Accessibility and Universal Design Flashcards
1
Q
What is the difference between accessibility, accommodations, usability, user experience, and universal design?
A
- Accessibility makes products usable for people with disabilities
- Usability makes it easier to arrive, use a tool, and complete the task
- Accommodation is individual assistance provided to persons with disabilities;
- UX includes usability, accessibility, usefulness, affect, accessibility, and credibility
- Universal design makes tools usable for everyone (as many as possible)
2
Q
Benefits of accessibility to individuals
A
Provides individuals with increased independence, means to participate in society, education, employment, and activities.
3
Q
What are the benefits of accessibility to society?
A
- Increased independence
- Contributions from persons with a variety of abilities and disabilities
- Cost savings, innovations
- Improvements to built / designed and digital world that benefits everyone.
4
Q
What are the 4 WCAG principles?
A
- Perceivable
- Operable
- Understandable
- Robust
5
Q
“Text alternatives for non-text content” is part of which WCAG principle?
A
Perceivable
6
Q
“Captions and other alternatives for multi-media” is part of which WCAG principle?
A
Perceivable
7
Q
“Content can be presented in multiple ways” is part of which WCAG principle?
A
Perceivable
8
Q
“Content is easy to see and hear” is part of which WCAG principle?
A
Perceivable
9
Q
“Functionality is available via keyboard” is part of which WCAG principle?
A
Operable
10
Q
“Users have enough time to read and use the content” is part of which WCAG principle?
A
Operable
11
Q
“Content does not cause seizures or physical reactions” is part of which WCAG principle?
A
Operable
12
Q
“Users can easily navigate, find content, and determine where they are” is part of which WCAG principle?
A
Operable
13
Q
“Users can use different input modalities beyond keyboard” is part of which WCAG principle?
A
Operable
14
Q
What are 3 accessibility guidelines under the Understandable WCAG principle?
A
- Text is readable and understandable
- Content appears and operates in predictable ways
- Users are helped to avoid and correct mistakes
15
Q
“Text is readable and understandable” is part of which WCAG principle?
A
Understandable
16
Q
“Content appears and operates in predictable ways” is part of which WCAG principle?
A
Understandable
17
Q
“Users are helped to avoid and correct mistakes” is part of which WCAG principle?
A
Understandable
18
Q
“Content is compatible with current and future tools” is part of which WCAG principle?
A
Robust
19
Q
What is the physical built environment?
A
Buildings, public spaces, and transportation systems
20
Q
What are the 7 principles of universal design?
A
- Equitable use
- Flexibility of use
- Simple and intuitive use
- Perceivable information
- Tolerance for error
- Low physical effort
- Size for approach and use
21
Q
“Provide the same means for all users: identical when possible and equitable when not” is part of which Universal Design principle?
A
Equitable Use
22
Q
“Avoid segregating or stigmatizing users” is part of which Universal Design principle?
A
Equitable Use
23
Q
“Provisions for privacy, security, and safety should be available to all users” is part of which Universal Design principle?
A
Equitable Use
24
Q
“Make the design appealing to all users” is part of which Universal Design principle?
A
Equitable Use
25
"Provide choice in methods of use" is part of which Universal Design principle?
Flexibility in Use
26
"Accommodate left- or right-handed access" is part of which Universal Design principle?
Flexibility in Use
27
"Facilitate the user's accuracy and precision" is part of which Universal Design principle?
Flexibility in Use
28
"Provide adaptability to the user's pace" is part of which Universal Design principle?
Flexibility in Use
29
"Eliminate unnecessary complexity" is part of which Universal Design principle?
Simple and Intuitive Use
30
"Be consistent with user expectations and intuition" is part of which Universal Design principle?
Simple and Intuitive Use
31
"Accommodate a wide range of literacy and language skills" is part of which Universal Design principle?
Simple and Intuitive Use
32
"Arrange information consistent with its importance" is part of which Universal Design principle?
Simple and Intuitive Use
33
"Provide effective prompting and feedback during and after task completion" is part of which Universal Design principle?
Simple and Intuitive Use
34
"Use different modes (pictorial, verbal, tactile) for redundant presentation of essential information" is part of which Universal Design principle?
Perceivable Information
35
"Provide adequate contrast between essential information and its surroundings" is part of which Universal Design principle?
Perceivable Information
36
"Maximize legibility of essential information" is part of which Universal Design principle?
Perceivable Information
37
"Differentiate elements in ways that can be described" is part of which Universal Design principle?
Perceivable Information
38
"Provide compatibility with a variety of techniques or devices used by people with sensory limitations" is part of which Universal Design principle?
Perceivable Information
39
"Arrange elements to minimize hazards and errors: most used elements, most accessible; hazardous elements eliminated, isolated, or shielded" is part of which Universal Design principle?
Tolerance for Error
40
"Provide warnings of hazards and errors" is part of which Universal Design principle?
Tolerance for Error
41
"Provide failsafe features" is part of which Universal Design principle?
Tolerance for Error
42
"Discourage unconscious action in tasks that require vigilance" is part of which Universal Design principle?
Tolerance for Error
43
"Allow user to maintain a neutral body position" is part of which Universal Design principle?
Low Physical Effort
44
"Use reasonable operating forces" is part of which Universal Design principle?
