stages of child development

Question 1

what age is a pre-school child?

Answer 1

2 years old

Question 2

what cooperation stage do 2 year olds come under?

Answer 2

pre-cooperative

Question 3

describe the behaviour of 2 year old pre school child?

Answer 3

• dependent on parent
  -default to cry (hunger, tired, separation anxiety)
  -poor concentration and sitting still
  -time issues

Question 4

what is important for two year olds?

Answer 4

parental support and oral health education

Question 5

what cooperation stage is a 3 year old?

Answer 5

pre-cooperative

Question 6

describe the behaviour of 3 year olds?

Answer 6

-some verbal skills- more understanding
-mimic adult behaviour
-respond well to colourful, descriptive stories
-time issues

Question 7

what cooperation stage is a 4 year old?

Answer 7

potentially cooperative

Question 8

describe the behaviour of 4 year olds?

Answer 8

-more communication and interaction
-test boundaries- e.g want to do it themselves

Question 9

children with dental anxieties fall into which age group?

Answer 9

4 year olds

Question 10

what word best describes the average school child?

Answer 10

egocentric

Question 11

describe the behaviour of school children?

Answer 11

-more independent-less parental support
-better communication and interaction
-respond well to praise and flattery
-love to show off possessions

Question 12

describe the behaviour of 7 year olds?

Answer 12

can separate what is important and not important to them

Question 13

at what age can children physically brush their own teeth?

Answer 13

7 years old

Question 14

describe the behaviour of adolescents?

Answer 14

-more independent
-major hormonal and physical changes
-sensitive to comments
-live for the day not the future
-difficulty motivating
-can deal with cause and effect of health

Question 15

what are some tactics for 2 year olds?

Answer 15

-short appts
-avoid yes/no answers
-invite parent in
-focus on child
-no sudden movements or working behind

Question 16

what are some tactics for 3 year olds?

Answer 16

-arouse curiosity
-keep control of helping hands
-positive attitude

Question 17

what are some tactics for 4 year olds?

Answer 17

-explain simple procedure- e.g suction
-keep control
-avoid delays

Question 18

what are some tactics for 5-8 year olds?

Answer 18

• compliments- talk about personal items
  -appeal to vanity- clean tooth and fill with shiny star
  -give praise
  -focus on child
  -practice procedures and teach stop signals

Question 19

what can change the reactions of developmental stages?

Answer 19

introvert and extrovert

Question 20

what is out of character behaviour symptomatic of?

Answer 20

anxiety

Question 21

what kind of children will take longer to adapt?

Answer 21

clingy children

Question 22

what is the locus of control?

Answer 22

describes the extent to which you feel in control to the outcome of life events

Question 23

what are the two types of locus of control?

Answer 23

internal and external

Question 24

describe the internal locus of control

Answer 24

they control what happens to them- are responsible for their own health

Question 25

describe the external locus of control

Answer 25

what happens to them is out of their control- put down to chance and personal input won't change anything

Question 26

what locus of control group need more motivation?

Answer 26

external- as they leave health up to fate

Question 27

what kind of treatment details would you give internal locus children?

Answer 27

specific- will give feeling of expectation and sense of control over procedures

Question 28

what kind of treatment detail would you give external locus children?

Answer 28

an outline of procedure- details can cause anxiety

Question 29

what is trait anxiety?

Answer 29

consistent anxiety that is part of personality trait- not in response to a stressful situation

Question 30

will trait anxiety get more nervous during operative appointments?

Answer 30

no- trait anxiety is stable- exam appt and operative appt cause same anxiety

Question 31

what can influence behaviour anxiety and stages of development?

Answer 31

personality (internal and external) and trait anxiety

Question 32

how do you communicate with children?

Answer 32

-inform parents and children -make child centre of attention -watch tone of voice- young -avoid long explanations- older

Question 33

how do you communicate well with patients?

Answer 33

-listen to their concerns -respect their decisions -relieve feelings of guilt -encourage positive health promoting behaviour -encourage parents to encourage Childs co-operative behaviour -explain procedures-no jargon -discuss treatment options without bias

Question 34

what are 6 aspects of verbal communication?

Answer 34

-jargon -level -listening -retention -distortion -tone

Question 35

how does jargon affect communication?

Answer 35

-may talk jargon if anxious -can increase anxiety and misunderstanding if don't understand

Question 36

how does level affect communication?

Answer 36

-adults and children are different levels -difficult to speak on same level to both -parents will understand you're trying to communicate with child -use words appropriate to level -can cause anxiety and confusion if wrong level

Question 37

how does listening affect communication?

Answer 37

-we listen at 25% of our potential -listening decreases if anxious -give information prior to appt

Question 38

how does retention affect communication?

Answer 38

-we retain 50% of information 5 mins after leaving surgery -write information down for future reference

Question 39

how does distortion affect communication?

Answer 39

-what you're saying may be perceived as something else eg. sugar free and reduced sugar -write down key messages to avoid misinterpretation

Question 40

how does tone of voice affect communication?

Answer 40

soft, calm and reassuring voice is better for children and anxious patients

Question 41

give examples of choosing right words for dental equipment

Answer 41

slow handpiece- buzzy bee prophylaxis- electric t.b injection-freeze suction-hoover rubber dam-raincoat FS- tooth paint

Question 42

what forms are non-verbal communication?

Answer 42

eyes- contact face posture- avoid back lean/arms crossed body contact

Question 43

what should you avoid regarding non verbal communication?

Answer 43

-invading personal space -sitting behind whilst chatting

Question 44

what are the two steps to have success with patients?

Answer 44

1- gain rapport- eye contact and make them smile 2-give control- raise hand to tell me to stop

Question 45

what are specific techniques for patient management?

Answer 45

-tell show do -rewards -distracting- wiggle feet -breathing -positive

Question 46

describe dental environment that's good for children?

Answer 46

-child height posters -stickers -toys -childrens corner -child friendly colours -friendly staff -coloured glasses -pin board for drawings -puppets