Static Electricity Flashcards

(50 cards)

1
Q

protons are positive/negative/neutral

A

positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

neutrons are positive/negative/neutral

A

neutral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where are protons and neutrons found in an atom

A

in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

electrons are positive/negative/neutral

A

negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where are electrons found in an atom

A

orbiting the atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

can you remove protons from the nucleus?

A

it is almost impossible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

can you remove electrons from round the outside?

A

it it very easy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how do you charge a polythene rod?

A

when a polythene rod is rubbed, the friction causes the electrons in the duster to transfer to the polythene rod

the polythene then has more electrons than protons and is negatively charged

the duster then has fewer electrons than protons and is positively charged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how do you charge an acetate rod?

A

when the acetate rod is rubbed, the friction causes the electrons in the acetate rod to transfer to the duster

the acetate now rod has more protons than electrons and is positively charges

the duster now has more electrons than protons and is negatively charged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

two negatively charged rods are held up to each other

what do they do and why

A

they move away from each other

like charges repel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

two postively charged rods are help up to each other

what do they do and why

A

they move away from each other

like charges repel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

two postively charged rods are help up very close to each other

what do they do and why

A

they move away from each other with a larger force as they are close together

like charges repel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

two negatively charged rods are help up far away from each other

what do they do and why

A

they move away from each other wuth a smaller force as they are further apart

like charges repel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

one postively charged rod and one negatively charged rod are help up to each other

what do they do and why

A

they come closer together

opposite charges attract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does GLE stand for

A

Gold Leaf Electroscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does a GLE do?

A

this device detects electrical charge (positive or negative)

the gold leaf sticks up when charges are near the plate at the bottom

the greater the charge, the greater the angle of the leaf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what happens when a polythene rod is held up to a GLE

A

electrons in the GLE are repelled by the electrons in the rod

like charges repel so the leaf rises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what happens when an acetate rod is held up to a GLE

A

electrons in the GLE are attracted to the acetate rod and move upwards

positive charges attract so the leaf rises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how do you charge the GLE by induction

A

bring a postively charged rod close the the GLE

toughing the GLE with a finger allows electrons from the Earth to make the system neutral again, so the leaf goes down

remove the finger then remove the rod. this means we have an excess of negative charges which makes the leaf rise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how does a photocopier work?

A

the copying plate is given a charge

an image of the page to be copied is projected onto the charged copying plate

where light hits the page the charge leaks away, leaving a pattern on the page

black ink powder is attracted to the charges parts of the plate

black ink powder is transferred onto a piece of paper

the paper is heates so the powder melts and sticks to the page

this is now a photocopy of the original plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is electrostatic precipitator?

A

device used in chimneys to remove smoke from waste gases before they leave chimneys

22
Q

why does the smoke need to be removed by an electrostatic precipitator in chimneys?

A

smoke particles, such as unreacted carbon, damage buildings and make it difficult to breath

23
Q

how does an electrostatic precipitator work?

A

smoke particles gain a negative charge as they pass a negatively charged grid

they then become attracted to the positively charged collecting plates on the side of the chimney

once the plates are knocked, the smoke particles fall into a collector and the clean air passes out through the chimney

24
Q

what is the use of the grid in an electrostatic precipitator?

A

the metal grid is given a high votlage

the grid that the smoke passes through may be positively or negatively charged

if the grid is negatively charged then the smoke particles gain electrons, if it is positively charged then they particles lose electrons

depending on their charge, the dust particles are attracted to the oppositely charged collceting plates

