Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MTAP: Histopath & MTLE > STAINING (INCOMPLETE kay Chenney ang sumpay hahaha) > Flashcards

STAINING (INCOMPLETE kay Chenney ang sumpay hahaha) Flashcards

(106 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Alkaline structures (cytoplasm) are stained by?

A

Acidic stains (Eosin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Enables one to see and study the architectural pattern of the tissue and physical characteristics and structural relationships of tissues and their cells

A

Staining/Dyeing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Staining/Dyeing is made possible through?

A
  • capillary osmosis
  • solubility
  • absorption and
  • adsorption of stains or dyes by tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acidic structures (nucleus) are stained by?

A

alkaline/basic stains (hematoxylin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The process whereby the tissue constituents are demonstrated in sections by direct interaction with a dye or staining solution,
producing coloration of the active tissue component

A

Histological staining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Enumerate the stains used for Histological Staining

A
  • Microanatomic stains
  • Bacterial stains
  • Specific tissue stains
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Used to demonstrate the general relationship of tissues and cells with differentiation of nucleus and cytoplasm

A

Histological staining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The process whereby various constituents of tissues are studied thru chemical reactions that will permit microscopic localization of a specific tissue substance

A

Histochemical staining or Histochemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A combination of immunologic and histochemical techniques that allow phenotypic markers to be detected and demonstrated under
the microscope, using a wide range of monoclonal, fluorescent-labeled or enzyme-labeled antibodies

A

Immunohistochemical staining or Immunohistochemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Enumerate the stains used for Histochemistry Staining

A
  • Perl’s Prussian Blue (hemoglobin); demonstrates ferric iron (Fe3+) in
    tissues
  • Periodic Acid Schiff (Carbohydrates)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Enumerate the Classifications of Staining

A

1) Histological staining
2) Histochemical staining
3) Immunohistochemical staining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

It is the basis of histochemistry

A

Specific staining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

It is accomplished by controlled, specific chemical reactions designed to give a final color (staining) at the site/location of the structure of the substances in the cells or tissues

A

Specific staining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Enumerate the stains used for Specific staining

A
  • Perl’s Prussian blue reaction
  • Periodic Acid Schiff technique
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The action of the dye is intensified by some other agents

A

Indirect staining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The staining of tissue by means of simple alcoholic/aqueous
solution of the dye

A

Simple staining/ Direct staining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Enumerate the stains used for Simple staining/ Direct staining

A

Methylene Blue and Eosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Substance which when taken up by the tissue, helps make the in return serving as a link or bridge to make the staining reaction possible.

A

Mordant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

An integral part of the staining reaction itself, without which, no staining could possibly occur

A

Mordant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Combines with a dye forming a colored “lake” which combines with tissue to form an insoluble “tissue-mordant-dye complex

A

Mordant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Enumerate the stains used as a mordant

A
  • Potassium Alum with Hematoxylin in Ehrlich’s hematoxylin
  • Iron in Weigert’s hematoxylin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Chemical substances that does not participate but merely increases or heightens the color intensity, selectivity and crispness of the stain

A

Accentuator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Differ from mordants in that they do not bind or link the tissue to the dye

A

Accentuator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Enumerate the stains used as an Accentuator

