Standards, laws, and management strategies

Question 1

What declaration was the first that set out fundamental human rights to be protected?

Answer 1

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) (1948)

Question 2

What is a weakness of declarations like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Comvention on the Rights of Disabled Persons?

Answer 2

As declarations, they could only provide a framework and recommendations.

Question 3

What U.N. convention clarifies and qualifies how all categories of rights apply to persons with disabilities and identifies areas where adaptions must be made, areas where rights have been violated, and where protections must be enforced?

Answer 3

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006).

Question 4

What treaty aims to ensure people with vision or other print disabilities has access to books and other printed materials?

Answer 4

The Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons who are Blind (2013).

Question 5

What are 3 international declarations and conventions on disability rights?

Answer 5

1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
2. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
3. The Marrakesh Treaty

Question 6

What 3 types of laws can impact disability?

Answer 6

1. Civil rights laws
2. Procurement laws
3. Domain-specific laws

Question 7

What are procurement laws? What are 2 examples of procurement laws that focus on accessibility?

Answer 7

Procurement laws specifically spell out standards and requirements for purchasing.
1. Section 508 (US)
2. EN 301 549 (EU)

Question 8

What are civil rights laws? What are 4 examples of civil rights laws that protect rights for people with disabilities?

Answer 8

Civil rights laws prohibit discrimination on the basis of disability and protect the rights of people with disabilities.
1. Americans with Disabilities Act (US)
2. The Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (Canada)
3. The Equality Act of 2010 (UK)
4. The Act on the Elimination of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities (Japan)

Question 9

What are information technology laws? What are some examples that focus on technology accessibility requirements?

Answer 9

Information technology laws provide legal outlines and regulations for distributing, collecting, and storing electronic information.
1. 21st Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act (US)
2. Air Carrier Access Act (US)
3. Web Standards for the Government of Canada
4. Standards sur l’accessibilité du Web (Canada)
5. French Law 2005-102
6. Barrierefreie-Informationstechnik-Verordnung (BITV 2) (Germany)
7. Code of Practice on Accessibility of Public Services and Information provided by Public Bodies (Ireland)
8. Law 4/2004 (“Stanca” Law) (Italy)
9. Law 34/2002, Law 51/2003 (Spain)

Question 10

What was the purpose of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union?

Answer 10

To bring consistency and clarity to the rights established at different times and in different ways in
individual EU Member States.

Question 11

What 2 articles of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union are relevant to disability?

Answer 11

1. Article 26: Integration of persons with disabilities
2. Article 21: Non-discrimination

Question 12

What article of the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights recognizes the rights of all persons?

Answer 12

Article 2

Question 13

What are the objectives of The Inter-American Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities?

Answer 13

To prevent and eliminate all forms of discrimination against persons with disabilities and to promote their full integration into society.

Question 14

What 4 measures must participating states parties undertake in The Inter-American Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities?

Answer 14

1. Providing or making available goods, services, facilities, programs, and activities
2. Facilitate transportation,
   communications, and access by persons with disabilities
3. Eliminate architectural, transportation, and
   communication obstacles to facilitate access and use by persons with disabilities
4. Ensure that persons responsible for applying this Convention and
   domestic law in this area are trained to do so

Question 15

What are the 3 priority areas in The Inter-American Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities?

Answer 15

1. Prevention of all forms of preventable disabilities
2. Early detection and intervention, treatment, rehabilitation, education, job training,
   and the provision of comprehensive services to ensure the optimal level of
   independence and quality of life for persons with disabilities
3. Educational campaigns aimed at
   eliminating prejudices, stereotypes, and other attitudes that jeopardize the right
   of persons to live as equals

Question 16

The UK Equality Act of 2010 aimed to do what?

Answer 16

Bring together disparate anti-discrimination laws and strengthen them in order to provide people with improved protections from discrimination in the workplace and society.

Question 17

Civil rights laws take cues from which model of disability?

Answer 17

The social model.

Question 18

The US Americans with Disabilities acts guarantees equal opportunity in what 5 areas?

Answer 18

1. Public accommodations
2. Employment
3. Transportation
4. State and local government services
5. Telecommunications

Question 19

What 2 entities are accountable to the US Americans with Disabilities act?

Answer 19

1. Businesses that own, rent, or lease public accesses and businesses open to the public.
2. Federal, state, and local entities.

Question 20

Who is described as responsible in the Ontarios with Disabilities act?

Answer 20

1. Every social and economic sector
2. Every region
3. Every government
4. Every organization, institution, and association
5. Every person

(basically everyone and every entity in Ontario)

Question 21

What is the focus of the US Twenty-First Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act (CVAA) of 2010?