opposite charges attract

25
label this diagram of a Van de Graaf generator
26
how do you discharge negatively charged Van de Graaff Generator
the electrons conduct through the person to the ground this leaves the dome neutrally charged
27
how do you discharge a positively charged Van de Graaff Generator?
electrons conduct from the ground through the person to the dome this leaves it neutrally charged
28
why does someone's hair to raise when they hold onto a Van de Graaff Generator?
electrons repel each other and move through your boyd (including your hair) each strand of hair is negatively charges they repel each other and the force makes them stand on end
29
how does a charged balloon stick to the ceiling?
the negatively charged balloon is brought up to the neutrally charges celing the electrons in the celing repel away from the balloon this means the electron in the balloon and the protons in the ceiling can attract this means the balloon can stick to the ceiling
30
why does a charged balloon that had been stuck to a ceiling fall after a while?
the elctrons in the balloon escape into the air this means the balloon becomes neutrally charged the electrons in the ceiling then move back down this makes the balloon drop from the ceiling there is no longer any force between the balloon and the ceiling
31
how does a negtaively charged rod collect neurally charged peices if paper?
the negatively charged rid induces a positive charge at the top of the first piece of paper which causes them to attract the electrons are repelled to the bottom of each piece of paper by the electrons in the negatively charged rod rod
32
how does a lightning conductor work to protect buildings?
copper metal is fixed to the outside of the building it reaches to the top of the building (extensive tops have several, can be one or many depending on size and shape of building) other end is fixed into ground this provides a very low resistance pathway for lightning to reach the ground
33
what would happen if buildings weren't protected by a lightning conductor?
lightninig must pass through brick or stone can shatter building yurns water to steam rapidly causing huge cracks to form can leave buildings unstructurally sound can get into electric circuits
34
what are the dangers of refuelling an aircraft?
the fuel has to pass through a hose to enter the aircraft this causes friction to be created and a charge to go up the plane, tanker and hose because there is lots of electrical wirign and circuits in an aircraft, this charge may result in a spark fuel is very flammable so the spark can ignite and result in a hige fire spreading quickly through the aircraft
35
how do you prevent fire and sparks when refuelling an aircraft?
aircrafts and tankers should be earthed (discharged) before they are refuelled if it is discharged then it won't result in a spark a metal wire in used to earth the objects as the charge seeks the easiest route to the ground through the wire this makes the charge neutral
36
when spray painting, why is the gun positively charged? (assuming the car is negaitively charged)
each droplet of paint has electrons pulled from it by the positively charged gun this makes them repel each other, resulting in an even spray paint (no clumps)
37
when spray painting, why is the car door negatively charged (assuming the gun is positively charged)?
the positively charged paint droplets are attracted to the cra door which is negatively charged
38
what are the advantages of spray painting with charged guns and car doors?
less paint is wasted front and back can be painted simultaneously so it can save time and can get into hard to reach areas better quality paint job
39
a man becomes positively charged by walking across nylon carpet when he touches an earthed light switch, he feels a shock as he loses excess charge explain how he loses excess charge
electrons from the ground (Earth) are attracted to the protons in the man because opposite charges attract
40
when jane takes off her woolen jumper she hears a crackling sound and sees flashes of light It is thought that the ........ between her jumper and blouse is producing ...... charges the jumper become positively charged because ....... are being removed from it because the jumper and blouse have opposite charges they ..... each other and this makes it difficult for the jumper to be removed
when jane takes off her woolen jumper she hears a crackling sound and sees flashes of light It is thought that the **friction** between her jumper and blouse is producing **electrostatic** charges the jumper become positively charged because **electrons **are being removed from it because the jumper and blouse have opposite charges they **attract**each other and this makes it difficult for the jumper to be removed
41
a golfer stands under a device made up of aluminium poles in a triangular shape (No base) with two spikes in the ground explain how the aluminumpoles stop lightning from striking the golfer
aluminium is metal the small spike at the top attracts the lightning and it runs to the earth to be discharges via the aluminium the aluminium provides a low path of resistant the lightning cannot reach the person
42
What happens with insulators and static electricity?
insulators do not allow electric charges to move through them some insulators can become electrically charged when they're rubbed with a different insulator
43
what is the relationship between the static charge stored and the potential difference between it and the earth
the greater the static charge stored, the greater the potential difference between it and the earth
44
What happens if the if the p.d. becomes high enough?
the greater the charge on an isolated object, the greater the voltage between it and the Earth if the voltage becomes gets big enough **a spark may jump across a gap**
45
why can't metals store a static charge unless they are isolated? but insulators can?
metals are good conductors (poor insulators) if one end of a piece of metal is made positive, the electrons will be attracted towards it and because they are free, they can move towards it static charge only builds up in insulators (these are materials that will not allow the flow of charged particles (nearly always electrons) through them) static charge won't build up on conductors unless they are isolated because as soon as you put too many electrons in one place, they repel each other and spread out, reducing or eliminating the effect on insulators, the charge can't spread out - so you get a noticeable effect You can give metal objects static charge as long as the whole object is insulated from the rest of the world so that charge cannot escape from it (even though the charge is spread evenly throughout the whole metal object) **if you give a metal a charge you need to isolate it from the earth otherwise the charge would conduct down to earth - isolating metals prevents this**
46
how does lightning work?
lots of small bits of ice bump into each other as they move around - all these collisions cause a build up of electrical charge the whole cloud fills up with electrical charges lighter, positively charged particles form at the top of the cloud heavier, negatively charged particles sink to the bottom of the cloud when the positive and negative charges grow large enough, a giant spark (lightning) occurs between the two charges within the cloud opposite charges attract so a positive charge builds up on the ground beneath the cloud the ground's electrical charge concentrates around anything that sticks up (mountains, people, or single trees) the charge coming up from these points eventually connects with a charge reaching down from the clouds and lightning strikes **in short: Rain drops and ice bump together inside storm clouds, knocking off electrons and leaving the top of the cloud positively charged and the bottom of the cloud negatively charged. This created a huge voltage and a big spark**
47
Explain how a student uses different plastic rods, a cloth and a hanger attached to a retort stand to demonstrate the law of electrostatics
charge one rod (plastic) by rubbing it with a cloth - supsend this rod on the hanger charge another rod (similar plastic to other rod) by rubbing it with a cloth - hold this rod near the suspended rod the rods will repel as like charges repel charge a different type of rod by running it with the cloth the rods will attract as opposite charges attract
48
What is the law of electrostatics?
like charges repel oppisite charges attract
49
How does an inkjet printer work?
1. Tiny droplets of ink are forced out of a fine nozzle, making them electrically charged 2. The droplets are deflected as they pass between two metal plates. A voltage is applied to the plates - one is negative and the other is positive 3. The droplets are attracted to the plate of the opposite charge and repelled from the plate with the same charge 4. The size and direction of the voltage across each plate changes so each droplet is deflected to hit a different place on the paper 5. Loads of tiny dots make up your printout
50
Why do clothes cackle?
When synthetic clothes are dragged over each other (like in a tumlr dryer or over your head) electrons get scrapped off, leaving static charges on both parts - they attract little sparks/shocks occur as the charges rearrange themselves