A
  • Potassium hydroxide (KOH) in Loeffler’s Methylene blue
  • Phenol in carbol thionine and carbol fuchsin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Staining is continued in a definite sequence until the desired intensity of coloring of the different tissue elements is attained
Progressive staining
26
No washing/ differentiation/ decolorization in between is required solely relies on the selective affinity of dyes for different cellular elements
Progressive staining
27
Enumerate the stains used in Progressive staining
Gill's hematoxylin and Mayer's hematoxylin
28
The tissues are overstained and the excess dye is then removed until the desired intensity is obtained
Regressive staining
29
What are the two principles of regressive staining
- Overstaining - Washing/ Differentiation/ Decolorization
30
This refers to selective removal of excess stain from tissue
Washing/ Differentiation/ Decolorization
31
Enumerate the stains used for regressive staining
- Acid Fast Staining - Gram Staining - Harris hematoxylin - Ehrlich's hematoxylin - Delafield's hematoxylin
32
This is a slower staining process in which the tissue is left in the staining solution just long enough to reach the desired endpoint
Progressive staining
33
This is a more rapid staining process in which the tissue is deliberately over stained and then de-stained
Regressive staining
34
This method of staining rapidly diffuses over the entire cell
Regressive staining
35
This method of staining is slow and selective in staining of tissue components
Progressive staining
36
Entails the use of the specific dyes that stains tissues with a color that is different from that of the stain color itself
Metachromatic staining or Metachromasia
37
Metachromatic staining is particularly employed for staining of:
i. Cartilage ii. Epithelial mucins iii. Connective tissues iv. Amyloid v. Mast Cell granules
38
Basic dyes belonging to Thizine and Triphenylmethane groups
Metachromatic dye
39
Enumerate the stain used for Metachromatic staining
Cresyl Blue for reticulocytes
40
The application of a different color or stain to provide contrast and background to the staining of the structural components to be demonstrated
Counterstaining
41
What stain is used for counterstaining?
Eosin — for the cytoplasm
42
The selective staining of living cell constituents, demonstrating cytoplasmic structures by phagocytosis of the dye particle (Cytoplasmic Phagocytosis)
Vital staining
43
This is resistant to vital stains, and therefore is not demonstrated
Nucleus of the living cell
44
Demonstration of nuclear structures during vital staining suggests permeability of the membrane by the dye, signifying the?
Death of the cell
45
This vital stain is used to stain reticuloendothelial system
Trypan blue
46
True vital staining of mitochondria
Janus Green B
47
Done by injecting the dye into any part of the animal body (either intravenous, intraperitoneal or subcutaneous) producing specific coloration of certain cells, particularly those of the RES.
Intravital staining
48
What are the common dyes used for intravital staining?
- Lithium - India ink - Carmine
49
Used to stain living cells immediately after removal from the living body
Supravital staining
50
This is probably the best vital dye
Neutral red
51
Makes use of heavy metals which are precipitated with selectivity of certain cellular and tissue components
Metallic impregnation
52
What is the greatest application of metallic impregnation?
Greatest application in tissue from the CNS and for the demonstration of reticulin
53
Differs from staining because it consists of an opaque black particulate precipitate
Metallic impregnation
54
The most commonly used agent for impregnation
Silver nitrate
55
A stain for metallic impregnation that is used for demonstration of lipids
Osmium tetroxide
56
Are those obtained from plants and animals, previously utilized for dyeing of wool and cotton
Natural dyes
57
The most important and the most commonly used for routine histologic studies
Hematoxylin
58
A vegetable dye extracted from lichens which are normally colorless, but when treated with ammonia and expose to air, produce blue or violet colors
Orcein
58
Mainly used for staining Elastic fibers
Orcein
58
Cochineal is an old histologic dye extracted from the?
Female cochineal bug (coccus cacti)
58
A plant with orange stigmas yielding a dye
Saffron
59
Enumerate the four natural dyes
- Hematoxylin - Orcein - Cochineal - Saffron
60
Sometimes known as “coal tar dyes” since they were originally manufactured from substances that have been taken from coal tar
Synthetic dyes
61
Derived from the hydrocarbon benzene and are collectively known as aniline dyes
Synthetic dyes
62
A synthetic dye should consist two substances namely:
1) Chromophores 2) Auxochromes
63
A Greek word which means "color-bearers"
Chromophores
64
Substances capable of producing visible colors
Chromophores
65
Substances which impart to the compound property of electrolytic dissociation, thereby altering the shade of the dye, giving it the property of forming salts with another compound and ultimately retaining its color
Auxochromes
66
A Greek word which means "color increaser"
Auxochromes
67
For a chromogen to be a dye, it must be composed of an _________ and therefore have salt-forming properties, ultimately retaining its color
acid and a base
68
The coloring property is attributed to the __________ and the dyeing property to the salty forming __________,
chromophore and auxochrome, respectively
69
A process of selective removal of excess dye
Differentiation
70
If the dye is a basic one, differentiation is carried out by an?
Acid solution
71
An alkaline medium is used for differentiation after?
an acid dye
72
A specialized fixative used in frozen section which serves to localize antigens and hydrolytic enzymes
Formol calcium
73
It is also used for preservation of lipids
Formol calcium
74
It is similar with H and E technique but the differentiation stage is omitted
Modified H & E technique
75
H & E staining color reaction of: Cytoplasm & proteins in edema fluid
pale pink
76
H & E staining color reaction of: Cartilage
Light blue to Dark Blue
77
H & E staining color reaction of: Decalcified bone Osteoid Collagen
Pink
77
H & E staining color reaction of: Muscle fiber
deep pink
78
H & E staining color reaction of: RBC Eosinophil granules Keratin
Bright orange to Red
79
H & E staining color reaction of: Calcium & Calcified bone
Purplish blue
80
H & E staining color reaction of: Plasma cells Osteoblast Basophilic cytoplasm
Purplish pink
81
H & E staining color reaction of: Karyosome
Dark blue
82
H & E staining color reaction of: Nucleus
Blue to blue-black
83
Hematoxylin is a natural dye that is extracted from the core of heartwood of the?
tree Haematoxylon campechianum
84
By far the most valuable staining reagent used by the cytologist due to its powerful nuclear and active coloring agent
Hematoxylin
85
Usually done by exposing the substance to air and sunlight, thereby oxidizing hematoxylin
Ripening
86
Ripening is a slow process which usually takes about ______? But it can be accelerated by adding ________
3-4 months; strong oxidizing agents
87
Without this the ripened hematoxylin is almost useless because of its inherent low affinity for the tissue itself
Mordant
88
The complex of stain and mordant is called a
"lake"
89
Enumerate the examples of Mordants
- Aluminum - Chromium - Iron - Copper - Tungsten/ Phospotungstic acid (PTAH) - Ferric salt
90
This causes an intense blue-black appearance when used as a mordant
Ferric salt
91
This is the most commonly used mordant. Gives a blue lake appearance. And increases the selectivity for nuclei, especially if acid is added or is used as a differentiating agent
Aluminum
92
A red acid dye used for cytoplasm differentially
Eosin
93
Commonly used as a background or contrast stain because it gives a leasing and useful contrast to nuclear stains such as hematoxylin
Eosin
94
Enumerate the examples of Eosin
- Eosin Y (Most commonly used) - Eosin B (Rarely used) - Eosin S/ Ethyl Eosin (Rarely used)
95
Papanicolaou stain makes use of three stains. What are these stains
- Hematoxylin - OG- 6 (orange-green) - Eosin Azure
96
In papanicolaou stain, this is used for staining nuclear structures
Hematoxylin
97
In papanicolaou stain, this is used for staining cytoplasm of mature cells (ex Mature superficial cells)
OG- 6 (orange-green)
98
In papanicolaou stain, this is used for staining cytoplasm of immature cells (ex. Intermediate and parabasal cells)
Eosin Azure
99
Eosin azure is composed of?
Eosin, Bismarck brown, Lithium carbonate, PTA, Light green stain (36,50,65)
100
What is omitted in the modified pap's stain?
Bismarck brown dye
101
What are improved in the modified pap's stain?
1) Sharpness of color 2) Brilliant staining reactions
102
In Modified H & E technique, what stage is omitted?
Differentiation stage

MTAP: Histopath & MTLE (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions