Stages of learning Flashcards
(28 cards)
What are the three stages of learning?
Cognitive, Associative, Autonomous
Who were the psychologists who believed there were 3 stages of learning?
Fitts and Posner (1967)
True or False: The Cognitive stage of learning is characterized by a focus on understanding the basics of a skill.
True
Cognitive learner
-novice/ beginner performer
-quite a lot of trial and error
-successful movements can be reinforced by a coach telling them they did well (positive feedback) as it can strengthen s-r bond
-mental picture required
-visual and verbal guidance required
-selective attention: focusing on relevant parts
What is an example of cognitive learner?
A novice badminton player needs to understand the serve
Associative learner
-practicing and comparing with mental image
-mistakes are reduced
-feedback occurs external and extrinsic
-more aesthetically pleasing
-develop kinaesthetic senses ((to inform your brain about the
movement and contraction of muscles/tendons and
joints) help to strength S-R bonds.
What is an example of associative learner?
A novice badminton player is now aware of what needs to be done for the serve
Autonomous learner
- almost automatic
- concentrate on strategies and tactics
-If the performer does not practice – they may
move back to a stage
-improvements can be slow bc learner is capable
-The learner can now detect errors and adjust to refine them independently.
-Final stage of learning
What is an example of autonomous learner?
A badminton player is now confident and can consistently perform an accurate serve with minimum amount of thought.
What is the primary focus of the Autonomous stage of learning?
Performing skills automatically and with high proficiency
Multiple Choice: Which stage involves trial and error learning?
Cognitive stage
What type of feedback is most beneficial in the Cognitive stage?
Immediate and specific feedback
True or False: In the Associative stage, learners become less reliant on external feedback.
True
What is a key characteristic of the Cognitive stage?
High levels of errors and confusion
Fill in the blank: The __________ stage is where learners refine their skills and begin to understand the nuances of performance.
Associative
What is the role of practice in the Associative stage?
To improve consistency and performance quality
Multiple Choice: Which stage allows for the integration of skills into complex movements?
Autonomous stage
True or False: Autonomous learners require constant supervision to perform skills effectively.
False
Fill in the blank: During the Autonomous stage, athletes can focus on __________ during performance.
tactics and strategies
Which stage is characterized by a gradual decrease in the number of errors?
Associative stage
Multiple Choice: At which stage do athletes begin to develop their own style of performance?
Autonomous stage
True or False: The Associative stage is the final stage of learning.
False
What is the main challenge for learners in the Cognitive stage?
Understanding and executing the skill correctly
Fill in the blank: Feedback in the Autonomous stage can be more focused on __________ rather than basic skill execution.
tactical decisions