Answer 21

Telecommunications, broadcasters, video captions, web browsers, etc.

Question 22

What is the focus of US Air Carrier Access Amendments Act of 2017?

Answer 22

Accessibility of airline travel.

Question 23

What is the focus of EN 301 549 Accessibility Requirements for Public Procurement of ICT Products and Services in Europe?

Answer 23

Ensures that products and services publicly purchased are compliant with accessibility standards.

Question 24

What is the focus on Section 508 of the US Rehabilitation act?

Answer 24

All products and services procured by the federal government must meet accessibility standards.

Question 25

What organizations are accountable to Section 508 of the US Rehabilitation act?

Answer 25

All organizations that do business with the federal government.

Question 26

What are 4 laws and standards that directly apply to web accessibility?

Answer 26

1. US Americans with Disabilities Act 2. US Section 508 3. EN 301 549 4. European Accessibility Act

Question 27

How does Title III of the US Americans with Disabilities Act impact accessibility?

Answer 27

Title III allows businesses to be sued discrimination based on disability in the activities of places of public accommodations, which includes buildings, educational institutions, public spaces, transportation, eCommerce, organizational websites, and mobile apps.

Question 28

How does US Section 508 impact accessibility?

Answer 28

All federal, state, and local government websites must meet Section 508 guidelines based on WCAG.

Question 29

How does EN 301 549 impact accessibility?

Answer 29

EN 301 549 requires websites and apps to be accessible, have an a11y statement, and provides methods to report issues and enforce requirements.

Question 30

What is the focus of the European Accessibility Act?

Answer 30

Synchronize accessibility rules across all member states by establishing accessibility rules for key products and services, such as computers, eCommerce, banking and ATMs, eBooks, and smartphones.

Question 31

How does the European Accessibility Act impact accessibiltiy?

Answer 31

The EAA sets minimum accessibility rules with enforcement methods and penalties for violation for all private businesses producing and selling key products and services, including computers and operating systems, eCommerce, banking, eBooks, and smartphones.

Question 32

What are 2 maturity models for accessibility?

Answer 32

1. The Capability Maturity Model for Software, Adapted 2. Business Disability Forum's Accessibility Maturity Model

Question 33

What are the 4 key phases of the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative Recommendations?

Answer 33

1. Initiate 2. Plan 3. Implement 4. Sustain

Question 34

"Learn the basics" is a key part of what phase of the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative Recommendations?

Answer 34

Initiate

Question 35

"Explore the current environment" is a key part of what phase of the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative Recommendations?

Answer 35

Initiate

Question 36

"Set objectives" is a key part of what phase of the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative Recommendations?

Answer 36

Initiate

Question 37

"Develop the business case" is a key part of what phase of the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative Recommendations?

Answer 37

Initiate

Question 38

"Raise awareness" is a key part of what phase of the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative Recommendations?

Answer 38

Initiate

Question 39

"Gather support" is a key part of what phase of the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative Recommendations?

Answer 39

Initiate

Question 40

"Create an accessibility policy" is a key part of what phase of the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative Recommendations?

Answer 40

Plan

Question 41

"Assign responsibilities" is a key part of what phase of the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative Recommendations?

Answer 41

Plan

Question 42

"Determine budget and resources" is a key part of what phase of the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative Recommendations?

Answer 42

Plan

Question 43

"Review the environment" is a key part of what phase of the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative Recommendations?

Answer 43

Plan

Question 44

"Review websites" is a key part of what phase of the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative Recommendations?

Answer 44

Plan

Question 45

"Establish a monitoring framework" is a key part of what phase of the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative Recommendations?

Answer 45

Plan

Question 46

"Engage with stakeholders" is a key part of what phase of the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative Recommendations?

Answer 46

Plan

Question 47

"Build skills and expertise" is a key part of what phase of the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative Recommendations?

Answer 47

Implement

Question 48

"Integrate goals into policies" is a key part of what phase of the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative Recommendations?

Answer 48

Implement

Question 49

"Assign tasks and support delivery" is a key part of what phase of the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative Recommendations?

Answer 49

Implement

Question 50

"Evaluate early and regularly" is a key part of what phase of the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative Recommendations?

Answer 50

Implement

Question 51

"Prioritize issues" is a key part of what phase of the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative Recommendations?

Answer 51

Implement

Question 52

"Track and communicate progress" is a key part of what phase of the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative Recommendations?

Answer 52

Implement

Question 53

"Monitor websites" is a key part of what phase of the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative Recommendations?

Answer 53

Sustain

Question 54

"Track standards and legislation" is a key part of what phase of the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative Recommendations?