Low Physical Effort
45
"Minimize repetitive actions" is part of which Universal Design principle?
Low Physical Effort
46
"Minimize sustained physical effort" is part of which Universal Design principle?
Low Physical Effort
47
"Provide a clear line of sight to important elements for any seated or standing user" is part of which Universal Design principle?
Size and Space for Approach and Use
48
"Make reaching to all components comfortable for any seated or standing user" is part of which Universal Design principle?
Size and Space for Approach and Use
49
"Accommodate variations in hand and grip size" is part of which Universal Design principle?
Size and Space for Approach and Use
50
"Provide adequate space for the use of assistive devices or personal assistance" is part of which Universal Design principle?
Size and Space for Approach and Use
51
What are the 3 principles of Universal Design for Learning?
Provide multiple means of:
1. Engagement
2. Representation
3. Action and expression
52
Providing options for recruiting learners' interests is part of which Universal Design for Learning principle?
Provide Multiple Means of Engagement
53
Providing options for learners to sustain their efforts is part of which Universal Design for Learning principle?
Provide Multiple Means of Engagement
54
Providing options for learners to self-regulate is part of which Universal Design for Learning principle?
Provide Multiple Means of Engagement
55
Providing options for perception through different modalities is part of which Universal Design for Learning principle?
Provide Multiple Means of Representation
56
Providing options for language and symbols is part of which Universal Design for Learning principle?
Provide Multiple Means of Representation
57
Providing options for comprehension through the design and presentation of information that builds scaffolds for knowledge is part of which Universal Design for Learning principle?
Provide Multiple Means of Representation
58
Providing options for interacting with tools and environments that make learning physically accessible is part of which Universal Design for Learning principle?
Provide Multiple Means of Action and Expression
59
Providing options for learners to express themselves and communicate is part of which Universal Design for Learning principle?
Provide Multiple Means of Action and Expression
60
Providing options for building learners' executive functions through scaffolding is part of which Universal Design for Learning principle?
Provide Multiple Means of Action and Expression
61
What are the 3 aspects to usability?
1. Users should find it easy and become proficient when using a design interface
2. Users should be able to achieve their goal easily through the design
3. Users should be able to learn the interface so that return visits are as easy or easier
62
What are the 5 core areas of UX?
1. Usability
2. Useful content
3. Desirable / pleasurable content
4. Accessibility
5. Credibility
63
What are user agents?
Browsers and browser extensions, media players, screen readers, and other assistive technologies and applications that render web content
64
What is web content?
Information in a web page or application, such as text, images, tables, videos, and sounds, as well as the code or markup that defines a page or application's structure, presentation, and operation.
65
What are authoring tools?
Software used by web designers, developers, and content authors to produce web pages and dynamic web applications.
66
What are the 3 technology components of web accessibility?
1. Web content
2. User agents
3. Authoring tools
67
What are the two human components of web accessibility?
1. The skills of designers, developers, and content authors
2. The knowledge, experience, and adaptive strategies of people with disabilities
68
How many testable criteria are in WCAG 2.1?
78
69
How many guidelines are in WCAG 2.1?
13
70
What 3 brain networks correspond to the Universal Design for Learning principles?
1. Caring and prioritizing (why) — Engagement
2. Recognition (what) — Representation
3. Skills and strategies (how) — Action and expression
71
Choices of activities and tasks are an example of which Universal Design for Learning principle?
Provide Multiple Means of Engagement
72
Activities that are culturally and socially relevant are an example of which Universal Design for Learning principle?
Provide Multiple Means of Engagement
73
Variety in background noise and visual stimulation is an example of which Universal Design for Learning principle?
Provide Multiple Means of Engagement
74
A range of demands and resources so learners can find challenges that motivate them is an example of which Universal Design for Learning principle?
Provide Multiple Means of Engagement
75
Activities that encourage self-reflection is an example of which Universal Design for Learning principle?
Provide Multiple Means of Engagement
76
Text that can be enlarged is an example of which Universal Design for Learning principle?
Provide Multiple Means of Representation
77
Audio that can be amplified is an example of which Universal Design for Learning principle?
Provide Multiple Means of Representation
78
Video lectures with transcripts is an example of which Universal Design for Learning principle?
Provide Multiple Means of Representation
79
Reading aloud to students who are multilingual or have cognitive disabilities is an example of which Universal Design for Learning principle?
Provide Multiple Means of Representation
80
Opportunities for review and practice is an example of which Universal Design for Learning principle?
Provide Multiple Means of Representation
81
Multiple examples of novel solutions to a problem is an example of which Universal Design for Learning principle?
Provide Multiple Means of Action and Expression
82
Calculators, geometric sketchpads are examples of which Universal Design for Learning principle?
Provide Multiple Means of Action and Expression
83
Posted goals, objectives and schedules are examples of which Universal Design for Learning principle?
Provide Multiple Means of Action and Expression
84
Software that works seamlessly with keyboard alternatives is an example of which Universal Design for Learning principle?
Provide Multiple Means of Action and Expression
85
Options for students to show they know a topic, e.g., by writing an article or by giving a talk is an example of which Universal Design for Learning principle?
Provide Multiple Means of Action and Expression
