States of Matter / the KMT: LIQUIDS Flashcards
(25 cards)
The kinetic-molecular theory of matter is based on the idea that…
particles of matter are always in motion
Liquids are a form of matter that has…
definite volume and takes shape of its container
Liquids are much______than gas particles
closer and structured due to attractive forces and can flow around one another
The attractive forces bwtn liquid particles are________than those btwn gas particles
stronger
Forces are:
intermolecular forces
-dipole-dipole forces
-London dispersion forces
-Hydrogen bonding
Fluidity:
liquid particles slide past each other. intermolecular forces are just strong enough to cause particles to flow.
Fluid:
a substance that can flow and takes shape of container. (gas and liquid)
Density:
liquids are 100 of times denser than gases
-liquid particles have much closer arrangement than gas particles —denser
Compreesibility:
since liquid p. are more closely packed together-> liquids are only slightly compressible while gases are VERY compressible
Diffusion:
liquids diffuse slower than gases
+ liquids move and diffuse throughout any other liquid that it can dissolve in.
Surface Tension:
force that pulls liquid p. together to decrease surface area to the least possible size (water has high surface tension)
Capillary Action:
an attraction btwn the surface of a solid and the surface of a liquid
* pulls the liquid up – against the pull of gravity
* action causes the meniscus to form in a graduated cylinder
Vaporization:
process by which a liquid or solid changes to a gas
Evaporation:
the process by which particles escape from the surface of a liquid and change to the gas phase - occurs below the liquid’s boiling point (no bubbles)
Boiling:
the change from a liquid to a gas within the liquid – bubbles of vapor throughout the liquid
Liquid p. at surface have ________than partciles within the liquid
more kinetic energy
(as KE increases, the intermolecular forces are overcome and liquid particles change to gas particles (vapor)
Particles with most KE…..
escape first - leaving lower energy particles behind
Evaporation is a ______ process
cooling
Evaporation in a closed system:
liquids in a closed container still evaporate. The vapor (gas particles) builds at the top of the container.
Vapor pressure:
the measure of the force exerted by a gas above a liquid
when is equilibrium reached?
Once the number of particles condensing and the # of particles vaporising are = so pressure remains constant.
Boiling Point:
the temp at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is = to the external pressure on the liquid
External pressure =
Atmospheric Pressure
Atmospheric pressure is lower at ..,
higher altitudes so boiling point are lower at higher altitudes
