philosophers and astronomers
THREE MAJOR RELIGIONS
ⒿⓊⒹⒶⒾⓈⓂ: Torah, Abraham, around 2000 BC, Moses, Abraham, Israelites, monotheistic, 10 Commandments, temple on high holy days, read the Torah, sabbath on Saturday
ⒸⒽⓇⒾⓈⓉⒾⒶⓃⒾⓉⓎ: Jesus + small group of Jews, 330 CE, Jesus, God, Apostles, Mary + Joseph, 4 gospels, Bible, kindness, Jesus, consecration, care for sick
ⒾⓈⓁⒶⓂ: Muhammad around 600s CE, Muhammad, Allah, Ishmael, followers of Muhammad, Muslims, Quran, submission to God, 5 Pillars, monotheistic, 5 Pillars of Islam
CONFLICT IN JERUSALEM
ⒸⒶⓊⓈⒺ: ruled for many centuries by Muslims
ⒺⒻⒻⒺⒸⓉ: 1948 Israel declared war –> free, resulted in violence and war; Arab countries invaded Israel
