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Statistics of the Prison Population Flashcards

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1
Q

Prison Pop.

England & Wales, June 2016

A

84,405

exp. 90k by 2020

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2
Q

Prison pop. increase since 1993?

A

92% rise (incr. by 41k)

greater use of long sentences accounts for 66% of rise; avg. sentence 3mo longer today

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3
Q

Cost of prison ?

A

£36k

down 18% since 2009

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4
Q

E&W comparative imprisonment rate (to Europe) ?

A

147/100k
Highest in W. Europe
(Scotland: 143/100k; N.I.: 78/100k)

E&W have 2x as many indeterminate sentences as FRA, GER, ITA combined.

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5
Q

What % of world prison pop. are in the US ?

A

25% of world prisoners (but only 5% of world pop.)

1972: 300k prisoners
2016: 2.3mil

Highest incarceration rate in the world.

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6
Q

% of prisoners serving 4+ yrs (incl. indeterminate)

A

56% of total

incr. by 26k since 1993

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7
Q

Prisoners serving indeterminate sentences?

A

11.5k
(64% = life sentence)
(36% serving an IPP)

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8
Q

% of prisoners serving IPP past tariff expiry date?

A

81%

avg. = 44mo beyond tariff

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9
Q

% of people entering prison w ≤6mo sentence?

A

48%

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10
Q

% of prisoners who ran away from home as child

A

47% of males; 50% of females

compared to 10% of gen. pop.

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11
Q

% of prisoners taken into care as child

A

+25%

compared to 2% of gen. pop.

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12
Q

% of prisoners w convicted family member

A

43%

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13
Q

% of prisoners w convicted family member who’d been in prison?

A

35%

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14
Q

% prisoners unmarried pre-custody?

A

81%

double the gen. pop.

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15
Q

% of prisoners divorced since imprisonment?

A

10%

double the gen. pop.

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16
Q

% of young male offenders who are fathers?

A

25%

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17
Q

% of women living at home w dependent children at time of custody?

A

20%

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18
Q

Proportion of prisoners excluded from school?

A

1/2 of males; 1/3rd of females

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19
Q

Proportion of prisoners w/o qualifications?

A

1/2 of males; 7/10 females

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20
Q

Prisoners’ numeracy, writing & reading skills (vs. level expected of 11yro)

A

Numeracy: 2/3 (±66%)
Reading: 50%
Writing: 82%

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21
Q

% prisoners unemployed in 4wks before custody?

A

2/3rds

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22
Q

% of prisoners w 2+ mental disorders?

A

70%

Gen. Pop. = 5% men; 2% women

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23
Q

Prisoners’ likelihood to abuse drugs/alcohol?

A

Far more likely than gen. pop.

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24
Q

% of prisoners in receipt of benefits immediately pre-custody?

A

75%

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25
Link b/w prison numbers and crime levels? | National Audit Office
No consistent correlation. | *same int'l findings: Seppala (2015)
26
``` # of deaths in prison ? (March 2015-2016) ```
290 | = highest number on record
27
``` # of fires in E&W prisons? (2015) ```
1935 fires (160/mo) = 57% incr.
28
Rates of self-harm in E&W prisons? | 2015
+32,300 = highest ever recorded | 40% incr. in 2 yrs
29
% of adult reconviction w/in 1yr of release?
46% | - Those serving ≤12mo = 60%
30
Most at risk of self-harm in prison pop. ?
1. Indeterminate sentences for IPP. (550 incidents of 1000 serving an IPP) 2. Women = 23% of all self-harm incidents (represent only 5% of total prison pop).
31
Risk of self-harm - women v. men?
2016: women = 23% of all incidents (down from 1/3rd in 2011) (only 5% of total prison pop). * but also reflects sharp rise in men incidents
32
10yr trend of deaths from natural causes in prison ?
Nearly doubled. | Avg. age = 56yrs
33
General rates of prison violence ?
Rising sharply since 2012. Serious assaults more than doubled in 3yrs
34
% of prisoners homeless OR w/o permanent accommodation pre-custody?
15% and 33%, respectively
35
Effectiveness of short prison sentences vs CommPens on reoffending?
7% higher reoffending rate (+ more crimes committed) for short prison sentences (<12mo)
36
% of under-18s reconvicted w/in 1yr?
+68%
37
``` # of people remanded to prison pre-trial? (2015) ```
40.5k
38
% of people remanded accused of non-violent offences?
60% | 17% theft; 10% drugs
39
% of current prison pop on remand?
12% of total (10k) | 68% await trial; rest await sentence
40
% of self-inflicted deaths by prisoners on remand? | 2015
2/5
41
% of women reconvicted w/in 1yr of release?
48% | 77% if served 11+ previous custodial sentences
42
Economic cost of reoffending?
£9.5-13/yr (3/4 can be attributed to former short-sentenced prisoners) (National Audit Office)
43
% of ROTL completed successfully?
99.95%
44
Reduction of ROTL use ?
-37% (due to new restrictions)
45
% of prisoners overcrowded?
>25% | over half of E&W prisons overcrowded
46
Overcrowding in private v public prisons ?
Private have higher % of overcrowding than public ever year since 2000
47
NOMS budget reduction since 2010-2011?
Reduced by nearly 25% | savings of £900m
48
% of prisons "of concern" or "of serious concern" ?
24% | dbl. since 2012
49
Male to female prisoners?
95% men; 5% women
50
of under-18s entering YJS ?
82% fall (2007-2015) | Taylor Report
51
of C/YAs in custody?
``` under-18s = 900 18-20s = 4.7k ``` = 67% decrease (2007-2015) (Taylor Report)
52
% of C/YAs reoffending w/in 1yr of release?
69%
53
% of children in prison w absent parents?
75% w/o father | 1/3 w/o mother
54
% of children in prison on child protection register OR experienced neglect/abuse?
40%
55
Rates of women imprisonment ?
3.8k | nearly tripled b/w 1993-2005
56
% of women in prison sentenced for non-violent offence?
85% | 42% for theft/handling stolen goods
57
% of women entering prison serving ≤6mo ?
61% | in 1993: 1/3rd
58
% of women prisoners reporting abuse as child?
53% women | 27% men
59
% of women prisoners reporting domestic abuse history ?
46%
60
#s of children affected by parental imprisonment?
200k children in E&W had parent in prison during 2009 | more than double children affected by divorce
61
of children separated from moms by prison?
>17.2k (in 2010)
62
% of women in prison est'd to have 1+ dependent children?
13-20%
63
Effect of parental imprisonment on children's risk ?
300% risk for antisocial/delinquent behavior | Farrington 2008
64
Avg. distance b/w women's prisons and their families?
60mi (but many held further) | --> makes visiting difficult/expensive
65
% of women in prison who are foreign nationals ?
13%
66
% of prison population BAME?
26% (55/10k of pop'n) (v. 14% of gen. pop.) Equality & Human Rights Comm'n: UK more disproportionate than in the US
67
% of black prisoners?
10% | v. 2.8% of gen. pop.
68
% of Muslim prisoners?
15% of prison pop. | doubled b/w 2002-2016
69
% prisoners in receipt of mental health treatment in yr before custody ?
16% men; 26% women
70
% prisoners reporting symptoms indicative of psychosis ?
15% men; 25% women | vs. 4% in general public
71
% of women prisoners reporting suicide attempt at some point in life?
46% | men prisoners = 21%; gen. pop. = 6%
72
Suicide rates in custody ?
120/100k people | gen. pop. = 10.8/120k people

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