Answer 54

Sustain

Question 55

"Adapt to new technologies" is a key part of what phase of the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative Recommendations?

Answer 55

Sustain

Question 56

"Incorporate user feedback" is a key part of what phase of the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative Recommendations?

Answer 56

Sustain

Question 57

What are the 3 parts of the model outlined in the European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education Guidelines?

Answer 57

1. Policy 2. Plan 3. Practice

Question 58

"Develop a long term strategy" is what part of the European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education Guidelines?

Answer 58

Policy

Question 59

"Publish an accessibility statement" is what part of the European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education Guidelines?

Answer 59

Policy

Question 60

"Develop a procurement policy" is what part of the European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education Guidelines?

Answer 60

Policy

Question 61

"Develop a plan" is what part of the European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education Guidelines?

Answer 61

Plan

Question 62

"Ensure authority and resources" is what part of the European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education Guidelines?

Answer 62

Plan

Question 63

"Conduct a pilot of the guidelines" is what part of the European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education Guidelines?

Answer 63

Practice

Question 64

"Provide awareness training" is what part of the European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education Guidelines?

Answer 64

Practice

Question 65

"Provide training for specialists" is what part of the European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education Guidelines?

Answer 65

Practice

Question 66

"Update work processes" is what part of the European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education Guidelines?

Answer 66

Practice

Question 67

"Produce style guides and templates" is what part of the European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education Guidelines?

Answer 67

Practice

Question 68

"Use style guides and templates" is what part of the European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education Guidelines?

Answer 68

Practice

Question 69

"Give external providers guidelines and requirements" is what part of the European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education Guidelines?

Answer 69

Practice

Question 70

"Conduct accessibility testing before releasing" is what part of the European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education Guidelines?

Answer 70

Practice

Question 71

What are the 5 levels of The Capability Maturity Model for Software adapted to ICT accessibility?

Answer 71

1. Initial 2. Repeatable 3. Defined 4. Managed 5. Optimizing

Question 72

Capabilities are ad-hoc, unrepeatable, untraceable, no established process describes which level of The Capability Maturity Model for Software adapted to ICT accessibility?

Answer 72

Initial

Question 73

Organization sets quantitative goals with well-defined and consistent measurements describes which level of The Capability Maturity Model for Software adapted to ICT accessibility?

Answer 73

Managed

Question 74

Policies are in place for managing projects and procedures for ICT accessibility describes which level of The Capability Maturity Model for Software adapted to ICT accessibility?

Answer 74

Repeatable

Question 75

Standard processes are integrated into the coherent whole across the organization, used, and changed as appropriate describes which level of The Capability Maturity Model for Software adapted to ICT accessibility?

Answer 75

Defined

Question 76

The entire organization is focused on continuous process improvement describes which level of The Capability Maturity Model for Software adapted to ICT accessibility?

Answer 76

Optimizing

Question 77

"Commitment to perform" is a key practice in which maturity model?

Answer 77

The Capability Maturity Model for Software adapted to ICT accessibility

Question 78

"Ability to perform" is a key practice in which maturity model?

Answer 78

The Capability Maturity Model for Software adapted to ICT accessibility

Question 79

"Activities performed" is a key practice in which maturity model?

Answer 79

The Capability Maturity Model for Software adapted to ICT accessibility

Question 80

"Measurement and analysis" is a key practice in which maturity model?

Answer 80

The Capability Maturity Model for Software adapted to ICT accessibility

Question 81

"Verifying implementation" is a key practice in which maturity model?

Answer 81

The Capability Maturity Model for Software adapted to ICT accessibility

Question 82

"Executive-level tech champions" is a commitment in which maturity model?

Answer 82

Accessible Technology Charter in the Business Disability Forum's Accessibility Maturity Model

Question 83

"Ensure colleague awareness" is a commitment in which maturity model?

Answer 83

Accessible Technology Charter in the Business Disability Forum's Accessibility Maturity Model

Question 84

"Consult with disabled peers / customers / experts" is a commitment in which maturity model?

Answer 84

Accessible Technology Charter in the Business Disability Forum's Accessibility Maturity Model

Question 85

"Enable built-in accessibility for personalization of tech" is a commitment in which maturity model?

Answer 85

Accessible Technology Charter in the Business Disability Forum's Accessibility Maturity Model

Question 86

"Embed and promote workplace adjustment processes to prove assistive tech" is a commitment in which maturity model?

Answer 86

Accessible Technology Charter in the Business Disability Forum's Accessibility Maturity Model

Question 87

"Give teams the accessibility know-how" is a commitment in which maturity model?

