Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

SRNAChem&Physics > State of Matter > Flashcards

State of Matter Flashcards

(70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

States of matter, SOLID

A

Molecules made up of solid are arranged in regular repeating patterns, held firmly in place, can vibrate within a limited area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Liquids

A

Volume no shape
takes on shape of container
Molecules are also touching but have more movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In liquids

A

intermolecular forces are weaker and allow the molecules to slid past one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Are liquid compressible

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gases

A

Has no definite volume or shape
Expand to fill container
Molecules are not touching ahd have more common movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Liquid to gas

A

eVaporization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Gas to liquid

A

COndensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Gas to solid

A

Deposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Solid to gas

A

Sublimation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Liquid to solid

A

Freezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Solid to liquid

A

melting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Heat of fusion

A

Amount of energy to melt a solid into liquid phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Heat of vaporization

A

amount of energy necessary to vaporize a liquid into a gas phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Heat is the amount of________? is heat the same as temperature?

A

energy flowing into an object not the same as temperature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Melting - SOLID to LIQUID, As more heat energy is added,

A

Solid: vibration between particles become greater until the movement overcome the intermolecular forces holding the molecules together, causing dissociation into a liquid state.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Intermolecular forces

A

Determine how molecules interact with one another
Are electrostatic in nature
Based on electron organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Atoms tends to either

A

gain, lose or share electrone in order to achieve a toltal of 8 valence electron - like noble gases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The close an element is to noble gas

A

the more reactive it is (electronegative)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Dipole dipole interaction examples

A

Acetone; delta means partial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Acetone is

A

polar molecule

boiling point is 56 C, liquid at room temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hydrogen bonding ex

A

Water

Polar molecure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the strongest dipole bond

A

Hydrogen bonding

Boling point 100C liquid at room temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

London dispersion forces ex

A

CH4
Non polar molecues
weakest type of intermoleculs bond
boiling point -164C gas at room temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Lewis structure

