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Functional Anatomy Final > Station 4: The Hip and Pelvis > Flashcards

Station 4: The Hip and Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

What is normal Hip flexion ROM?

A

100-135 degrees

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2
Q

What are some reasons for variation in hip flexion ROM?

A

History of injury
Connective tissue tightness

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3
Q

Why do we measure hip flexion ROM with knee bent?

A

Removes hamstrings from measurement

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4
Q

What is normal Hip Hyperextension ROM?

A

10-30 degrees

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5
Q

How can you cheat a hip hyperextension ROM measurement?

A

Arch back

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6
Q

What does a narrow stance squat suggest about the acetabulum?

A

Shallow acetabulum

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7
Q

What does a wide stance squat suggest about the acetabulum?

A

More bone coverage of acetabulum

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8
Q

What two angles/structures relate to the angle of the acetabulum?

A

Centre-edge angle (Angle of Wiberg)
Acetabular anteversion angle

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9
Q

What two angles/structures relate to the angle of the femur?

A

Angle of inclination
Torsion Angle

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10
Q

What structures surround the acetabulum

A

Acetabulum labrum
Ligamentum teres
Transverse ligament

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11
Q

What is the optimal centre edge angle (angle of Wiberg)

A

35-40 degrees

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12
Q

What is the Centre-edge angle?

A

How much roof of the acetabulum is there over the femur (35-40 degs)

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13
Q

What plane is the centre edge angle in?

A

Frontal plane

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14
Q

What does a smaller centre edge angle mean?

A

It means there is less of a roof over the femur. This means you can see more into the socket
Less stability but more mobility. Greater risk of injury

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15
Q

What is the optimal acetabular anteversion angle?

A

20 degrees

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16
Q

What is the acetabular anteversion angle?

A

How much the acetabulum comes round the front of the femur (20 degs)

17
Q

What plane is the acetabular anteversion angle in?

A

Transverse

18
Q

What does a greater acetabular anteversion angle mean?

A

Less bone comes round the front of femur
Can see more into acetabulum socket

19
Q

What is the optimal angle of inclination?

A

125 degrees

20
Q

What is the angle of inclination?

A

The angle between the shaft and neck of the femur (125 degrees)

21
Q

What are the different deformities from higher or lower than optimal angles of inclination?

A

Coxa vara (<125 degs)
Coxa valga (>125 degs)

22
Q

What is Coxa Vara?

A

Coxa Vara is where the angle of inclination is <125 degrees. (More like a right angle R for right angle in vara). Femoral neck is flat and really stable but less mobile.
Lots of shear force through hip as a result

23
Q

What is Coxa Valga?

A

Coxa Valga is where the angle of inclination is >125 degrees. Femoral neck is steep and really mobile but less stable.
Less shear force through hip as a result
Seen in people with cerebral palsy

24
Q

What is the optimal torsion angle?

A

15 degrees

25
Q

What is the torsion angle?

A

Orientation of neck and femur. It sits 15 degrees forward (anteversion)

26
Q

What is retroversion?

A

Neck and femur sits <15 degrees forward. Sits straight into side or backwards
Feet twist out

27
Q

What is excessive anteversion?

A

Neck sit excessively forward
Feet twist in to compensate (pigeon toe)

28
Q

What is the acetabulum labrum made of and what does it do?

A

It is made of fibrocartilage and is horseshoe shaped, found in the socket (intrinsic)
Deepens socket, suctions head of femur into socket
Shock absorption and cushion for load bearing

29
Q

What is the ligamentum teres?

A

Runs through inside of joint - connecting bone to bone
Fovea capitus into acetabulum
Either delivers blood flow and nerve supply OR is completely redundant

30
Q

What is the transverse ligament?

A

Connects acetabulum at bottom of socket
Completes the rounded shape
Prevents inferior dislocation (uncommon)

31
Q

What are the three ligaments of the hip and what do they do?

A

Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral
All extrinsic and screw head of femur into socket

32
Q

What is the thinnest hip ligament?

A

Ischiofemoral

33
Q

The front hip ligaments are loosest in what motion?

A

Hip flexion

34
Q

When do hip ligaments pull tightest?

A

Hip extension and Internal rotation

35
Q

When do hip ligaments pull loosest?

A

Hip flexion and External rotation

36
Q

What is true leg length discrepancy, what does it cause and how do you find it?

A

It is the actual difference in leg length
Causes tilt in pelvis and secondary compensation of spinal column
Find ASIS and medial malleolus and measure difference between two bony landmarks

37
Q
A
38
Q

What is apparent leg length discrepancy, what does it cause and how do you find it?

A

Determines whether leg length differences are due to pelvic rotation, sacroiliac dysfunction, foot pronation/supination or postural abnormalities
Find umbilicus and medial malleolus and measure difference between two bony landmarks

Functional Anatomy Final (9 decks)

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