Station 3: Elbow, Hand and Wrist

Question 1

What are the 3 joints of the elbow complex?

Answer 1

Humeroulnar joint - Hinge
- trochlea and trochlea notch

Humeroradial joint - Plane
- capitellum and head of radius

Proximal Radioulnar joint - Pivot (pronation/supination)
- head of radius and radial notch

Question 2

Which of the 3 elbow joints is responsible for pronation and supination?

Answer 2

Proximal radioulnar joint

Question 3

What are the 3 ligaments of the elbow?

Answer 3

Annular Ligament - runs over the front
Radial collateral ligament - splits into two on front side
Ulna collateral ligament - on back side

Question 4

What is valgus?

Answer 4

Distal end of the limb is lateral
Think L in valgus is for lateral

Question 5

What is varus?

Answer 5

Distal end of the limb is medial

Question 6

What is the normal angulation of elbow?

Answer 6

10-15 degrees valgus

Question 7

What is the difference between Radius Deviation and Ulna Deviation?

Answer 7

Radius deviation: tilting the hand and wrist toward the thumb and radius
Ulna Deviation: tilting the hand and wrist toward the pinky and ulna

Question 8

What are the important ligaments of the wrist?

Answer 8

Palmar intercarpal ligaments (intrinsic)
Radiolunate (extrinsic)
Ulnolunate (extrinsic)

Question 9

What are the intrinsic ligament/s of the wrist?

Answer 9

Palmar intercarpal ligament

Question 10

What are the extrinsic ligament/s of the wrist?

Answer 10

Radiolunate and Ulnolunate

Question 11

What does the double V system of ligaments in the wrist do?

Answer 11

Provides stability during radial-ulnar deviation

Question 12

What is the triangular fibrocartilage complex?

Answer 12

Provides stability for ulna during movement, particularly radial deviation
Absorbs shock, prevents radius/ulna separation

Question 13

The triangular fibrocartilage complex is particularly helpful for which type of deviation?

Answer 13

Radial Deviation

Question 14

What does the retinaculum do in the carpal tunnel?

Answer 14

This is the transverse ligament
It completes the U shape to form carpal tunnel

Question 15

Which nerve is involved in carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 15

Median nerve. This is where pressure cannot escape the tunnel

Question 16

What are the arches of the hand?

Answer 16

Proximal Transverse Arch (K = Capitate)
Distal Transverse Arch (K = 3rd metacarpal)
Longitudinal Arch (No K)

Question 17

What is the keystone of the proximal transverse arch?

Answer 17

Capitate

Question 18

What is the keystone of the distal transverse arch?

Answer 18

3rd Metacarpal

Question 19

What is the keystone of the longitudinal arch?

Answer 19

Does not have a keystone

Question 20

Which arches are mobile?

Answer 20

Distal Transverse Arch and Longitudinal Arch

Question 21

Which arches are not mobile

Answer 21

Proximal Transverse Arch

Question 22

What do intrinsic muscles of the wrist do?

Answer 22

Change the shape of the hand and maintain the arches

Question 23

What is prehension?

Answer 23

Grasping, holding, grabbing of any object

Question 24

What are the two classes of prehension?

Answer 24

Power and Precision

Question 25

What is power prehension?

Answer 25

Thumb adduction

Question 26

What is precision prehension?

Answer 26

Fingers are spread

Question 27

Which prehension grip is used for opening a tight jar?

Answer 27

Power + Precision