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paediatrics > stages of child development > Flashcards

stages of child development Flashcards

1
Q

what age is a pre-school child?

A

2 years old

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2
Q

what cooperation stage do 2 year olds come under?

A

pre-cooperative

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3
Q

describe the behaviour of 2 year old pre school child?

A
  • dependent on parent
    -default to cry (hunger, tired, separation anxiety)
    -poor concentration and sitting still
    -time issues
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4
Q

what is important for two year olds?

A

parental support and oral health education

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5
Q

what cooperation stage is a 3 year old?

A

pre-cooperative

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6
Q

describe the behaviour of 3 year olds?

A

-some verbal skills- more understanding
-mimic adult behaviour
-respond well to colourful, descriptive stories
-time issues

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7
Q

what cooperation stage is a 4 year old?

A

potentially cooperative

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8
Q

describe the behaviour of 4 year olds?

A

-more communication and interaction
-test boundaries- e.g want to do it themselves

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9
Q

children with dental anxieties fall into which age group?

A

4 year olds

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10
Q

what word best describes the average school child?

A

egocentric

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11
Q

describe the behaviour of school children?

A

-more independent-less parental support
-better communication and interaction
-respond well to praise and flattery
-love to show off possessions

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12
Q

describe the behaviour of 7 year olds?

A

can separate what is important and not important to them

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13
Q

at what age can children physically brush their own teeth?

A

7 years old

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14
Q

describe the behaviour of adolescents?

A

-more independent
-major hormonal and physical changes
-sensitive to comments
-live for the day not the future
-difficulty motivating
-can deal with cause and effect of health

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15
Q

what are some tactics for 2 year olds?

A

-short appts
-avoid yes/no answers
-invite parent in
-focus on child
-no sudden movements or working behind

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16
Q

what are some tactics for 3 year olds?

A

-arouse curiosity
-keep control of helping hands
-positive attitude

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17
Q

what are some tactics for 4 year olds?

A

-explain simple procedure- e.g suction
-keep control
-avoid delays

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18
Q

what are some tactics for 5-8 year olds?

A
  • compliments- talk about personal items
    -appeal to vanity- clean tooth and fill with shiny star
    -give praise
    -focus on child
    -practice procedures and teach stop signals
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19
Q

what can change the reactions of developmental stages?

A

introvert and extrovert

20
Q

what is out of character behaviour symptomatic of?

A

anxiety

21
Q

what kind of children will take longer to adapt?

A

clingy children

22
Q

what is the locus of control?

A

describes the extent to which you feel in control to the outcome of life events

23
Q

what are the two types of locus of control?

A

internal and external

24
Q

describe the internal locus of control

A

they control what happens to them- are responsible for their own health

25
Q

describe the external locus of control

A

what happens to them is out of their control- put down to chance and personal input won’t change anything

26
Q

what locus of control group need more motivation?

A

external- as they leave health up to fate

27
Q

what kind of treatment details would you give internal locus children?

A

specific- will give feeling of expectation and sense of control over procedures

28
Q

what kind of treatment detail would you give external locus children?

A

an outline of procedure- details can cause anxiety

29
Q

what is trait anxiety?

A

consistent anxiety that is part of personality trait- not in response to a stressful situation

30
Q

will trait anxiety get more nervous during operative appointments?

A

no- trait anxiety is stable- exam appt and operative appt cause same anxiety

31
Q

what can influence behaviour anxiety and stages of development?

A

personality (internal and external) and trait anxiety

32
Q

how do you communicate with children?

A

-inform parents and children
-make child centre of attention
-watch tone of voice- young
-avoid long explanations- older

33
Q

how do you communicate well with patients?

A

-listen to their concerns
-respect their decisions
-relieve feelings of guilt
-encourage positive health promoting behaviour
-encourage parents to encourage Childs co-operative behaviour
-explain procedures-no jargon
-discuss treatment options without bias

34
Q

what are 6 aspects of verbal communication?

A

-jargon
-level
-listening
-retention
-distortion
-tone

35
Q

how does jargon affect communication?

A

-may talk jargon if anxious
-can increase anxiety and misunderstanding if don’t understand

36
Q

how does level affect communication?

A

-adults and children are different levels
-difficult to speak on same level to both
-parents will understand you’re trying to communicate with child
-use words appropriate to level
-can cause anxiety and confusion if wrong level

37
Q

how does listening affect communication?

A

-we listen at 25% of our potential
-listening decreases if anxious
-give information prior to appt

38
Q

how does retention affect communication?

A

-we retain 50% of information 5 mins after leaving surgery
-write information down for future reference

39
Q

how does distortion affect communication?

A

-what you’re saying may be perceived as something else eg. sugar free and reduced sugar
-write down key messages to avoid misinterpretation

40
Q

how does tone of voice affect communication?

A

soft, calm and reassuring voice is better for children and anxious patients

41
Q

give examples of choosing right words for dental equipment

A

slow handpiece- buzzy bee
prophylaxis- electric t.b
injection-freeze
suction-hoover
rubber dam-raincoat
FS- tooth paint

42
Q

what forms are non-verbal communication?

A

eyes- contact
face
posture- avoid back lean/arms crossed
body contact

43
Q

what should you avoid regarding non verbal communication?

A

-invading personal space
-sitting behind whilst chatting

44
Q

what are the two steps to have success with patients?

A

1- gain rapport- eye contact and make them smile
2-give control- raise hand to tell me to stop

45
Q

what are specific techniques for patient management?

A

-tell show do
-rewards
-distracting- wiggle feet
-breathing
-positive

46
Q

describe dental environment that’s good for children?

A

-child height posters
-stickers
-toys -childrens corner
-child friendly colours
-friendly staff
-coloured glasses
-pin board for drawings
-puppets

paediatrics (13 decks)

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