Answer 87

Accessible Technology Charter in the Business Disability Forum's Accessibility Maturity Model

Question 88

"Establish a performance baseline" is a commitment in which maturity model?

Answer 88

Accessible Technology Charter in the Business Disability Forum's Accessibility Maturity Model

Question 89

"Promote inclusive design development lifecycle" is a commitment in which maturity model?

Answer 89

Accessible Technology Charter in the Business Disability Forum's Accessibility Maturity Model

Question 90

"Include accessibility as key requirements in procurement" is a commitment in which maturity model?

Answer 90

Accessible Technology Charter in the Business Disability Forum's Accessibility Maturity Model

Question 91

"Continuously improve, document, and share" is a commitment in which maturity model?

Answer 91

Accessible Technology Charter in the Business Disability Forum's Accessibility Maturity Model

Question 92

What are the 5 levels of the Business Disability Forum's Accessibility Maturity Model based off the Accessibility Technology Charter?

Answer 92

Level 1: Informal. Level 2: Defined. Documented but not actioned. Level 3: Repeatable. Process established and actioned. Level 4: Managed. Process monitored and improved. Level 5: Best practices. Innovation.

Question 93

When does the W3C recommend evaluating accessibility?

Answer 93

Early and throughout the design and development process.

Question 94

What four chapters in Section 508 detail accessibility standards used in VPAT reporting?

Answer 94

Chapter 3: Functional Performance Criteria (FPCs) Chapter 4: Hardware Chapter 5: Software Chapter 6: Support and Documentation Services

Question 95

What 3 standards are part of the VPAT report?

Answer 95

1. WCAG 2. Section 508 3. EN 301 549

Question 96

What is the US's relationship with the UNCRPD?

Answer 96

Formally signed, but not adopted.

Question 97

What type of international agreement is legally binding and governed?

Answer 97

Treaty

Question 98

What is European directive 2016 / 2012?

Answer 98

The EU Web Accessibility Directive, also known as Directive 2016/2102, is a directive that requires EU member states to adopt web accessibility standards into their respective national laws. It defines the scope, establishes the minimum requirements, ensures harmonized monitoring and reporting, and an enforcement procedure.

Question 99

What article in the African Charter specifies "The aged and disabled shall also have the right to special measures of protection in keeping with their physical or moral needs"?

Answer 99

Article 18

Question 100

Which article of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) deals with accessibility?

Answer 100

Article 9

Question 101

Who is Japan's JOS X 8341 mandatory for? And who is it voluntary for?

Answer 101

Mandatory for government, optional for business

Question 102

Which article of The Inter-American Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities specifies what parties must undertake to accomplish the goals of the convention?

Answer 102

Article 3

Question 103

What kind of international agreement does this describe: "A meeting or formal assembly, as of representatives or delegates, for discussion of and action on particular matters of common concern. Usually the instruments negotiated under the auspices of an international organization"?

Answer 103

A convention.

Question 104

What kind of international agreement does this describe: "A formal agreement between two or more states in reference to peace, alliance, commerce, or other international relations. The key distinguishing feature is that it is legally binding and governed by international law"?

Answer 104

A treaty.

Question 105

What kind of international agreement does this describe: "A document embodying or displaying an announcement or proclamation. Not legally binding. The term is often deliberately chosen to indicate that the parties do not intend to create binding obligations but merely want to declare certain aspirations"?

Answer 105

A declaration

Question 106

"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood." is from what article of what international agreement?

Answer 106

Article 1 of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)

Question 107

What does article 9 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities address?

Answer 107

Communication technology accessibility

Question 108

Section 504 pertains to what?

Answer 108

Reasonable accommodations for people with disabilities from any employer and organization receiving federal funding.

Question 109

Section 504 and 508 are part of what act?

Answer 109

US Rehabilitation Act of 1973

Question 110

Which section of the UK Equality Act specifies protected characteristics?

Answer 110

Section 4

Question 111

Which title of the ADA applies to services, programs, and activities provided to the public by state and local government entities?

Answer 111

Title II

Question 112

Who enforces the ADA?

Answer 112

US Department of Justice Civil Rights Division, and in the case of educational institutions by the US Department of Education Office for Civil Rights, through consent decrees and settlements.

Question 113

What columns are in the VPAT template?

Answer 113

Relevant standard Level of conformance (supports, partially supports, does not support, not applicable) Detailed explanation

Question 114

What does the European Union Web Accessibility Directive 2016 / 2012 require?

Answer 114

Ensuring websites and applications are accessible An accessibility statement A method for users to report inaccessibility A link to enforcement procedures

Question 115

What is JIS X 8349 comparable to?

Answer 115

WCAG