A

used in chemistry to describe chemical bonds using valence electrons
Straight lines represent shared pairs of electrons
Dots represent lone pair of electros
Oxygen has 6 valence but gains 2 more from 2 hydrogens for a total of 8, its nearest noble gas NE.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Hydrogen has
one valence electron, but gaisn another from oxygen for a total of 2 its nearest noble gas.
26
Ionic bond: | Examples:
one atom donates electron to another
27
what is the strongest type of bond
IOnic
28
Covalent
Not as strong as ionic
29
In covalent, atoms
share electrons
30
Usually a metal donating
an electron to a non-metal
31
Covalent bond
Shared electrons spend more time around the more electronegative atom, leading to a polar covalent bond
32
Surface tension
Water molecules are attracted to other water molecules STick together. poses potential problem in the lungs
33
Surface tension
On a surface this causes side to side and downward attraction forces , but no balancing attractions from above the surface of the liquid,
34
Surfactants does what
Lower surface tension
35
Without surfactant
Collapsed alveoli
36
Inhaled anesthetics come in a
Liquid form | Changes states from liquid to vapor via VAPORIZERS
37
Vapor pressure
when molecules of a liquid escape into the gas phase, they collide with the walls of the container, exerting force on the wall. This is called vapor pressure.
38
An increase temperatures
Causes an increase in vapor pressure and volatility
39
Ethanol is more
volatile than water at the same temperatures
40
Relates vapor pressure to temperature
Clausius Capeyron Equation
41
Clausius Capeyron Equation
logP = A + B / T
42
A and B depends
On the particular fluid
43
What is the vapor pressure of enflurance at 25 C? | Given A= 7.967 Torr, B = -1678 torr/K
log P = 217 mmHg
44
X enflurane =
Vapor pressure of enflurane / Total pressure
45
Boiling point of a liquid
will increase if the pressure on the liquid is increased
46
Phase diagram
Shows Triple state of water or other l
47
States of matter: Liquid, the molecules flow
Easily around one another Kept from flying around by attractive forces between them Assume shape of their container
48
States of matter: GAS the molecules fly
in all direction at GREAT SPEED, they are so far apart that the attractive forces between them are INSIGNIFICANT
49
Solid are held by
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
50
Are solids compressible
NO
51
Vaporization – Liquid to GAS state
If we continue to add more heat energy, the movement continues to increase overwhelming the intermolecular forces and particles begin to escape the liquid surface vaporizing into a gas
52
What are the 3 types of INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
1. Dipole-dipole 2. Hydrogen bonding 3. London-Dispersion Forces
53
What is the weakest types of intermolecular bonds?
London dispersion forces
54
The thin film of fluid lining the aveloli could | •Surfactant reduces
- cause the walls to stick together and collapse | - the surface tension so this does not happen.
55
Volatility is the
tendency of a liquid to change into gas
56
Higher volatility = __________ | Higher volatility = ___________
Higher evaporation | Higher Vapor pressure
57
This equation is used to calculate the Vapor | Pressure of a liquid
logP = A + B/T
58
If O2 is sent through a vaporizer with liquid enflurane, the composition of the O2 enflurane mixture will depend on
the temp. of the vaporizer and the pressure of the O2.
59
Vapor Pressure determines
the (mole fraction, or) Partial Pressure of a volatile anesthetic in a gas mixture
60
Boiling point is the
Boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the ambient pressure (normally one atmosphere).
61
Boiling point of a liquid will_________ if the | pressure on the liquid is increased. Ex:
increase ; Water normally boils into steam at 100C, but in a sealed pressurized autoclave, the boiling point increases to 120C or more.
62
PHASE DIAGRAM
Shows the combined effects of temperature and pressure on the state of matter.
63
Explain why water is liquid at room temperature while CO2 is a gas
Water can form hydrogen bonds that can hold the water molecules into a liquid state even when the average kinetic energy of the molecule is relatively high.
64
Why does NACL dissolves in water and not in covalent solvent?
When NACL dissociates in water, it separates into Na+ and Cl- ions. Organic solvents are not polar enough to solvate the ions and keep them away from each other.
65
How does vapor pressure depend on temperature?
At temperature INCREASES, VAPOR PRESSURE INCREASES | AS intermolecular FORCES DECREASE, Vapor PRESSURE INCREASES.
66
What is a surfactant and how do they break surface tension? examples when useful..
Surface active agents , known as soaps and detergents, have an ionic, hydrophillic end that allows the surfactant to interact with water molecules. The surfactant also haas a HYDROPHOBIC tail that prevents the water molecules from interacting with each other. This reduces the surface tension and cohesion of the water. Cleaning and preventing the collapse of a premature baby's lungs are 2 applications of surfactants.
67
Do you expect nitrous oxide to be more soluble in the adipose tissue or in the blood? Explain.
Nitrous oxide has a small molecule dipole but is not very polar compared to water. Therefore nitrous oxide is expected to be preferentially soluble in adipose tissue.
68
Which state of matter (solid, liquid or gas) do you expect to be the least dense? Explain.
The gas state. Since the molecules are not in contact with each other, the volume of the gas will be greater and as the volume of a SAMPLE INCREASES, the DENSITY DECREASES
69
The constants in the modified Clausius-Clapeyron equation for sevoflurane are A= 8.083 torr and B= -1.726torr. K. remember that temperature expressed in Kelvin Calculate the vapor pressure at temperature of 20.0C? Calculate the vapor pressure at temperature of 25C? Calculate the vapor pressure at temperarture of 35C?
log (P) = A + B/ T a. 156 torr b. 195 torr c. 301 torr
70
The boiling points of Sevoflurane and Desflurane are 59C and 23C, respectively. a. which compound has the greater amount of intermolecular forces? b. Which compound do you believe is more polar? c. Based on your answer earlier, which compound is more soluble in a polar solvent, like water?
a. In order to boil, the temperature must be great enough for the kinetic energy of the molecules to overcome the attractions due to intermolecular forces. In this case, sevoflurane has more intermolecular forces. b. Greater polarity results in more intermolecular attractive forces, which suggests sevoflurane is the more polar substance c. Following from the previous answer, sevoflurane appears to be more polar, so it should be more soluble in a polar solvent, such as water.

SRNAChem&Physics (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions